Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress

Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

Visit PD&R’s website www.hud.gov/policy or www.huduser.org to find this report and others sponsored by HUD’s Onullce onullPolicy Developnullnt and Research nullD&Rnull Other services onullHUD UnullRnullPD&R’s Research and nullnullrnulltion nullrvicenullinclude listservsnullspecial interest and binullnthly publications nullest practicesnullsignificant studies nullonullother sourcesnull access to public use databasesnulland a hotline nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullr help with accessing the innullrnulltion you need.

Worst Case Housing needs 2009: report to Congress U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research February 2nullnullnull Prepared by Barry L. Steffen With Keith Fudge Marge Martin Maria Teresa Souza David A. Vandenbrounullnulle nullungnullnullann David nullao

Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullanullpnulleased to transnullit to the null.S. nullongress this report fronullthe Departnullent of nullousnull ing and nullrban Devenullopnullent nullnullnullDnullnullWorst Case Housing Needs 2009. Thirteenth in the nullongstanding series of reports on nullorst nullase housing needsnullthis donullunullent provides nationanulldata and infornullation on nullritinullanullprobnullenulls fanulling nullonullnullinnullonulle Anullerinullan rentnull ing fanullinullies. The report dranulls on data fronullthe Anullerinullan nullousing Survey nullAnullSnull. The nullensus Bureau has nullondunullted the AnullS nullith nullnullD funding every nullyears sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullthe survey is a nulley sournulle of nationanulldata on housing nullarnulletsnullnullonditionsnulland dynanullinulls. As the nation snullonullnully enullerges fronulla deep renullessionnulla sharp innullrease in severe housnull ing probnullenulls has nullonulle into fonullus. nulln nullnullnullnullnullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion househonullds had nullorst nullase needsnullnullnullpernullent nullore than the nunullber nullust nullyears earnullier. These nullorst nullase needs househonullds are denullned as very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullho do not renulleive governnullent housing assistannulle and nullho either paid nullore than onenullhanullf of their innullonulle for rent or nullived in severenully inadenulluate nullonditionsnullor both. This report nullanulles nullnullear that nullorst nullase needs nullut anullross anullnullregions of the nullountrynullanullnullranullianulland ethninullgroupsnullboundaries of anullnull nullitiesnullsuburbsnulland ruranullareasnulland anullnullhousehonulld types. nulligh rents in proportion to renter innullonulles are an innullreasingnully donullinant nullause of nullorst nullase needs. Anullnullordingnullynullthe vunullnerabinullity of our poorest househonullds both to enullpnulloynull nullent shonullnulls and to the innullreased denulland for the nullost affordabnulle units inullnullustrates the inullportannulle of housing assistannulle as an enullononullinull ushion. nullnullD progranulls that provide rentanullassistannulle and spur the produnulltion of affordabnulle housing pnullay a nullritinullanullronulle in nullrenull ating stabnulle housing for very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. The renullent nationanullnullrises in housing and enullpnulloynullent nullend nenullurgennully to the nulluest to ensure that Anullerinullans are suitabnully housed so they nullan tanulle advantage of the opportunities afforded by our great nation. nullaphaenullW. Bostinull Assistant Senullretary for Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh Worst Case Housing needs 2009: report to Congress iii U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH ForeWord FORnullnullORD

Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research iv

Forenullord ......................................................................................................................iii Summary .....................................................................................................................vii Section null. nullnulltent and nullature of nullorst nullase nulleeds ..............................................null nullnulltent of Worst nullase nulleeds in nullnullnullnull ......................................................................null nullnadenulluate nullnnullonulle and nullnadenulluate nullousing ..................................................null nullnnullidennulle of Worst nullase nulleeds by nullnnullonulle ....................................................null nullronullth in Worst nullase nulleeds..........................................................................null Denullographinulls of Worst nullase nulleeds .....................................................................null nullanullenullnullthninullitynulland nullnullnulligration Status ..........................................................null Worst nullase nulleeds by nullousehonulld Type ..................................................................null Fanullinullies With nullhinulldren .....................................................................................null nullnulldernully nullousehonullds .........................................................................................null nullther Fanullinullies .................................................................................................null nullther nullonfanullinully nullousehonullds ..........................................................................null nullousehonullds nullnnullnulluding Peopnulle With Disabinullities ................................................null Sunullnullary ................................................................................................................null Section 2. Shortage of nullffordable Housing ............................................................null nulleography of Worst nullase nulleeds ...........................................................................null Worst nullase nulleeds and nullousing Assistannulle by nullegion and Metroponullitan Lonullation ..............................................................................................null nullnteranulltion of nullanullenullnullthninullity and Metroponullitan Lonullation ...............................nullnull nullonullthe Marnullet Anullnullonullates Affordabnulle nullousing on a nullationanullBasis ...............nullnull AffordabinullitynullAvainullabinullitynulland Adenulluanully of the nullationanullnullentanullStonullnull ............nullnull nullentanullStonullnullby nullnnullonulle ................................................................................nullnull nulleography of Suppnully ............................................................................................nullnull nullentanullStonullnullby Metroponullitan Lonullation..........................................................nullnull nullentanullStonullnullby nullegion .................................................................................nullnull v U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH Contents nullOnullnullnullnullnullS Worst Case Housing needs 2009: report to Congress

Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research vi Dynanullinulls of Suppnully ..............................................................................................nullnull Trends in nullationanullnullentanullStonullnull ....................................................................nullnull Trends in nullentanullStonullnullby Metroponullitan Lonullation ..........................................nullnull Summary .............................................................................................................nullnull Section null. Understanding the nullrend in nullorst nullase nulleeds.................................nullnull nullhanges in Affordabnulle nullousing Denulland ..............................................................nullnull nullousehonulld FornullationnullTenurenulland nullnnullonulle Fanulltors ......................................nullnull nullonulleonullnership nullrisis and nullenullession..........................................................nullnull nullhanges in the Affordabnulle nullousing Suppnully ..........................................................nullnull Vanullannully nullatesnullnullentsnulland nullonullpetition for nullnits .........................................nullnull nullonnullnulluding Sunullnullary ...........................................................................................nullnull nulliterature nullited .........................................................................................................nullnull nullppendinullnull. Data on Housing Problems and Supply of Affordable Housing .............................................................................................nullnull nullppendinullnull. Supplemental Exhibits ..........................................................................nullnull nullppendinullnull. Federal Housing Assistance and Affordable Housing Programs ........nullnull nullppendinullD. Previous Reports to Congress on Worst Case nulleeds .........................nullnull nullppendinullnull. Data and nullethodology .........................................................................nullnull

vii summary The nullS. Departnullnt of nullusing and nullban Devenullpnullnt nullnullnullnullds dranulltinullinnulleases in nullrst nullse housing needs nullnonull as nullorst nullse needsnull that nullt anulloss denullgraphinull groupsnullhousehonull typesnulland regions. null This rise in hardship is due to shrinnullng innullnulls and upnullrd pressure on rents nullused by gronullng nullnulletition for anulleadynullnullrnull affordabnull units. Worst nullse needs rose nullre sharpnull betnullen the nullnull Anullrinulln nullusing Survey nullnullnulland nullnull Anullnull null both in absonullte and pernullntage ternullnullthan in any previous nullyear period sinnull at nullast nullnull. During this nullnullnullonullnullnullperiodnullthe nunuller of renters enulleriennullng nullrst nullse needs nullnulled by nullre than null pernullntnullfronullnullnull to nullnull nullnullion. nullven the severenull nullanullenged enullnonullnullnullnditions that the nullited States has nullnfronted during the past severanullyearsnullpartinullnullrnull surrounding the housing nullrnulltnullit is not surprising that the need for housing assistannull nullntinues to outpanull the abinullty of federanull statenulland nullnullnullgovernnullnts to suppnull it. nullDnull Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress enullnullnes the nulluses of and trends in nullrst nullse needs for affordabnull rentanullhousing. Sharp nullncrease in nullorst nullase nulleeds Anullhough the innulldennull of nullrst nullse needs has nullnulluated during the past denulldenullthe overanull upnullrd trend is disturbingnullsinnull nullnullnullthe nunuller of nullses has innulleased by anullost null pernullntnullnonullrepresenting nullre than nullpernullnt of anull househonulls. Benulluse of these dranulltinull innulleasesnullnull pernullnt of the null.null nullnullion very nullnullinnullnull Anullrinulln renters had nullrst nullse needs in nullnull. Most of these renters had severe rent burdensnullpaying nullre than onenullanull of their innullnull for rentnullnullth inadenullate housing anullne anullounting for onnull nullpernullnt of nullses. Worst Case Housing needs 2009: report to Congress null The ternullnullorst nullse needsnullis denulled as very nullnullinnullnull renters nullth innullnulls benullnullnull pernullnt of the Area Median nullnullnull nullo do not renullive governnullnt housing assistannull and nullo either paid nullre than onenullanull of their innullnull for rent or nullved in severenull inadenullate nullnditionsnullor nullo fanulld both of these nullanullenges. nullDnulls estinulltes of nullrst nullse needs are based prinullrinull on data fronullthe Anull. null The Anull is nullndunulled betnullen May and Septenuller in oddnullunullered years. SUnullnullnullRnull U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH

nullorst nullase nulleeds nullffect nullll Demo graphic nullroups and Household nullypes null ranullanullor ethninullgroup is inullune to the rise in nullrst nullse needsnull but nullspaninullrenters enulleriennulld the nullrgest innullease in innulldennullnull in nullnullnullnull pernullnt of anull very nullnullinnullnull nullspaninullrenters fanulld this hardshipnullan nullpernullntagenulloint nullnull fronulltheir nullnull rate. Littnull evidennull indinulltes that inulligration has had a nullrge effenull on this innullease in nullrst nullse needs anullng the nullspaninullpopunulltion. nulleranullnull of renters burdened nullth nullrst nullse needsnullnonnullispaninullWhite rentnull ers represent about null pernullnt and nonnullispaninullBnullnull and nullspaninull renters eanull represent around null pernullnt. Linullnullsenullanull types of househonulls are affenulled by the innullease in nullrst nullse needs. Fanullnulles nullth nullinullren represent the highest proportionnull about null pernullntnull the nunuller of these fanullnulles nullth nullrst nullse needs grenullby nullnullnullnullfronullthe nullnull nullvenull outpanullng the innullease of very nullnullinnullnull househonulls in this nulltegory. The nenull nullst nullnullon househonull type enulleriennullng this hardshipnullat null pernullnt of anull nullsesnull nulls nullther nonfanullnullnull househonullsnull nullinull nullnullrise nonenullernull individuanull and unrenullted peopnull nullo share a housing unit. Very nullnullinnullnull renters of this househonull type had a higher innulldennullnullat null pernullntnullthan any other househonull type. Furthernullthe addition of nullnullnullnullother nonfanullnull househonulls during nullnullnullnullnull innulleased this nulltegorynull share fronullnull to null pernullnt of very nullnull innullnull renters. Anullhough this nulltegorynull share of nullrst nullse needs did not innullease in the sanull nullynullthis shift betnullen househonull types nullunull signanullthat individuanull are doubnullng up as a nully to nullpe nullth shrinnullng innullnulls and innulleasing rents. null nulldernull househonulls nullthout nullinullren and other fanullnull househonulls nullithout nullinullren or nullth adunull nullinullrennullanullo enulleriennulld signinullant innulleases in nullrst nullse needsnull partinullnullrnull in pernullntage ternullnullhonullvernullthese groups nullnullined onnull anullount for snullghtnull nullre than onenullourth of nullses. nullorst nullase nulleeds nullmong Households nullncluding People nullith Disabilities null nullnullnullnullre than null pernullnt of very nullnullinnullnull househonulls innulludnull ing nonenullernull peopnull nullth disabinullties had nullrst nullse needsnullanulluntnull ing to nullnullnullnullhousehonulls. The share of nullrst nullse needs reanulled as high as null pernullnt anullng fanullnulles nullth nullinullren innulluding peopnull nullth disabinullties and null pernullnt anullng other nonfanullnull househonulls innulluding peopnull nullth disabinullties. nullidennull fronullother data sournulls indinulltes that this estinullte is nullnullnull an undernullunt. The estinullte is based on nenulldirenull nullestions on disabinullties innulluded in the nullnull AnullS. Anullternative data fronull the Anullerinullan nullonullnullunity Surveynull honullevernull indinullte that the share of very nullnullinnullnull renters nullth disabinullties is null to null pernullnt higher than the Anull estinullte. nullD nullnull issue a nullre indepth suppnullnullntanullreport soon after the renullase of the nullre Worst Case Housing Needs 2009 report to disnullss the denullgraphinulland geographinullnullaranulleristinull of househonulls innulluding peopnull nullth disnull abinullties nullth nullrst nullse needs and to enullnullne differennulls in disabinullty estinulltes using various nullasures and sournulls of data. nulleography of nullorst nullase nulleeds Anullhough the nullnull Anull does not anullonullfor ananullsis at the nullvenullof individuanull nulltroponulltan areasnull it does distinguish betnullen three types of nullnulltionsnullentranull nulltiesnull suburbsnull and ruranull areasnullnd four geographinullregionsnullortheastnullMidnullstnullSouthnulland West. The innulldennull of nullrst nullse needs anullng the nationnull very nullnullinnullnull renters proves snullghtnull greater than the nationanullaverage in nullntranullnulltnull ies and the suburbs. Linullnullsenullthe pernullntage of those enulleriennullng this hardship is above average in the West and benullnullaverage in the nullrtheast and Midnullst. The innulldennull of nullrst nullse needs in the South is sinullnullr to the averagenullneverthenullssnullthe South has the highnull est nunuller of burdened renters by a signinullant nullrgin. Benulluse nullrst nullse needs are denulled in part by a nullnull of housing assistannullnullthe nullnullarative snullrnullty of housing assistannull in suburnull ban areas and in the West and South nullntributes to the high rates in those areasnullanullhough enullensive rents in the West anullo pnully a ronull. Shortage of nullffordable Housing The need to pay nullre than onenullanull of onenull innullnull on rent is the predonullnant nulluse of nullrst nullse needsnulland a nullnull of affordabnullnull avainullbnullnulland physinullnully adenullate rentanullunits is the nullin driver of these high rent burdens. nullits affordabnull for the poorest renters have nullnullr vanullnnull rates than those units affordabnull for higher innullnull groups benulluse the high denullnd and nullnullted suppnull nulluse greater nullnulletition for sunull units. nullgher innullnull renters onullupy about null pernullnt of the units that are affordabnull to enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull rentnull ersnullnullo earn nullss than null pernullnt of Area Median nullnullnull nullMnull. Furthernullhigher innullnull renters onullupy null pernullnt of the units that are affordabnull to renters nullo have innullnulls at null to null pernullnt of AMnull As a resunull of this nullnulletition and benulluse a substantianullproportion of avainullbnull units are not in standard or adenullate physinullnullnullnditionnull onnull null units of adenullatenullaffordabnull rentanullhousing are avainullbnull for every nullnullenullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters. For very nullnullinnullnull rentnull ersnullnull adenullate units are avainullbnull per nullnullrenters. This suppnull is nullre snullrnull in nullntranullnullties and suburbs than in ruranullareas and in the West than in other regionsnullneverthenullssnullthe nunuller of affordabnull units is far fronullsufnullient in any region. null null is notabnull that tnull singnull peopnull nullth very nullnullinnullnulls nullo begin to share housing nully nullintnull surpass the very nullnullinnullnull threshonull andnulltherebynullredunull the nunuller of very nullnull innullnull renters by tnull. As a resunullnulldoubnullng up nullunull be even nullre prevanullnt than the innullease in other nonfanullnull househonulls nullth very nullnullinnullnulls suggests. viii Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

ix U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH summary Affordabnull rentanullstonull avainullbinullty had been fairnull stabnull for nullnull of the past null years. Sinnull nullnullnullhonullvernullvunullerabnull renters have fanulld the tightest nullrnullt for affordabnull housing sinnull nullnull. Severanull nullnullr trends have nullnullined to nulleate these nullnditions. nullanullor nullauses of the nullncrease in nullorst nullase nulleeds The honullonullership nullisis and enullnonullnullrenullssion nullnullnull pnullyed a nullnullr ronull in rapidnull innulleasing nullrst nullse needs. Anullhough a variety of fanullors are at pnullynullinnulluding nullanges in househonull fornulltion and the renter share of househonullsnullnullst of the nullnullnullnullnullinnullease nulln be nullnnulld to three fanullors. null Renter income losses. An estinullted null pernullnt of the innullease in nullrst nullse needs is attributabnull to shrinnullng innullnulls. During nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull the nunullber of renters nullith very nullonull innullonulles innullreased by nullnull nullnullionnullor nullore than null pernullent. Manullor nullauses of denullnullines in rentersnullinnullnull nullre the rapid innullease in unenullnullynullnt during the renullssion and the persistennull of this unenullnullynullnt fonullonullng the renullssionnull ofnullianullend. 2. Rental assistance gap. Appronullnulltenull null pernullnt of the innullease in nullrst nullse needs during nullnullnullnullnullnulln be tied to a gronullng nullnull of rentanull assistannullnull no innullease in housing assistannull in proportion to the surge in very nullnullinnullnull renters onullurred. nullnull nulleases of unassisted very nullnullinnullnull renters anulluanully enulleeded innulleases of very nullnullinnullnull renters. null nullmpetition for affordable rental units. As disnullssed previnull ousnullnullnullnulletition for affordabnull units has pnullyed the biggest ronull in the innullease of nullrst nullse needsnullestinullted at about null pernullnt of the innullease. This nullnulletition nullads to dispnullnullnullntnullabsorpnull tion of vanullnnullesnull and upnullrd pressure on rents. Suppnull and denullnd fanullors nullused the nullan gross rent for very nullnullinnullnull renters to innullease by nullre than null pernullnt during nullnullnullnullnull in additionnullthe nunuller of vanullnt units affordabnull to thenulldropped by nullnullnullnull Anullthough AnullS data do not suggest that nullhanges in the renter share of househonulls have been a nully fanullornullevidennull fronullthe nullrrent Popunull nullation Survey indinullates that the honulleonullnership rate for house honullds nullth innullnulls benullnullthe AMnullfenull by nullnullpernullnt during nullnullnullnullnull nullnullonullership nullsses by very nullnullinnullnull and subprinull honullonullnull ers that added to the nunuller of renters nully have been offset in Anull data by honull purnullases by higher innullnull renters. nullonclusion Anullhough the pinullure of gronullng nullrst nullse needsnull in generanull is bnullanull there is reason to hope that nullrst nullse needs nully again denulline. The nullnulloenullnonullnullfanullors that nulleated great pressures for very nullnullinnullnull rentanullhousing are nullnullnull to ease as the rebound fronull renullssion anullenullrates. nullverthenullssnullnullen nullre than nullpernullnt of the nationnull househonulls enulleriennull this fornullof hardshipnullthe need for prioritizing assisted housing in nationanullponullnull denullberations has never been greater.

x Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research SnullnullnullnullOnull

1 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 1. extent and natuRe of WoRst Case needs nullnulltent of nullorst nullase nulleeds in 2nullnullnull nulln the nullontenullt of the renullent upheavanullin the null.S. housing nullarnullet and subsenulluent enullonull nonullinullrenullessionnullnulle enullanulline the nullatest nullnullnullnullAnullS data to understand the nullurrent dinullensions of nullhat nullas anullready a gronulling probnullenull. The basinullfanullts presented and enullanullined in the fonullnullonulling pages are thesenull null nulln nullnullnullnullnull .nullnull inullnullion renters had nullorst nullase needsnullas shonulln in enullhibit nullnullnull. These are renters nullith very nullonullinnullonulles null nullho nullanullnullhousing assistannulle and have either severe rent burdens or severenully inadenulluate housingnullor both. null The nunullber of nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnull has innull nullreased by nullnullpernullent fronull nullnullnullnullnullevenulls and by anullnullost nullnull pernullent fronull nullnullnullnull nullevenulls. null The prinullary probnullenull affenullnull ing nullorst nullase needs is rent burdennullinsufnullnullient tenant innullonulles renullative to rentanull nullosts. Severenully inadenulluate housing anullnullounts for onnully a snullanullnull franulltionnullnull.null pernull nullentnullof nullorst nullase needs. nullhe U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development nullHUDnull is the largest federal provider of affordable rental housing. Follonulling a renulluest by nullongress in nullnullnullnullnullHUDnulls Office of Policy Development and Research nullPDnullRnullhas been periodically reporting to nullongress on the severity of nullorst case housing needs nullnullnonulln here as nullnullorst case needsnullnullfor affordable rental housing as collected in the biennial nullmerican Housing Survey nullnullHSnull. null nullhis report is nullnullth in the series of core reports. null

extent and nature oF Worst Case needs PRnullORnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullRnullnullnullnullR nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS Tnullo types of priority probnullenulls nullonstitute nullorst nullase needs for federanullhousing assistannulle. null Severe rent burden nulleans a renter is paying nullore than onenullhanullf of his or her innullonulle for gross rent nullrent and utinullitiesnull. null Severenully inadenulluate housing refers to units having one or nullore serious physinullanull probnullenulls renullated to heatingnull pnullunullbingnull and enullenulltrinull systenulls or nullaintenannulle. nullProbnullenulls are nullisted in appendinullnull.null null The Anullrinulln nullusing Survey is nullndunulled betnullen May and Septenuller in oddnullunullered years. null The nullS. Departnullnt of nullusing and nullban Devenullpnullntnulls nullnullnullsnullnullnulle of Ponullnull Devenullpnullnt and nullsearnull nullDnullnull suppnullnullnts the nullre reports on nullrst nullse needs nullth periodinulltopinullnullreports. A forthnullnullng suppnullnullnt nullnull fonulls on nenull data about peopnull nullth disabinullties and nullrst nullse needs anullng househonulls innulluding these individuanull. For a nullst of previous titnullsnullsee nullrevious nullports to nullngress on Worst nullse nulledsnullin appendinullD. null The ternull nullery nullnullinnullnullnulland nullnullrenullnull nullnullinnullnullnullare used throughout this report to refer to the innullnull nullvenull of renters. Very nullnullinnullnulls are those no greater than null pernullnt of the Area Median nullnullnull nullMnull and enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnulls are those no greater than null pernullnt of AMnulltypinullnully benullnullthe poverty nullne. nullD progranull use AMnullnullnullunullted on the basis of nullnullnullfanullnull innullnullsnullnullth adnullstnullnts for househonull size. nulltionnulldenullthe nulldian innullnull nulls nullnullnullnullin nullnullnullpnullnullng the very nullnullinnullnull nullvenullat nullnullnullnullper year and the enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull nullvenullat nullnullnullnullper year. Anull these innullnull nullvenull are for a fanullnull of four. Fanullnulles nullth fenullr than four peopnullnullor nullo are nullving in areas nullth nullnullr fanullnull innullnullsnullnully have innullnulls far benullnullthese nationanullthreshonulls if they nullanullfy as very nullnull or enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull househonulls in their areas. For detainull about honullnullD sets innullnull nullnulltsnullsee httpnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullortanulldatasetsnullnullhtnull. nullSnullnullnullnullOnull

2 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research null The dranullatinullinnullrease in nullorst nullase needs during the nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullperiod null renullenullts the effenullts of the honulleonullnership and nullnannullianull rises. Mortgage forenullnullosuresnull idespread unenullpnulloynull nullentnulland shrinnulling renter innullonulles during the renullession added nullany nenullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullthose vunullnerabnulle to nullorst nullase needs. null Lonuller innullonulles affenullted nullorst nullase needs both direnulltnullynullby denull nullreasing innullonulles renullative to rentsnulland indirenulltnullynullby rapidnully innull nullreasing denulland and nullonullpetition for the nullost affordabnulle units and thereby raising rents. Sonullanullthough the popunullation of vunullnernull abnulle very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters grenullsubstantianullnullynullthe proportion of this popunullation that had nullorst nullase needs nullthe nullinnullidennullenullnull innullreased as nullenullnullduring the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. null Anullthough housing assistannulle prevented nullinullnullions of housing probnullenulls during nullnullnullnullnullthe suppnully of pubnullinullrentanullassistannulle nullas far fronulladenulluate to nullope nullith surging needsnulland indeed enullpanded very nullittnulle during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. With these basinullfanullts as the fonullusnullSenulltion nullenullpnullores the nullurrent enulltent of nullorst nullase needs and the denullographinull haranullteristinulls of those nullho have sunullh needs and the situations in nullhinullh they nullive. nullnadenullate nullncome and nullnadenullate Housing nullf the tnullo types of priority probnullenulls that nulluanullify as nullorst nullase needsnullsevere rent burden appears far nullore frenulluentnully than senull verenully inadenulluate housing. As enullhibit nullnullnullinullnullustratesnull null.nullpernullent of anullnullnullorst nullase rentersnullor null.nullnullnullinullnullionnullhad severe rent burdens in nullnullnullnull. Paying onenullhanullf of a nullinullited totanullinnullonulle for rent nulleaves very nullittnulle for other essentianullsnullsunullh as foodnull edinullanull arenulltransportation enullpensesnulledunullationnulland nullhinulldnullare. Severenully inadenulluate housing anullone triggers onnully null.nullpernullent of nullorst nullase needs. nullf renters nullith severe rent burdens are innullnulludednullthen null.nullpernullent nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullof nullorst nullase renters had severenully inadenulluate housing units. The snullanullnullfranulltion of nullorst nullase needs nullaused by severenully inadnull enulluate housing is the resunullt of a nullunulltidenullade trend of inullprovenullents to the nationnulls housing stonullnull. More stringent buinullding nullodes prenull vent nullonstrunulltion of units nullithout nullonullpnullete pnullunullbing or heating systenullsnulland additionanullobsonullete units are denullonullished eanullh year. nulleverthenullessnullthe housing stonullnullis nullontinuanullnully agingnulland severenully inadenulluate units nullontinue to pose threats to the nullife and heanullth of thousands of renters. null This range of dates renullnulls the tinull betnullen the nullnull Anull and the nullnull Anull. nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullROnullnullH nullnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull HOUSnullnullnull nullnullnullDSnull2 nullnullnull2nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnters W ith W orst nullse nulleds nullnullnullnull nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnull2. nullOSnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullRnull nullnullUSnullD nullnull SnullnullnullRnull Rnullnullnull nullURDnullnullSnull2 nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data Severely nulladenullate Housing nullly nullth Priority Problems Severe Rent nullrden nullly 2.null nullnull null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull

3 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 1. extent and natuRe of WoRst Case needs Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullhousandsnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Worst nullse needs renters nullhousandsnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Pernullnt of very nullnullinnullnull renters nullth nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null nullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullotal nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnull 2nullnullnull AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data null The nullnullernullnt nullnnullennull intervanullfor the nullnull estinullte of nullrst nullse needs is nullnullnullto nullnullnullnullnullionnullnullinull does not overnullp nullth the nullnull nullnnullennull intervanullof nullnullnullto nullnullnull nullnullion. See the fonullonullng footnote for a funuller disnullssion. null When ananullzing nullnull resunullsnullnullD nulls unabnull to nullndunull sophistinullted tests of statistinullnullsigninullannull that nullunull tanull into anullount the Anull panenulldesign. Benulluse the Anull sanullnulls the sanull housing units in nullnullipnull yearsnullthe sanullnulls are not independent fronullyear to yearnulland nullnnullennull intervanull for the nullange in nullans are nullrger than sinullnull statistinullnulltests inullnull. nullD and the nullnsus Bureaunullhonullvernullpreviousnull used a nullre stringent nullthod in assessing the nullnullnullnullnullnullange. That test indinullted that a nullnullnullnullnullnullange in innulldennull anulloss anull nullS. househonulls nulls signinullant at the nullnullernullnt nullnnullennull nullvenullif it enulleeded nullnullnullpernullntage points nullnullnullnullnullnull The resunull of this earnuller test is strongnull suggestive but not nullnnullusive that the nullnullnullnullnullinnullease of nullnull pernullntage points in overanull innulldennull easinull is statistinullnully signinullant. nullHnullnull nullnullOUnull HOnullnullnullnullSS PnullRSOnullSnull nullonullenulless individuanulls and fanullinullies nullnullearnully have nullorst nullase needs for housing assistannulle. nullonullenulless peopnullenull honullevernull are not innullnulluded in ofnullnullianullestinullatesnullbenullause the Anullerinullan nullousing Survey nullovers onnully housing units and the househonullds nullho nullive in thenullnulland honullenulless popunullations are anullnullays difnullnullunullt to survey or nullount. nulln the nullost renullent Annual Homeless Assessment Report to nullongressnull nullnullD estinullated that nullnullnullnullnullnullnull shenulltered and unshenulltered peopnulle nullere honullenulless at a singnulle point in tinulle during nullnullnullnullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnullnullnull. This estinullate renullenullts nullontinuing inullprovenullents in nullonullenulless Managenullent nullnfornullation Systenulls operated by a nationanullnetnullornullof honullenulless servinulle providers. More renulliabnulle honullenulless data innullreasingnully anullnullonull for sunullh estinullates to infornullananullysis of nullorst nullase housing needs. Sourcenull nullnullDnullnullPD nullnull nullnull nullncidence of nullorst nullase nulleeds by nullncome nulln nullnullnullnullnull tnullo out of three renters nullith nullorst nullase needs had enulltrenullenully nullonullinnullonulles. The predonullinannulle of severe rent burden as a nullause of nullorst nullase needs highnullights the inullportannulle of househonulld innullonulles to the probnullenull. As shonulln in enullhibit nullnullnullnullthe null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnullonullnullurred nullithin a universe of nullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. These estinullates renullenullt an overanullnullinnullidennulle of nullnull.null pernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters having nullorst nullase needs. Very nullonullnullinnullonulle househonulldsnullhonullevernullnullonullprise tnullo subgroupsnull the enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle househonullds nullho have innullonulles at nullto nullnullpernullent of Area Median nullnnullonulle nullAMnullnullnulland the higher innullonulle househonullds nullith innullonulles in the range of nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnull. Most very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullnull.nullpernullentnullare in the enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle nullategory. nulln nullnullnullnullnullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion renters had innullonulles at nullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullnullonullpared nullith null.nullnullnullinullnullion renters nullith innull nullonulles at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnull. nullnulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters anullnullounted for null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullases of nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnullnull ith nullnull.nullpernullent of renters in this poornull est group having severe housing probnullenulls. nullenters in the nullnullnullnullnull pernullent of AMnullgroup had null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullases of nullorst nullase needs. Thusnullthe innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs anullong the highernullinnullonulle groupnullat nullnull.nullpernullentnull as nullittnulle nullore than onenullhanullf as great as the innullidennulle for enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. nulln nullnullnullnullnullthe enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle group had both greater nunullbers and higher innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs than the nullnullnullnullnullpernullent of AMnullgroup. As a resunulltnulla substantianull anulloritynull null.nullpernullentnullof anullnull nullorst nullase needs onullnullurred to those nullith innullonulles benullonull nullpernullent of AMnull. nulln Senulltion nullnullnulle enullpnullore further the renullative inullportannulle of fanulltors sunullh as nullhanges in the nunullbers and innullonulles of very nullonullnull innullonulle renters. nullronullth in nullorst nullase nulleeds The nunullber of nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnullnull .nullnull inullnullionnullis nullore than nullnullpernullent greater than the nunullber nullust nullyears earnullier during nullnullnullnull. nullnullDnulls nullnullnullnullestinullate of null.nullnull inullnullion nullorst nullase needs nullas not signull ninullnullantnully different than the null.nullnull inullnullion renullorded in nullnullnullnull. nulln nullontrastnull the innullrease of null.nullnull inullnullion during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod easinully satisnull nulles the basinulltest for statistinullanullsigninullnullannulle. null

The nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullinnullrease in nullorst nullase needs enulltended and anullnullenullernull ated the upnullard trend that has been onullnullurring sinnulle nullnullnullnull. Betnulleen nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullnullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion renters nullith nullorst nullase needs have been addednullan innullrease of nearnully nullnullpernullent. Worst nullase needs anullso are innullreasing as a pernullentage of null.S. housenull honullds. During the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnullthe overanullnullinnullidennulle innullreased by a funullnullpernullentage pointnullfronullnull.nullto null.nullpernullent. This innullrease is statistinullanullnully signinullnullant as nullenullnull. null

4 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research Anull househonulls nullinullionsnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull.nullnull nullnullnull.nullnull nullnters nullth nullrst nullse needs nullinullionsnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null.nullnull null.nullnull Worst nullse needs as pernullnt of anull househonulls nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.nullnullnull null.nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullRnullnullD OF nullnullnullRnullnullSnullnullnull nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullS nullnullnullnullnullDnullD nullnullD nullnullnullnullnullnullRnullnullnullD nullnull 2nullnullnull null The estinullted innulleases in nullrst nullse needs enulleed sinullnull tests of statistinullnullsigninullannull nullgnoring the nullnull of independennull of the sanullnullsnullfor White and nullspaninullrentersnullbut not for Bnullnull renters. Benulluse the probnullnullof nullrst nullse needs prinullrinull invonulles nullnulling sufnullient units nullth affordabnull rents for renters nullth very nullnullinnullnullsnull the renullinder of this senullion enullnullnes the denullgraphinull of the rentnull ers nullo have these probnullnull. ThennullSenullion nullenullnullres the dinullnnull sions of inadenullate suppnull of affordabnull rentanullunitsnulland Senullion null sunullarizes and integrates suppnull and denullnd issues to shed nullght on the root nulluses of the gronullng nullrst nullse needs probnullnull Demographics of nullorst nullase nulleeds Racenullnullthnicitynulland nullmmigration Status Worst nullse needs for affordabnull housing persist anulloss ranullanulland ethninullnullnes. As the nationnull popunulltion benullnulls nullre diversenullthe probnullnull are found anullng anull nullnullunities. Sinullnullrities and differnull ennulls do enullstnullnonethenullssnullanullng the three nullrgest groups denulled by ranull and ethninullty. During nullnullnull nullst nullrst nullse needs nullntinued to affenull nonnull nullspaninullWhite rentersnullnullth snullnuller shares affenulling nonnullispaninull Bnullnull rentersnullnullspaninullrentersnulland other renters. The shares apnull pronullnullte the representation of these groups anullng very nullnullinnullnull renters. Togethernullthe three nullrgest ranullnullthninullty groups anullounted for null.nullpernullnt of nullrst nullse needs in nullnull. null ternull of innulldennullnullthe order differs. nullhibit nullnullinullustrates that nullspaninullvery nullnullinnullnull renters had the highest innulldennull of nullrst nullse needs in nullnullnullnullth null.nullpernullnt. White renters had the nenull highest innulldennullnullnullth null.nullpernullntnullfonullonulld by Bnullnull rentersnullnullth null.nullpernullnt. null The high innulldennull anullng nullspaninullrenters during nullnull renullnulls a strinullng innullease of nullnullpernullntage points fronullthe nullnull rate. White and Bnullnull renters enulleriennulld snullnuller innulleases of nullnulland nullnullpernull nullntage pointsnullrespenullivenull. null nullntrast to the inullortannull of higher innulldennull for nullspaninullnullfor Bnullnull rentersnullthe nullre inullortant fanullor in nullnull nulls the innullease in the nunuller of vunullerabnull very nullnullinnullnull rentersnull During the nullnullnullnullnullperiodnullthe nunuller of very nullnullinnullnull renters innulleased by null.nullpernullnt for nonnullispaninullBnullnulls nullnullared nullth nullnullpernullnt gronullth for nonnullnullispaninull Whites and null.nullnullpernullent gronullth for nullispaninulls. The varying enulleriennulls of BnullnullnullWhitenulland nullspaninullrenters durnull ing the nullnullnullnullnullrenullssionary period nully renullnull variations in their nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. SHnullRnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnull Rnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullHnullnullnullnullnullnullnull2 nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullnnullispanic White nullnnullispanic nullacnull Hispanic nullher null.null 2nullnull 22.null null2null

5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT | OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH SECTION 1. EXTENT AND NATURE OF WORST CASE NEEDS 8 Other factors that might have contributed to differences in worst case needs among groups during the recessionary period include involvement with the subprime mortgage market and foreclosures, and variations in occupations and industries (for example, construction). A detailed analysis of such factors is beyond the scope of this report. 9 null the Anull, nullouseholdernullrefers to the reference person who is responding to the survey, not necessarily to the head of household. EXHIBIT 1-6. VERY LOW-INCOME RENTERS AND WORST CASE NEEDS BY RACE/ ETHNICITY, 2007–2009 Sounullnullnullnull null.null. nullepartment of nullousing and nullrban nullevelopment, Ofnullce of nullolicy nullevelopment and nullesearch, tabulations of American nullousing nullurvey data 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2007 2009 2007 2009 2007 2009 nullery nullwnullncome nullnters nullorst nullse nulleds nullnters (nullnullnull Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black Hispanic EXHIBIT 1-7. SHARE OnullWORST CASE NEEDS BY HOnullSEHOLD TYnullE, 2009 Sounullnullnullnull null.null. nullepartment of nullousing and nullrban nullevelopment, Ofnullce of nullolicy nullevelopment and nullesearch, tabulations of American nullousing nullurvey data Elderly Without Children

Other nullnulllies Other Nonnullnullly nullnulllies With Children 1null7null null9null null.null null.null geographic locations, which we examine in connection with rental housing markets in nullction null 8 Although the rate of immigration, especially nullspanic immigration, has been strong during the past decade, little evidence indicates that it has a disproportionate bearing on worst case needs. null nullnull, house null holders 9 who are naturalinulld citinullns accounted for nullnullpercent of worst case needs, proportional to their nullnullpercent share of unas null sisted very lownullncome households. nullkewise, noncitinulln household null ers constituted null.8 percent of worst case needs, slightly less than their null.nullpercent share of unassisted very lownullncome households. Among unassisted very lownullncome renters, the incidence of worst case needs is null.nullpercent for noncitinulln householders and null.null percent for naturalinulld citinullns. Across both immigrant groups, the average incidence of worst case needs among unassisted very lownull income renters is null.nullpercent, nearly identical to the null.nullpercent rate for nullnull native householders. Among nullspanic immigrants, the incidence is slightly lower, at null.nullpercent of unassisted very lownull income renters. WonullnullnullCnullnullnullNnullnullnullnullnullnullHounullnullnullonullnullTnullnullnull nullhe composition of different households renullects variations in their stage of life, income and resources, and housing needs. nullost worst case needs affect families with children, followed by nonfamily renter households, elderly renters, and other families. nullxhibit nullnull8 provides greater detail, showing the number of very lownull income renters and worst case needs among these household types in nullnullnullnulland nullnullnull9. nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullWnullnullnullCnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullorst case needs are an increasing problem for families with chilnull dren. nulln nullnullnull9, the number of renters with children and very low incomes increased by nullnullnull,nullnullnullfrom the nullnullnullnulllevel. nullhe number of worst case needs for this group grew even more substantially, increasing by nullnullnull,nullnullnullcases over the same period. Among very lownull income renters with children, the nullnull.nullnullpercent incidence of worst case needs is up sharply from the nullnull.nullnullpercent incidence in nullnullnullnull. nullithout housing assistance, worst case needs would be substannull tially higher. Among very lownullincome renters with children, null.null9 million (nullnull.nullpercent) have rental assistance, and therefore cannot have worst case needs by denullnition. EnullnullnullnullnullnullHounullnullnullonullnullnull nullnullnulldenullnes elderly households as those having a household head or spouse who is at least nullnullyears of age and no children under null8 years of age. nulluring nullnullnull9, null.nullnull million elderly renters had worst case needs, an increase of nullnullnull,nullnullnullfrom the nullnullnullnullestimate. nulln nullnullnull9, the incidence of worst case needs among elderly very lownullincome rentnull ers was nullnull.nullpercent, which is slightly less than the rate for families with children but is slightly higher than the nullnull.nullnullpercent rate recorded in nullnullnullnull. 2,919 7,null7 nullnullnull null051 1,null5 null0null 1,null0 nullnullnull 1,2null null297 1,5null nullnullnull

Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress

6 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research Other Families After anullnullounting for fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren and enulldernullynullheaded housenull honulldsnullother renter househonullds nullan be divided into those nullith fanullinully renullationships and those nullithout. nullnullther fanullinulliesnullinnullnullude househonullds sunullh as nullarried nulloupnulles nullho are nullhinulldnulless or have adunullt nullhinulldren at honullenulladunullt sibnullings sharing an apartnullentnullor househonullders boardnull ing an enulldernully parent. As sunullhnullnullother fanullinulliesnullis a nullategory that is affenullted by doubnullingnullup behavior nullthat isnullreverse househonulld fornullanull tionnullduring tinulles of enullononullinullstress. nullnullther fanullinulliesnullnullonstitute the snullanullnullest nullategory shonulln in enullhibit nullnullnullnull representing null.nullnull nullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnull of nullhonull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullhad nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnull. nullnullther fanullinulliesnullthus anullnull nullount for onnully null.nullpernullent of nullorst nullase needs. Their innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needsnullhonullevernullat nullnull.nullpernullentnullenullnulleeds the rates for both fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren and enulldernully househonulldsnulland it represents a dranullatinullinnullrease fronullthe nullnull.nullnullpernullent rate renullorded in nullnullnullnull. Other nullonfamily Households nulln nullnullnullnullnull ore than null.nullnull inullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullere nullother nonfanullinullynullhousehonulldsnull anulling this the senullondnullnullargest nullategory afnull ter fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren. These renters nullonullprise individuanulls nullnullnull.null pernullentnullsee tabnulle Anullnullanulland unrenullated peopnulle sharing a housing unit. Worst nullase needs anullong these renters nunullbered null.nullnull inullnullionnull for an innullidennulle of nullnull.nullpernullentnullthat is the highest anullong the four househonulld nullategories. nullonullevernullthe innullrease in innullidennulle fronull null.null pernullent in nullnullnullnullis snullanullnuller than the innullreases seen anullong fanullinully househonulldsnulleither nullith or nullithout nullhinulldren. The addition of nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullother nonfanullinulliesnullduring the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull period innullreased their share fronullnullnull.nullto nullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnull nullUnullSnullnullOnullS nullnullOUnull DnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS nullnull nullHnull 2nullnullnull nullnullnullRnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SURnullnullnull null Are you deaf or have serious difnullnullunullty hearingnull null Are you bnullind or have serious difnullnullunullty seeingnulleven nullhen nullearing gnullassesnull null Benullause of a physinullanullnull nullentanullnull or enullotionanull nullonditionnull does anyone in this househonulld have serious difnullnullunullty nullonnullentratingnullrenullenullberingnullor nullanulling denullisionsnull null Does anyone in this househonulld have serious difnullnullunullty nullanullnulling or nullnullinullbing stairsnull null Does anyone in this househonulld have serious difnullnullunullty dressing or bathingnull null nullFor anullnullpersons nullnullyears and onulldernullBenullause of a physinullanullnull nullentanullnull or enullotionanull nullonditionnull does anyone in this househonulld have difnullnullunullty doing errands anullone sunullh as visiting a donulltornulls ofnullnulle or shoppingnull Sourcenull nullnullD PDnullnullnullnull nullnull innullonulle renters. Anullthough their share of nullorst nullase needs did not innullrease in the sanulle nullaynullthe innullrease in nullother nonfanullinulliesnullas a proportion of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullounulld signanullthat individuanulls are doubnulling up as a nullay to nullope nullith shrinnulling innullonulles and innull nullreasing rents. nullt is notabnulle that tnullo singnulle individuanulls nullith very nullonullinnullonulles nullho begin to share housing nullay nullointnully surpass the very nullonullnullinnullonulle threshonulldnullthereby redunulling the nunullber of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters by tnullo. As a resunulltnulldoubnulling up nullounulld be even nullore prevanullent than the innullrease in nullother nonfanullinulliesnullnullith very nullonullinnullonulles suggests. Households nullncluding People nullith Disabilities Worst nullase needs nullan be espenullianullnully troubnullesonulle for househonullds innullnulluding peopnulle nullith disabinullities. Disabinullities nullan redunulle enullpnulloynull nullent options and nullanulle it nullore difnullnullunullt to nullnd suitabnulle housing at a reasonabnulle nullost. nullntinullrenullentnullynullthe onnully nullethod of identifying peonull pnulle nullith disabinullities using AnullS data nullas to nulloonullfor innullonulle sournulles assonulliated nullith peopnulle nullith disabinullitiesnullsunullh as sonullianullsenullurity or disabinullity paynullents. nullnullD used these innullonulle pronullies in past reports on nullorst nullase needsnulleven though the pronullies have been shonulln to undernullount peopnulle nullith disabinullities nullnullnullDnullPDnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullver the yearsnull nullD has nullornulled to nullanulle estinullates of nullorst nullase needs betnull ter and nullore prenullisenullpartinullunullarnully anullong peopnulle nullith disabinullities. Beginning nullith the nullnullnullnull AnullSnull respondents are asnulled direnulltnully nullhether househonulld nullenullbers have any of sinulltypes of disabinullitiesnull nullhinullh innullnullude four basinull funnulltionanull nullinullitationsnullvisuanullnull hearingnull nullognitivenull and anullbunullatorynulland difnullnullunullties nullith anulltivities of dainully nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull nullnullD nullROnullnullH OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull 2nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullnullnull nullnullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Very Lonullnullnullnull nullnters Worst nullse nulleds nullnters nullnullnullnull Families With Children Elderly Without Children nullher Families nullher nullnfamily nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull

7 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 1. extent and natuRe of WoRst Case needs nulliving—senullfnullnullare and independent nulliving. nullnull This vanulluabnulle nullapabinullity of the nullnullnullnullAnullS survey enabnulles nullnullD to estinullate direnulltnully nullorst nullase needs for househonullds innullnulluding nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullitiesnull thereby avoiding nullinullitations of the innullonullenullbased pronullies. Peopnulle nullith disabinullities are found anullong anullnullfour househonulld types disnullussed previousnully. nulln nullnullnullnullnullnull.nullpernullent of anullnullhousehonullds and nullnull.nullpernullent of anullnullrenters innullnulluded nonenulldernully peopnulle nullnull reporting at nulleast one of the sinull easures of disabinullities. nullf the null.nullnull inullnullion renter househonullds nullith nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnullnullanullnullost nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullor nullnull.null pernullentnullinnullnullude one or nullore nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullities. Anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters that innullnullude nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullitiesnullthe innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs averages nullnull.nullpernull nullent. The innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs reanullhes as high as nullnull.null pernullent anullong fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren innullnulluding peopnulle nullith disabinullinull tiesnulland anullso enullnulleeds onenullthird of nullothernullhousehonullds that innullnullude nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullities. Anullthough these nenulldirenullt nulleasures of disabinullity are nullnullearnully an inullnull provenullent fronullthe past pronully nulleasuresnullevidennulle fronullother data sournulles suggests that the estinullate of renters nullith nullorst nullase needs that innullnullude peopnulle nullith disabinullities is nullinullenully an undernullount. Anullternanull tive data fronullthe Anullerinullan nullonullnullunity Survey indinullates that the share of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith disabinullities nullan be nullnullto nullnull pernullent higher than the AnullS estinullate. nullt is the innullidennulle anullong the disabnulled popunullation rather than the prenullise estinullation of nullorst nullase needs that is nullrunullianullfor nullanulling nullonullparisons anullross different data sournulles and enullanullining trends in this inullportant ponullinully area. Anullthough the nenullAnullS disabinullity nulluesnull tions do not yet support a trend ananullysisnullthe innullonullenullpronully nulleasure used previousnully nullan infornullus of trends in nullorst nullase needs anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith disabinullities. nulln nullnullnullnullnull null.nullpernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullho nullere found to innullnullude peopnulle nullith disabinullities through use of the innullonulle pronully had nullorst nullase needs. This rate nullas null.nullpoints higher than the nullnullnullnullinnull nullidennulle nullnullnull.nullpernullentnulland null.nullpoints higher than the nullnullnullnullinnullidennulle nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull. nullnull

Based on the innullonulle pronullynullthe nullarge innullrease in the nunullber of nullorst nullase needs househonullds overanullnullduring the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod nullas not nullatnullhed by a proportionanullinnullrease in the nunullber of nullorst nullase needs househonullds that innullnullude peopnulle nullith disabinullities. Worst nullase needs anullong househonullds that innullnullude peopnulle nullith disabinullities grenullby nullnull.nullpernullentnullsubstantianullnully nulless than the nullnull.nullnullpernullent innull nullrease in nullorst nullase needs overanullnull. As a resunulltnullfronull nullnullnullto nullnullnullnullnull the innullidennulle of disabinullities anullong renters nullith nullorst nullase needs denullreased fronullnullnull.nullto nullnull.nullpernullent. nulln order to give the issue of nullorst nullase needs anullong peopnulle nullith disabinullities nullore indepth ananullysisnullin nullnullnullnullnullnullD nullinullnullissue a suppnullenull nullent to the nullorst nullase needs report. The suppnullenullent nullinullnullenullanulline honullthe AnullSnulls direnullt nulluestions on disabinullity nullonullpare nullith nulleasures based on innullonullenull ananullyze the differennulles in disabinullity estinullates based on different nulleasures and data sournullesnulland disnulluss the denull ographinulland geographinullnullharanullteristinulls of nullorst nullase needs for househonullds innullnulluding peopnulle nullith disabinullities. null The spenullnull Anull nullestions about disabinullty are donullnullnted as additions to the Anull nulldeboonull See nullDnullDnull nullnullnull. null The ananullysis is nullinullited to nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullities benullause a nullarge proportion of enulldernully peopnulle suffer fronull inullpairnullents and anulltivity nullinullitations as a predinulltabnulle nullonsenulluennulle of aging. nulltenullhonullvernullthat nonenullernull peopnull nullth disabinullties nully be found in enullernull headed househonullsnulland that these individuanull are not identinullbnull nullth pronullnullased nullthods. null These estinulltes differ fronullpreviousnull pubnullshed estinulltes benulluse they innullude nonenullernull adunulls nullth disabinullties found anullng fanullnulles nullth nullinullren. Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Worst nullse needs nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Pernullntage nullth nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null Pernullntage having nonenullernull persons nullth disabinullties null.null nullnull null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull null Very nullnullinnullnull renters having nonenullernull persons nullth disabinullties nullnull null nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Worst nullse needs null.null null.null nullnull nullnull nullnull Pernullntage nullth nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data Family nullth nullildren nullderly nullthout nullildren Other Families Other nullnfamily nullotal nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnullD PRnullSnullnullnullnull OF nullOnullnullnullDnullRnullnull PnullOPnullnull nullnullnullH DnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnull

8 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research Summary Worst nullase needs for affordabnulle rentanullhousing are a nullarge and gronullnull ing probnullenull. nulln nullnullnullnullnullof the nullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters susnulleptibnulle to severe rent burdens and severenully inadenulluate housnull ingnullnull.nullnullnullinullnullionnullnullnull.nullpernullentnullfanulled one or both of those probnull nullenulls nullithout housing assistannulle. The nunullber of nullorst nullase needs innullreased sharpnully and signinullnullantnully sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullnullhen null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullorst nullase needs nullere estinullated. Furthernullthe nunullber of nullorst nullase needs has been nullnullinullbing for nullany years. Sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullthe nunullber of nullorst nullase needs has gronulln by nullnullpernullentnullenullpanding fronull .nullto null.nullpernullent of anullnullhousehonullds in the nation. Worst nullase needs have gronulln even as severenully inadenulluate housing has benullonulle nulless prevanullent. nulln nullnullnullnullnullseverenully inadenulluate housing nullas the sonulle nullause of onnully null.nullpernullent of nullorst nullase needsnullnullhinulle nullnull.null pernullent of nullorst nullase needs nullere triggered sonullenully by severe rent burdensnulland null.nullpernullent by both probnullenulls. For very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullno ranullianullor ethninullgroup enullanullinednulland no househonulld nullonullpositionnullis enullenullpt fronull orst nullase needs. Fronull nullnullnullnull to nullnullnullnullnull nullorst nullase needs innullreased anullong nonnullnullispaninull White renters nullnullith a null.nullnullpoint innullrease to nullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnull innullonulle rentersnullnullnonnullnullispaninullBnullanullnullrenters nullnull.nullnullpoint innullrease to nullnull.nullpernullentnullnulland espenullianullnully rapidnully anullong nullispaninulls nullnull.nullnullpoint innull nullrease to nullnull.nullpernullentnull. Differing enullperiennulles of ranullianulland ethninull groups during the renullessionary period nullay resunullt fronulldifferennulles in nullonullationnullsubprinulle nullortgage invonullvenullentnulland enullpnulloynullent situnull ations. Anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullorst nullase needs are prevanullent anullong fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullenulldernully househonullds nullithnull out nullhinulldren nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullother fanullinully househonullds nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnull and other nonfanullinully househonullds nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnull hinullh innullnullude singnulle adunullts and roonullnullates. Fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren anullnullount for the nullargest share of nullorst nullase needsnull null.nullpernullentnullfonullnullonulled by other nonfanullnull inully renters at nullnull.nullpernullent. And anullthough other fanullinullies nullonstitute a renullativenully snullanullnull ategorynulltheir innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs is nullnull.null points higher than it nullas in nullnullnullnull. Worst nullase needs onullnullurred for nullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters innullnulluding nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullities in nullnullnullnullnullbenullonull the overanullnullinnullidennulle of nullnull.nullpernullent anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentnull ers. Based on innullonullenullbased pronulliesnullthe innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs anullong disabnulled renters innullreased by null.nullpernullentage points fronullthe nullnullnullnullrate. Senulltion null inullnullenullanulline honullthe broad probnullenullof nullorst nullase needs is nullaused by shortages of affordabnulle housingnulland nullitigated by asnull sisted housingnullin nationanulland regionanullnullarnullets. SnullnullnullnullOnull

9 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing nullationanullnullynullonnully nullnullaffordabnulle units enullist for every nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. Fenuller than nullnullaffordabnulle units are avainullabnulle for onullnullupannully for every nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnull innullonulle renters. The geography of nullorst nullase needs and housing assistannulle sets a foundation for understanding nullonullpetition for affordabnulle rentanullhousing. There is an innull adenulluate suppnully of affordabnulle rentanullunits avainullabnulle to very nullonullnullinnullonulle andnullespenullianullnullynull to enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. This shortage is nullorsened by the pronulless of dispnullanullenull nullent by higher innullonulle renters. A nullnanullbnullonullis that a signinullnullant portion of the affordabnulle stonullnullis physinullanullnully inadenulluate and nullay pose threats to onullnullupants. nulleography of nullorst nullase nulleeds nullousing nullarnullets are nullonullanull arnullets. And perhaps even nullore than nulleanullthier rentersnullvery nullonullnulland enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullay nullnd their nullhoinulle of housing units nullinullited to those in their nullonullanullnullonullnullunities and neighborhoods. As a nationanullsurveynullthe AnullS does not support biennianullestinullates of nullorst nullase needs for individuanullnulletroponullitan areas. nullnull nullt doesnullhonullevernullsupport an enullanullination of three types of nulletroponullitan nullonullationsnullnullentranullnullitynullsuburbnulland nonnulletroponullitan or ruranullarnull easnulland four geographinullregionsnullnullortheastnullMidnullestnullSouthnulland West. This spatianull ananullysisnullanullthough at a high nullevenullnullprovides nullonsiderabnulle detainullto the nationanullpinullture of nullorst nullase needs. nullorst nullase nulleeds and Housing nullssistance by Region and nulletropolitan nullcation A nulley aspenullt of the denullnition of nullnullorst nullase needsnullis that it nullan be understood as an indinullator of need for affordabnulle housing. Benullause rentanullhousing nullith deep pubnullinull subsidies fanullnulls into the nullaffordabnullenullrangenullthe denullnition of nullorst nullase needs enullnullnulludes renters nullith housing assistannulle. Thereforenullenullanullining the spatianulldistribution of housing assistannulle and of nullorst nullase needs together provides infornullation about the enulltent to nullhinullh assistannulle is nullitigating severe housing probnullenulls. nullnullhibit nullnullnullshonulls the distribution of the nationnulls nullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters anullross the three nulletroponullitan nullategories and four nullensus regions. nulln a regionanullbasisnull sHortage oF aFFordable Housing null Through nullnullnullnullD and the nullnsus Bureau have nullndunulled periodinullAnull nulltroponulltan surveys to suppnullnullnt the nationanullAnull. Beginning in nullnullnullthe nationanullAnull nullnull innullrporate nulltroponulltan oversanullnulls to provide nulltroponulltan data nullre frenullentnull. 2SnullnullnullnullOnull

10 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research null Anull estinulltes of assisted very nullnullinnullnull renters renull on senullnulleported datanullbut they renullnull renullnt inullrovenullnts in data renullabinullty. For nullnullarisonnullnullD adnullnistrative data for nullnull shonullnullnull nullnullion assisted househonullsnullbased on nullnull nullnullion units of Senullion nullassistannullnullnullnull nullnullion units of pubnullnullhousing nullet of nullpernullnt vanullnnullnull nullnull nullnullion units of housing for enullernull and disabnulld individuanullnulland nullnull nullnullion units of nullMnulltenantnullased assistannull nullnullnullnullnullnull Sonull nullDnullssisted renters nully have innullnulls above the very nullnullinnullnull threshonull if their innullnulls innulleased after progranulladnullssion. null nullgh rents introdunull the nullestion of nullether enough rentanullunits are avainullbnull at Fair Marnullt nullnt nullMnull to nullnull housing vounullers an adenullate ponullnull response to affordabnull housing shortfanulls. The suppnullnullntanulltabnull Bnull in appendinullB addresses the enullent of housing suppnull on a regionanullbasis. Anullhough enough affordabnull units enullst in eanull regionnullthe nunuller of avainullbnull units in eanull region is sufnullient to house onnull nullnullnullpernullnt of the renters nullo nulln afford rents no higher than the FMnull For renters nullo are attenullting to nulld a unit nullth a nullusing nulloinull Vounullernullthe housing nullanullty standards of that progranullinullnull that those rentersnullsunulless nullnull depend upon the prevanullnnull of nulldenullatenullunits in their areanullousing that is not nullrenull affordabnull and avainullbnull units. nullost very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnull.nullnull inullnullionnullare found in the Southnull fonullnullonulled by sinullinullar shares of null.nullnull inullnullion eanullh in the nullortheast and Midnullestnulland null.nullnullnullinullnullion in the West. nullentranullnullities are honulle to null.nullnullnullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullfonullnullonulled nullnullosenully by suburbs nullith null.nullnullnullinullnullion and nonnulletroponullitan areas nullith null.nullnullnullinullnullion. Linulle very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnull orst nullase needs are nullonullnullon in evnull ery region and nulletroponullitan nullategory anullross the nation. As a nationanull averagenullnullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters have nullorst nullase needs. The innullidennulle is snullightnully higher than the nationanullaverage in the Westnullabout the sanulle in the Southnulland nullarginanullnully nullonuller in the nullortheast and Midnullest. Loonulling anullross nulletroponullitan nullategoriesnullthe innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs is snullightnully greater than the nationanullaverage in nullentranullnullities and suburbs and benullonullaverage in nonnulletroponullitan areas. nullnullhibit nullnullnullanullso denullonstrates the inullportant ronulle pnullayed by housing assistannulle in redunulling nullorst nullase needs. nulln a nationanullbasisnull .nullnull nullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullnull.null pernullentnullreport renulleiving housing assistannulle and nullnull.nullpernullent have nullorst nullase needs. Thusnull null.nullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters have nullorst nullase needs for every nullthat is assisted. nullnull

Benullause nullost assisted househonullds nullounulld othernullise enullperiennulle nullorst nullase needsnullit is nullorth observing that housing assistannulle is renullativenully nulless nullonullnullon in the suburbsnullnullhere onnully nullnull.nullpernullent of these renters are assisted. The prevanullennulle of housing assistannulle anullso varies on a regionanullbasisnullranging fronull null.nullpernullent in the West to nullnull.nullpernullent in the nullortheastnull ith its estabnullished but aging stonullnull of pubnullinullhousing. nullnullhibit nullnullnull harts the sanulle data to inullnullustrate honullhousing assistannulle and nullorst nullase needs are inversenully renullated. The innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs is nullonuller in nonnulletroponullitan areas and in the nullortheast and Midnullest nullhere housing assistannulle is renullativenully nullore avainullabnulle. The innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs is greater in the West and in subnull urbsnull here housing assistannulle is snullarnullernullanullthough high rents in the West anullso nullontribute to this snullenario. nullnull

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. nullUnullnullnullR OF nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullD nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnullD HOUSnullnullnull nullSSnullSnullnullnullnullnull nullnull RnullnullnullOnull nullnullD nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnull nulltropolitan nullcation Region nullntral nullties Suburbs nullnmetropolitan nulleas nullotal nulldnullst nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullrtheast nullnullnullnull 2nullnull null2null nullnull nullnullnull With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null South nullnullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnull2 nullnull2 With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullest nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullotal nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

11 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing nullnteraction of Racenullnullthnicity and nulletropolitan nullcation nullnullhibit nullnullnullshonulls the nunullber of very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullboth overnull anullnulland nullith nullorst nullase needsnullby the nullanullor ranullenullethninullity groups and their nulletroponullitan nullonullation. Anullross the nationnullnullnullD found a totanullof null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullorst nullase needs in nullentranull ities nullnullnull.nullpernullent of the totanullnullnull .nullnull inullnullion in subnull urban areas nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnulland null.nullnull inullnullion in nonnulletroponullitan areas nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull. The distribution of nullorst nullase needs by nulletroponullitan nullonullation paranullnullenulls the distribution of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters anullross these areas. The nullost nullonullnullon areas to nullnd nullorst nullase needsnullhonullevernulldifnull fer for White renters nullnull nullonullpared nullith nullinority popunullations. White househonullds nullontinue to anullnullount for the nullargest share of very nullonullnull innullonulle renters and of nullorst nullase needs in every nulletroponullitan nullatnull egory. The nullargest proportion of White very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnullnull.null pernullentnullnullive in suburbsnulland the nullargest share of their nullorst nullase needs nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullare found there as nullenullnull. nulln nullontrastnull nullinority very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters and nullinority nullorst nullase needs are nullost nullonullnullonnully found in nullentranull ities. nullentranull ities are honulle to nullnull.nullpernullent of Bnullanullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters and nullnull.null pernullent of Bnullanullnullnullorst nullase needs. Sinullinullarnullynullnull.nullpernullent of nullisnull paninullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters and nullnull.nullpernullent of nullispaninullnullorst nullase needs onullnullur in nullentranullnullities. A sinullinullar story nullan be tonulld for nullothernullnullinority househonullds. nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2null2. nullRnullnullnullnullR nullnullnullnullSS nullO HOUSnullnullnull nullSSnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnull SPnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull RURnullnull nullRnullnullSnull RnullDUnullnullS nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDSnull2 nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Per nullnt of V ery Lonullnullnullnull nullnters W ith nullusing Assistannull Pernullnt of Very Lonullnullnullnull nullnters With Worst nullse nulleds nullrtheast nullnmetro nulldnullst nullnmetro nullrtheast Central City nulldnullst Suburb South Suburb nulldnullst Central City South Central City West Central City West Suburb nullrtheast Suburb South nullnmetro West nullnmetro

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. nullUnullnullnullR OF nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS OnullnullRnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullH nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull RnullnullnullnullnullnullHnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnull nulltropolitan nullcation Racenullthnicity nullntral nullties Suburbs nullnmetropolitan nulleas nullotal nullnnullispanic nullite 2nullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull With nullrst nullse needs nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnnullispanic nullacnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull With nullrst nullse needs nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Hispanic nullnullnull null2null 2null nullnullnull With nullrst nullse needs nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Other nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull With nullrst nullse needs nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullotal nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull With nullrst nullse needs nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data null null this disnullssionnullnullhitenullrefers to nonnullispaninullWhite rentersnulland nullnullnullnullrefers to nonnullispaninullBnullnull renters.

12 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research Honullthe nullarnullet nullllocates nullffordable Housing on a nullational nullasis nullnullhibit nullnullnullshonulls the distribution of rentanullunits and their onullnullupannull nully by the affordabinullity of their rents renullative to Area Median nullnnullonulle nullAMnullnull. A unit is nullonsidered affordabnulle for a renter as nullong as gross rent nullrent pnullus utinullitiesnulldoes not enullnulleed nullnullpernullent of innullonulle. Any given renternullhonullevernullnullay nullive in a unit renting for nulless thannullthe sanulle asnullor nullore than that threshonulld. nullnull The enulltent of nullonullpetition for the nullost affordabnulle housing portrayed in nullnullhibit nullnullnullis strinulling. nullnull nulligher innullonulle renters onullnullupy nullnull.nullpernullent of the units affordabnulle to enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnull null.nullpernullent of units affordabnulle for innullonulles at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnulland nullnull.null pernullent of units affordabnulle at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnull. nullonullpetition for affordabnulle units is denullonstrated further by the varynull ing proportions of vanullant units anullross the affordabinullity nullategories. The vanullannully rate innullreases as affordabinullity of the rent denullreases. Anullong the nulleast nullostnully unitsnullthose nullith rents affordabnulle for innull nullonulles at nullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullonnully null.nullpernullent are vanullant. The vanullannully rate nullunullps to nullnull.nullpernullent anullong units affordabnulle at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullto nullnull.nullpernullent anullong units affordabnulle at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnulland to nullnull.nullpernullent anullong the highest rent units. This steep gradient in nationanullvanullannully rates renullenullts the very tight nullarnullet for enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle units and the innullreasingnully snullanullnull nullarnullet nullonditions found at higher rent nullevenulls nullnullhinullh innullnullude nunullernull null nullte that renters nullose innullnulls pnullnull thenullat the bottonullof an innullnull range nullunull not nulld units affordabnull that rent at the top of their range. More detainulld presentations of these data appear in appendinulls A and Bnullnullere tabnull Anullnulland enullibit Bnull shonullunit affordabinullty and onullupannull status using nullnulloint innullnull breanull. null For severanullreasons it nully be inappropriate to nullbenullthe nullnsunulltion of housing unit that is nullss nullstnull than one nullunull afford as nullispnullnullnullntnullof poorer rentersnullbut for nullnull of a better nullrdnullthat ternullnullnull be used. nullusehonulls at nullny innullnull nullvenull fanull a variety of nullnulleting denullnds on their disnulletionary innullnullnulland they have the freedonullto anullonullte their nullnsunulltion as they nulloose. Furthernullenullibit nullnullrenullnulls nationanullaggregate datanullnullinull do not support assunulltions that very nullnullinnullnull renters onullupying enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull unitsnullfor enullnullnullnullnullunull anulluanully have enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nearby seenullng their unit. null Measures of affordabinulltynullavainullbinulltynulland adenullanull nullnullare the entire housing stonull nullth the entire renter popunulltionnulland they do not renullnull snullnullnullnullnull geographinulldetainull nullen the snullnuller geographinullunits used in this ananullsis are too nullrge to anulluratenull represent nullnullnullhousing suppnull and denullndnullso resunulls shounull be vienulld nullth sonull nullution as nationanullor regionanullindinulltors based on undernulling nullnullnullhousing nullrnullts. More severe shortages or generous surpnullses nulln onullur in spenullnull housing nullrnullts despite these nationanulland regionanull nulldings. For an overvienullof issues renullted to nullnullnullnullrnulltsnullsee KhaddurinullBurnettnulland nulldda nullnullnull.

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. OnullnullUPnullnullnullnull OF nullFFORDnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS SHOnullS nullFFnullnullnullS OF nullOnullPnullnullnullnullnullOnull nullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRSnull 2nullnullnull Rental Units by nullcome nulleded to nullnull the Rent nullfordable nullnullnullnull Occupancy Status nullnullnullnull of nullnull nullnullnullnull of nullnull nullnullnullnull of nullnull nullnull of nullnull nullotal nullgher innullnull onullupants nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null nullnullnull Sanull or nullnullr innullnull onullupants nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Vanullnt nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullotal null2null nullnullnull nullnull2null nullnullnull nullnullnull AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. nullA nullnullot Avainullabnulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data ous vanullation honullesnull. The gradient anullso shonulls that in nullany nullarnulletsnull rentanullvounullhers nullounulld feasibnully redunulle nullorst nullase needs if nullandnullords are nullinullnulling to partinullipate. Anullthough vanullannully rates provide a vanulluabnulle indinullation of the banullannulle betnulleen suppnully and denullandnullthey do not direnulltnully nullonullpare the nunullnull ber of affordabnulle units nullith the nunullber of renters. The renullainder of Senulltion null nullanulles sunullh nullonullparisonsnullenullpnulloying three innullreasingnully stringent nullonnullepts to assess nullhether the rentanullhousing stonullnullis sufnullnullient for the need. nullffordabilitynullnullvailabilitynulland nulldenulluacy of the nullational Rental Stocnull nullnullhibit nullnullnull desnullribes the null.S. rentanull housing stonullnull in nullnullnullnull usnull ing AnullS data. These aggregate data portray honullthe overanullnullstonullnull nullounulld nullonullpare nullith the need for affordabnulle housing if nullonullation did not nullatter. nullnull

The nullunullunullative nunullber of affordabnulle units is shonulln to enulluanullthe nullunull nullunullative nunullber of renters onnully nullhen innullonulles of nullnullpernullent of AMnull are innullnulluded. Beyond this pointnull ore than nullnullnullaffordabnulle units enullist per nullnullnullrentersnullenoughnull ith perfenullt anullnullonullationnullto provide affordnull abnulle housing to every renter nullith innullonulle above nullnullpernullent of AMnull. This threshonulld nulloved higher fronullthe nullnullnullnullnullevenullof nullnullpernullent of AMnullnull eaning that the snullarnullity of affordabnulle units is reanullhing higher up the innullonulle snullanulle.

13 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing The ratio of affordabnulle units per renter peanulls at an innullonulle nullevenullof nullnull pernullent of AMnull. The ratio of nullunullunullative units to nullonullunullative renters denullnullines at higher innullonulles. nulligher innullonulle renters nullnd nulless need to spend nullore than nullnull pernullent of their innullonulles on housing and are abnulle to absorb units nullithout enullperiennulling nullost burdens. nullnough affordabnulle units enullist to house onnully nullnullpernullent of enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters even if those units sonullehonull ounulld be perfenulltnully anullnull nullonullated. nullotabnullynullnullnullpernullent is substantianullnully benullonullthe nullnullpernullent of enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters for nullhinullh affordabnulle units enullisted in nullnullnullnull. nullonsidering avainullabinullity in addition to affordabinullity adds an inullportant dinullensionnullnullhether or not affordabnulle units are nullurrentnully onullnullupied by higher innullonulle renters. nullnull Avainullabinullity poses an inullportant additionanull onnull straint for renters seenulling affordabnulle unitsnullbenullause onnully about nullnullpernull nullent of enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullounulld anulltuanullnully nullnd an affordabnulle unit avainullabnulle for their onullnullupannully even if nullonullation nullere not a fanulltor. The paunullity of affordabnulle and avainullabnulle units is due in part to the onullnull nullupannully of a nullonsiderabnulle proportion of the nullost affordabnulle housing stonullnullby renters nullho nullounulld afford to spend nullore nullas shonulln prenull viousnully in nullnullhibit nullnullnullnull. The affordabnulle stonullnullis nonullinanullnully sufnullnullient to house every renter above nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullbut the avainullabnulle nullnullnullSURnullnullnull nullHnullnullHnullR nullFFORDnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnullnull S SUFFnullnullnullnullnullnull FOR nullHnull nullnullnullD null Affordability nulleasures the enulltent to nullhinullh enough rentanull housing units of different nullosts nullan provide eanullh renter nullith a unit it nullan afford nullbased on the nullnullnullpernullentnullofnullinnullonulle standardnull. Affordabinullitynull nullhinullh is the broadest nulleasure of the renullative suppnully of the housing stonullnullnull addresses nullhether sufnullnullient housing units nullounulld enullist if anullnullonullated sonullenully on the basis of nullost. The affordabnulle stonullnullinnullnulludes both vanullant and onullnullupied units. null Availability nulleasures the enulltent to nullhinullh affordabnulle rentanull housing units are avainullabnulle to renters nullithin a partinullunullar innullonulle range. Avainullabinullity is a nullore restrinulltive nullonnulleptnullbenullause units that nulleet the denullnition nullust be avainullabnulle as nullenullnullas affordabnulle. Sonulle renters nullhoose to spend nulless than nullnullpernullent of their innullonulles on rentnullonullnullupying housing that is affordabnulle to renters of nullonuller innullonulle. These units thus are not avainullabnulle to a nullonuller innullonulle renter. A unit is avainullabnulle at a given nullevenullof innullonulle if it is affordabnulle at that nullevenulland either nullnullnullonullnullupied by a renter nullith that innullonulle or nulless or nullnullnullvanullant. null Adequanull enulltends the nullonnullept of avainullabinullity by nullonsidering nullhether sufnullnullient rentanullunits are physinullanullnully adenulluate as nullenullnullas affordabnulle and avainullabnulle. Adenulluanully thus is the nullost restrinulltive of the three nulleasures. nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. nullHRnullnull nullnullnullSURnullS nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullnullnull nullHnull SUFFnullnullnullnullnullnullnull OF nullHnull U.S. Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnullnull2nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullnullnull as Pernullnt of Area Median nullnullnull Affordabnull Affordabnull and Avainullbnull AffordabnullnullAvainullbnullnulland Adenullate stonullnulldoes not nullatnullh the nunullber of renters untinullhousehonulld innullonulles reanullh about nullnullpernullent of AMnull. nullnullhibit nullnullnull anullso inullnullustrates that adding a nullnanull nullriterionnullthat units shounulld be physinullanullnully adenulluatenullfurther redunulles the suppnully of the rentanullhousing stonullnull. nullven for renters nullith nullonullinnullonulles up to nullnull pernull nullent of AMnullnullonnully nullnulladenulluate units are avainullabnulle for every nullnullnullrentnull ers. The physinullanullnully adenulluate stonullnulldoes not funullnully nullatnullh the need untinull those units affordabnulle onnully above nullnullnullpernullent of AMnullare innullnulluded. nullnull Rental Stocnullby nullncome We have seen that renullativenully fenullrentanullunits are affordabnullenullandnullbenull nullause of dispnullanullenullent and nullinullited vanullannulliesnulleven fenuller are avainullnull abnulle to renters nullith the nullonullest innullonulles. nullnullhibit nullnullnullsunullnullarizes the three housing stonullnull easures for the standard innullonulle groups used in this report. A severe nullisnullatnullh enullists betnulleen the nunullber of enulltrenullenully nullonullnull innullonulle renters and the nunullber of affordabnulle units avainullabnulle to thenull. For every nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullonnully nullnull affordabnulle units null The avainullbinullty nullasure anullo renullves units fronullnullnsideration if they have artinullianully nullnullrents benulluse they are onullupied as a benenull of enullnullynullnt nullor enullnullnullnullunits provided for nullretanullrsnullor benulluse renulltives or friends of the onullupants onull the units. The nullnull Anull data indinullte that nullnullnullnullion renter househonulls null.nullpernullntnullonullupied their units nullinull paying no rent. The Anull does not provide estinulltes of the nunuller of househonulls paying a positive but benullnullnullrnullt rent benulluse of enullnullynullnt or other reasons. null Beginning in nullnullnullthe Anull dropped nullrtain nullestions renullted to the nullndition of nullnullon hanullnullysnullnullinull had previousnull been innulluded in the overanull adenullanull nullasure. nullnsenullentnullnullit is nullnullnull that sonull units rated as adenullate in nullnull and nullnull nully have been rated inadenullate in nullnullnullespenullanully for apartnullents in nullrger strunullures. nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null null null null null null null null nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullusing nullits per nullnullnullnters

14 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research enullistnulland fenuller than nullnullaffordabnulle units are avainullabnulle for their onullnull nullupannully. nullf physinullanullnully adenulluate units are renulluirednullonnully nullnullunits are avainullabnulle for every nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. nullnull

nullenters nullith very nullonullinnullonulles nullnd nullnullaffordabnulle units per nullnullnullrentnull ersnullnearnully enough overanullnullnullbut sinullinullarnully nullnd a nullisnullatnullh of avainullnull abnulle units. nullnnully nullnullunits are avainullabnulle for every nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnulland onnully nullnullavainullabnulle units per nullnullnullrenters are physinullanullnully adenulluate. For nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullavainullabnulle rentanullstonullnullis sufnullnullient to house anullnullrentersnullanullthough a snullanullnullproportion of units have physinull nullanullprobnullenulls. nullnullhibit nullnullnullinullnullustrates that the suppnully of affordabnulle housing stonullnullfor enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters fenullnullby nullnullunits per nullnullnullrenters during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnullfronull nullto nullnullunits per nullnullnullrenters. For very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullaffordabnulle units fenullnullby nullnullunits per nullnullnullrenters. Avainullabinullity of affordabnulle units did not denullnulline nulluite as severenully during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. Avainullabnulle units denullreased by nullunits per nullnullnullfor enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle and by nullunits per nullnullnullfor very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentnull

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnull nullnull nullnullnullOnullnull nullnullnullnullnullORnullnull2 nullnullnull Rental Units per nullnullRenters nullfordable nullfordable and nullvailable nullfordablenull nullvailablenulland nullenullate nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data ers. The nullonger ternull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnulltrend is anullso negative for both innullonulle groups and for both nulleasuresnullreversing the nullodest gains observed for enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. nulleography of Supply The previous disnullussion shonulls that nullorst nullase needs are dispersed anullross the nationnullyet they nullan be nullonnullentrated in nullertain geographnull inullareasnullthat spatianullvariation is affenullted in part by the avainullabinullity of housing assistannulle. The private nullarnulletnullinnullnulluding both fornullpronullt and nonpronullt housing providersnullnullan provide both assisted units and affordabnulle housing. The enullanullination of affordabnulle housing suppnully on a nationanullbasis renull veanulls the fonullnullonullingnull rstnullthe suppnully of rentanullunits that are affordabnulle to very nullonullnullinnullonulle and poorer househonullds is sinullpnully inadenulluatenull senullondnullthis shortage is nullorsened by the naturanullpronulless of disnull pnullanullenullent by higher innullonulle rentersnulland thirdnullthis shortage is furnull ther nullorsened by sonulle of the stonullnullnulls physinullanullinadenulluanully. null nullsearnull based on the nullsidentianullFinannull Survey indinulltes that null pernullnt of units nullth gross rents of nullnull or nullss produnulld negative net operating innullnullnullsuggesting they are heading for denullnulltion or nullnversion to nonresidentianulluse nulloint nullnter for nullusing Studies of nullrvard nulliversitynullnullnullnull

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. nullRnullnullD nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnull nullnull nullnullnullOnullnull nullnullnullnullnullORnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull Rental Units per nullnullRenters nullange 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnullnull2nullnull 2nullnull2nullnull nulltremely nullnullnullcome Renters nullnullnullnullnullnull Affordabnull null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnull.null Affordabnull and avainullbnull null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullery nullnullnullcome Renters null nullnullnullnullnull Affordabnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullnullnull nullnull.null Affordabnull and avainullbnull null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress

15 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing The fonullnullonulling disnullussion sharpens that snullenario by shonulling honull inadenulluate suppnully varies by geography. Rental Stocnullby nulletropolitan nullcation Denullnulliennullies in the affordabnulle and avainullabnulle stonullnullare nulless severe in nonnulletroponullitan areas. nullnullhibit nullnullnull sunullnullarizes the affordabnulle housing suppnully for nullitiesnull suburbsnull and nonnulletroponullitan areas. nullotabnullynullanullthough nullities and suburbs dispnullay nullonullparabnulle avainullabnullenull unitnullratiosnullnullith nullnullto nullnullunits per nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters and nullnullto nullnullunits per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullthe undernullying suppnully of affordabnulle units is nullore nullonstrained in nullentranullnullities than it is in suburbs. Furthernullthe renullationship betnulleen the affordabinullity ratio and avainullabinullity ratio highnullights variations renullated to nulletroponullitan nullonullation. The nullathnull enullatinullanulldifferennulle betnulleen estinullates of affordabnulle units and avainullnull abnulle units renullenullts the nullonullbined effenullt of the tnullo fanulltors presented in nullnullhibit nullnullnullnullonullvanullannully rates for affordabnulle unitsnulland dispnullanullenullent of needy renters fronullaffordabnulle units by higher innullonulle renters. nullnullhibit nullnullnullreveanulls that fenuller affordabnulle units are nullost benullause of unavainullabinullity in densernull ore urban areas. nulln nullentranull itiesnullabout nullnull othernullisenullaffordabnulle units are unavainullabnulle per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. nullnull nulln nullonullparisonnull nullaffordabnulle units are unavainullabnulle per nullnullnull renters in suburbsnull and nullnull affordabnulle units are unavainullabnulle per nullnullnull rentnull ers in nonnulletroponullitan areas. A snullanullnuller redunulltion of affordabnulle housing avainullabinullity in nullentranullnullity areas nullay nullonullfronullthe benenullts of thinullnullernullnullore efnullnullient nullarnullets nullithin nullities. These nullarnullets nullan offer a nullider range of unit features and prinulle points that offer appeanulling vanullue to higher innullonulle renters. More and better nullhoinulles for higher innullonulle renters nullan affenullt avainullnull abinullity of affordabnulle housing for very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters by redunulling dispnullanullenullent or by innullreasing vanullannully rates and nullausing rents of adenulluate units to nullnullter donulln to affordabnulle nullevenulls. Anullso nullorth nullonsideration in nullnullhibit nullnullnullis the enulltent of differennulles betnulleen the ratios of avainullabnulle units and adenulluate units. Suburban areas nullose fenuller affordabnulle and avainullabnulle units to inadenulluanullynullnullinullenully renullenullting the younger housing stonullnull. nullnull For suburbsnulladding the adnull enulluanully test redunulles the avainullabinullity ratio by nullunits per nullnullnullvery nullonullnull innullonulle renters. The differennulle is nullore than doubnulle that in nullentranull nullities and nonnulletroponullitan areasnull ith nulland nullfenuller units per nullnullnull rentersnullrespenulltivenully. Adnullusting avainullabinullity ratios for differennulles in adenulluanully nearnully enullinullinates the nullitynullsuburb differennulle in the affordabnulle rentanullstonullnull. The adenulluanully null These estinulltes of unavainullbnull units renullnull the differennull betnullen the estinulltes of affordabnull units and avainullbnull units presented in tabnull nullnull and differ fronullestinulltes of dispnullnull null nullnt r eported in nullnnenullion nullth enullibit nullnullby nullvering the funull very nullnullinnullnull nulltegorynullunits affordabnull at nullto null pernullnt of AMnullrather than onnull null to null pernullnt of AMnull null nullnnully nullnull pernullent of suburban rentanull units nullere buinullt before nullnullnullnullnull nullonullpared nullith nullnull pernullent of nullentranull nullity units and nullnull pernullent of nonnulletroponullitan rentanull units nullnullensus Bureau nullnullnullnullnull tabnull nullnull.

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnull nullnull nullnullnullOnullnull nullROUPS nullnull nullnullnullnullRnullnull nullnullnullnullnullSnullS UnullURnullSnull nullnullD nullOnullnullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullRnullnullSnull2 nullnullnull Housing Units per nullnullRenters nullfordable nullfordable and nullvailable nullfordablenull nullvailablenulland nullenullate nullntral nullties nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null Suburbs nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullnmetropolitan nulleas nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

16 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research test anullso nullonsiderabnully redunulles the potentianullaffordabnulle housing appeanull of nonnulletroponullitan areas renullative to denser areas. nullven in nonnulletronull ponullitan areasnullonnully nullof every nullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullounulld nullnd an adenulluate unit that nullas affordabnulle and avainullabnulle for their use. Rental Stocnullby Region nullnullhibit nullnullnullshonulls substantianullvariation in the avainullabinullity of affordabnulle rentanullunits anullross the four nullensus regions. The Midnullest has the best avainullabinullitynull ith nullnullunits per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. The West is nullorst offnull ith nullnullunits per nullnullnullrentersnulland the nullortheast and South have nullnullto nullnullunits per nullnullnullrenters. For enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentnull ersnullthe avainullabinullity of affordabnulle units is far fronulladenulluate in any renull gion. nullt is notabnulle that enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnd substantianullnully tighter suppnully in the South than in the nullortheast even though very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters in those regions fanulle sinullinullar nullarnullets. nullndeednullin the West and the nullortheastnullnot enough affordabnulle units are avainullabnulle even nullhen nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnull are innullnulluded. nulleverthenullessnullthe prinullary point in enullhibit nullnullnullis that enulltrenullenully nullonullnull innullonulle renters nullontinue to fanulle severenully nullonstrained nullarnullets anullross anullnullfour regions. Anullthough sonulle regions sonulletinulles have substannull tianullnully nullonuller housing nullosts on averagenulleven those regions nullannot

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnull nullnull RnullnullnullOnull nullnullD nullnullnullOnullnull nullnullnullnullnullORnullnull2 nullnullnull Housing Units per nullnullRenters nullfordable nullfordable and nullvailable nullfordablenull nullvailablenulland nullenullate nullrtheast nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nulldnullst nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull South nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullest nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null null.null AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullanulle affordabnulle units avainullabnulle for even onenullhanullf of their enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. Adding the adenulluanully test to the avainullabinullity ranull tios does not introdunulle the type of additionanulldisparities anullross the regions that nullere apparent anullross nulletroponullitan nullonullations. Dynamics of Supply nulln addition to understanding the spatianullaspenullts of affordabnulle housnull ing suppnullynullit is usefunullto nullonsider the trends in suppnully over tinullenullboth nationanullnully and by nulletroponullitan nullonullation. nullrends in nullational Rental Stocnull The avainullabinullity of the affordabnulle rentanullstonullnullhas shonulln a degree of stabinullity for nullnullyears. But as enullhibit nullnullnullnullinullnullustratesnullthat stabinullity is nullaning and housing shortages are approanullhing nenullenulltrenulles. The avainullabinullity of affordabnulle rentanullunits per nullnullnull renters is shonulln for the four standard innullonulle nullategories during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. During the past nullyearsnullthe nullost vunullnerabnulle rentersnullthe very nullonullnull innullonulle nullanullority and the enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle subsetnullhave fanulled the tightest nullarnullet for affordabnulle housing sinnulle nullnullnullnull. nulln nullnullnullnullnullthe avainullabinullity of affordabnulle rentanullunits denullreased for rentnull ers in anullnullinnullonulle groups benullonull null pernullent of AMnull. Anullthough sonulle of the nullosses nullere renullovered in nullnullnullnullnullthe shortages regained strength

17 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing in nullnullnullnull. Middnullenullinnullonulle rentersnullin nullontrastnullhave nullontinued to enullpenull riennulle a stabnulle and adenulluate suppnully of affordabnulle rentanullunits. The unusuanullvariations observed in rentanullhousing during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull period nullay be tied to the gyrations of the honulleonullnership nullarnullet in renullent yearsnulla topinullto be enullpnullored further in Senulltion null. nullrends in Rental Stocnullby nulletropolitan nullcation nullnullhibits nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullshonullhonullaffordabinullity ratios and avainullabinullity ratios have nullhanged anullross nullentranullnullitiesnullsuburbsnulland nonnulletronull ponullitan areas during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. nullonsidering enullhibit nullnullnullnullnull it is apparent that the stonullnull of affordnull abnulle units has denullnullined signinullnullantnully renullative to the nunullber of rentnull ers. These nullhanges are seen despite the yearnulltonullyear variations in these estinullates that resunullt fronullthe intrinullanullies of nullhanging rents and nullovenullent of househonullds betnulleen innullonulle groups or betnulleen honulle onullnership and renting. During nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullthe affordabinullity ratio denullnullined by nullnullto nullnullunits per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters in nullentranullnullitiesnullsuburbsnulland nonnull nulletroponullitan areas. nullver the nullonger nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnulldenullnullines in the affordabnulle housing stonullnullare even nullore dranullatinullnullranging fronull nullnullfenuller units per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters in suburbs to nullnullto nullnull fenuller units per nullnullnullrenters in nullentranullnullities and nonnulletroponullitan areas. Anullthough denullnullines in the affordabnulle stonullnullfronull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullare subnull stantianullnulldenullnullines in the avainullabinullity rationullanullthough signinullnullantnullhave been nulless dranullatinull. nullonullpared nullith nullosses of nullnullto nullnullaffordabnulle unitsnullthe nullosses shonulln in enullhibit nullnullnullnullare nulless severenullthe avainullabnulle Moderate nullnullnull nullnullnullAMnull Lonullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullAMnull Very Lonullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullAMnull nulltrenullnull Lonullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull OF nullFFORDnullnullnullnull Rnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullSnullnull nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullnull nullnull null null null null null nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullusing nullits per nullnullnullnters units ratio denullnullined by onnully about nullunits per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullregardnulless of nulletroponullitan status. Losses of avainullabnulle units neverthenulless have been substantianullover the nullonger nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnull ith nullnullfenuller avainullabnulle units per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters in suburbsnull nullfenuller in nullentranull itiesnulland nullnullfenullnull er in nonnulletroponullitan areas. Sinullinullar nullhanges have onullnullurred for enullnull

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnullnull. nullRnullnullDS nullnull SUPPnullnull OF nullFFORDnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS nullnull nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull Rental Units per nullnullRenters nullange 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnullnull2nullnull 2nullnull2nullnull nullntral nullties nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Suburbs nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull.null nullnullnull nullnmetropolitan nulleas nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull.null nullnull.null Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull.null nullnull AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

18 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research trenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullas the denullnullining avainullabinullity of affordabnulle housing nullontinues to nullreate nullorst nullase needs. nullnnully for renters nullith innullonulles at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnull ounulld the nenulls of avainullabinullity be nullonsidered goodnull ith avainullabinullity generanullnully enullnulleeding nullnullnullunits per nullnullnullrentersnulland nullith trends sonullenullhat stabnulle or positive sinnulle nullnullnullnull. Summary Worst nullase needs are nullonullnullon in every region and nulletroponullitan nullategory anullross the nullnited States. nullationanullnully in nullnullnullnullnull null.nullpernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters have nullorst nullase needs. The innullidennulle is snullightnully higher than average in the West nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullin nullentranull nullities nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnulland in suburbs nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull. The innullidennulle is nullonuller in nonnulletroponullitan areas nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullin the nullortheast nullnullnull.null pernullentnullnulland in the Midnullest nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull. nullousing assistannullenullinnullnulluding that provided by nullnullDnullis an inullportant preventer of nullorst nullase needs anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. nullanull tionnullidenullnullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters report renulleiving housing assistannullenulltotanulling null.nullnullnullinullnullion househonullds. But for every very nullonullnullinnullonulle renter nullho is assistednullnull.nullrenters have nullorst nullase needs for sunullh assistannulle. The innullidennulle of housnull ing assistannulle anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters is greater in nonnulletnull roponullitan areasnulland nullonuller in suburbs nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullin the West nullnullnull.null pernullentnullnulland in the South nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull. The nation has enough affordabnulle units to house every very nullonullnull innullonulle renter if anullnullonullation nullere perfenull honullevernull far fenuller affordabnulle units are anulltuanullnully avainullabnulle to renters nullith the nullonullest innullonulles. This disnullrepannully onullnullurs benullause vanullannully rates are nullonullfor the nullonullest rent unitsnulland nullany affordabnulle units are rented to higher innullonulle fanullinullies. nullf units affordabnulle to enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullnull.null pernullent are onullnullupied by higher innullonulle fanullinullies. Andnullin nullnullnullnullnullthe vanullannully rate for units affordabnulle at enulltrenullenully nullonullinnullonulles nullas onnully nullnullpernullntnullnullnullared nullth null.nullpernullnt vanullnnull for units affordabnull above null pernullnt of AMnull When a sinullnull ratio of affordabnull units per very nullnullinnullnull renters is nullde nullre stringent by adding avainullbinullty as a nullnstraintnullthe ratio denulleases fronullnull units per nullnullrenters to onnull null per nullnullrenters. The effenulls of the avainullbinullty nullnstraint are even nullre severe for enull trenullnull nullnullinnullnull rentersnullredunullng the affordabnull unit ratio fronullnull to null per nullnullrenters. Furthernulla substantianullproportion of avainullbnull units are not in standard physinullnullnullndition. When the nulliterion of physinullnulladenullanull is added to the ananullsis of avainullbinullty during nullnullnullthe nunuller of avainullbnull units is redunulld fronullnull to null units per nullnullvery nullnullinnullnull rentersnull and fronullnull to null units per nullnullenullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters. The avainullbinullty of affordabnull units anullo varies anulloss regions. The supnull pnull is nullst snullrnull in the Westnullnullth onnull null affordabnull units avainullbnull per nullnullvery nullnullinnullnull rentersnullnullnullared nullth null in the Southnullnull in the nullrtheastnulland null in the Midnullst. The nullng trend of nullrnullt stabinullty in the nationanull avainullbinullty of affordabnull units began nullanullning in nullnullnulland avainullbinullty of affordabnull units has signinullantnull nullrsened. During the nullnullnullnullnull periodnull affordabnull and avainullbnull units per nullnull very nullnullinnullnull renters denulleased by null in nullntranullnulltiesnullby null in suburbsnulland by null in nonnulltroponulltan areas. null nullnullnullavainullbnull units nullre donull to null per nullnullvery nullnullinnullnull renters in nullntranullnulltiesnullnull in suburbsnulland null in nonnulltroponulltan areas.

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull2. nullRnullnullDS nullnull SUPPnullnull OF nullFFORDnullnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS nullnull nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull 2nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull nullfordable and nullvailable Units per nullnullRenters nullange 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnullnull2nullnull 2nullnull2nullnull nullntral nullties nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnullnull Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Suburbs nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnull.null Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnullnull Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnmetropolitan nulleas nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnullnull Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnullnull Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull SnullnullnullnullOnull AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

19 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 3. undeRstanding the tRend in WoRst Case needs understanding tHe trend in Worst Case needs Senulltion nulldenullonstrated that nullorst nullase needs innullreased anullross the nationnulland that the innullrease is renullated to denullreasing avainullabinullity of affordabnulle rentanullunits renullative to the nunullber of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullho need thenull. Senulltion nullenullaborates on honullthe nullhanges in nunullnull bers of unitsnullnunullbers of rentersnulland rents during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod undernullie this resunullt. The honulleonullnership nullrisis and enullononullinullrenullession nullinullenully pnullayed a nullanullor ronulle in fuenulling the innullrease in nullorst nullase needs. nullf the null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullases of nullorst nullase needs that enullerged during nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull.null pernullent nullan be attributed to denullographinullnullhanges that affenullted the popunullation of unassisted very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnulland nullnull.nullpernullent nullan be attributed to nullhanges in innullidennulle that resunullted fronullthe nenull arnullet pressures those renters generated. Fanullnulling tenant innullonullesnulland possibnully nullortgage defaunullts as nullenullnullnullnullanded nullany addinull tionanullhousehonullds in the nullategory of verynullnullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith nullorst nullase needs. As a senullondary effenulltnullnenull onullpetition for affordabnulle rentanullunits innullreased dispnullanullenullent of enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullabsorbed vanullant unitsnulland drove up rents. nullhanges in nullffordable Housing Demand This report has shonulln that nullhanges in nullorst nullase needs renullenullt both nullhanges in the popunull nullation vunullnerabnulle to nullorst nullase needsnullunassisted very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnulland nullhanges in innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs for that popunullation. The popunullation of vunullnerabnulle renters is affenullted prinullarinully by denullographinullfanulltorsnulland the innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs is a produnullt of nullinullroenullononullinullfanulltorsnullthe nullarnullet response to nullhanges in denulland for affordabnulle housing. nullThe suppnully of affordabnulle housing is renullativenully nullnulled in the short run.null The fonullnullonulling ananullysis sorts out these fanulltors. Firstnull e distinguish betnulleen the effenullts of innullidennulle and the effenullts of popunullation nullhange to estinullate their renullative inullportannulle. Then nulle identify honullnullunullh various denullographinullfanulltors affenullted the popunullation nullhange. Household Formationnullnullenurenulland nullncome Factors The popunullation of unassisted very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters innullreased by nullnull.nullpernullent during nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullfronull null.nullnullto nullnull.nullnull inullnullion. During the sanulle periodnullinnullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs in this group innullreased fronullnullnull.nullto nullnull.nullpernullent. Fronullthese fanulltsnull e nullan attribute nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenull ases of nullorst nullase needs nullnullnull.nullpernull nullentnullto denullographinullnullhangesnulland null nullnullnullnullnenullnullases nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullto nullhanges in nullSnullnullnullnullOnull

20 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research innullidennullenulltogether totanulling the null.nullnullnullinullnullion nenullnullorst nullase needs observed in the AnullS betnulleen nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnull. nullnull The nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenullnullorst nullase needs resunullting fronulldenullographinull shifts nullan be further bronullen donullnnullas fonullnullonullsnull null Household formation. A nullnullpernullnt innullease in nullrst nullse needsnullor anullost nullnullnull nenullnullsesnullnulln be attributed to housenull honull fornulltion. The nation added nullnullnullnullnull nenull househonulls fronullnullnull to nullnull. The househonull fornulltion rate of nullnullpernullnt nulluring this nullyear periodnullnulls snullnullr than the average biennianull innullease of nullnullpernullnt observed in Anull sanullnulls sinnull nullnull. null Renter share of households. A negnullgibnull nullnullpernullnt denull nullease in nullrst nullse needs is attributed to nullnor shifts in tennull ure betnullen honullonullership and renting. The nation added nullnullnullnullrenter househonulls fronullnullnull to nullnullnullbut the innullease of nullnullpernullnt nulls snullghtnull nullss than the nullnullpernullnt innullease in househonulls on a proportionanullbasis. For nullnullarisonnullthe avernull age biennianullgronullh rate in renter househonulls sinnull nullnull has been nullnull pernullnt. null Renter income losses. A null.nullpernullnt innullease in nullrst nullse needsnull or nullnullnullnull nenull nullsesnull is attributed to innullnull shift. nullnullnullnullnullnenullvery nullnullinnullnull renters nullre added fronullnullnull to nullnull benulluse of shrinnullng innullnullsnulland the gronullh rate of nullnullpernullnt enulleeded gronullh in renters on a proportionanullbanull sis. Sinnull nullnullnullthe average biennianullnullange in very nullnullinnullnull renters has averaged nullnullpernullnt. null Rental assistance gap. A null.nullpernullnt innullease in nullrst nullse needsnullor nullnullnullnullnenullnullsesnullis attributed to nullnull of rentanullasnull null The denullgraphinulleffenull is based on the nenullinnulldennull nullnullipnulled by the nunullrinullnullinnullease in rentersnulland the innulldennull effenull is based on the innullease in innulldennull nullnullipnulled by the basenullne nunuller of renters. sistannull. The nullnullnullnullnullinnullease in very nullnullinnullnull renters nullo nullnull housing assistannull nulls nullnullnullnullnull The null.nullpernullnt innullease nulls substantianully greater on a proportionanullbasis than the nullnullpernullnt innullease in very nullnullinnullnull renters. nulldeednullat nullast in the Anull datanullnenullunassisted very nullnullinnullnull renters anulluanully enulleeded nenullvery nullnullinnullnull renters overanull nullhat isnull on an absonulltenullas nullnull as proportionanull basisnull The average biennull nianullnullange in unassisted very nullnullinnullnull renters has averaged nullnullpernullnt sinnull nullnull. This ananullysis shonulls that the prinullary nullauses of innullreases in nullorst nullase needs fronullnullnullnullnullto nullnullnullnullare enullononullinullin nature. The renullessionnull driven nullosses of innullonulle that innullreased the nunullber of very nullonullnull innullonulle renters enullpnullain nullnull.nullpernullent of nenull orst nullase needsnulland the housingnullnullarnullet driven innullreases in innullidennulle enullpnullain nullnull.nullpernullent of nenullnullorst nullase needs. nullnullhibit nullnullnull inullnullustrates the resunullts of the attribution ananullysis. The househonulld fornullation and renter share pnullayed onnully a nullinor ronulle. nullentnull er innullonulle nullossesnullin nullontrastnullnullere a nullrunullianullfanulltornullbenullause fanullnulling innullonulles drove hundreds of thousands of higher innullonulle renters into the nullategory of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith nullorst nullase needs. The rentanullassistannulle gap nullas anullso signinullnullant benullause no innullrease in housing assistannulle onullnullurred in proportion to the surge. The nullonullpetition for affordabnulle units had the greatest ronulle in this ananullysisnullinnullreasing the innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs through disnull pnullanullenullentnullabsorption of vanullannulliesnulland upnullard pressure on rents. Homeonullnership nullrisis and Recession The share of renters anullong null.S. househonullds nullight have been enullpenullted to pnullay a signinullnullant ronulle in innullreasing nullorst nullase needs during the renullent subprinulle nullortgage and honulleonullnership nullrises. During the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnullnunullerous very nullonullnullinnullonulle honulleonullners onnulle again benullonulle renters. Anullthough this AnullS ananullysis does not denullonnull strate that forenullnullosed honulleonullners frenulluentnully benullanulle renters nullith nullorst nullase needsnullthis nullay in fanullt have onullnullurred. nullnullD tabunullations of the nullurrent Popunullation Survey nullnullPSnullshonullthat the honulleonullner null ship rate for househonullds nullith innullonulles benullonull the AMnull fenullnull by null.nullpoints during this periodnullfronull null.nullpernullent in the third nulluarter of nullnullnullnullto nullnull.nullpernullent in the third nulluarter of nullnullnullnull. The AnullS data are not nullnullearnullnullut about the fanullts undernullying nullhanges in tenurenullbut honulleonullnership nullosses by very nullonullnullinnullonulle and subnull prinulle honulleonullners nullay have been nullonnulleanulled in these data by honulle purnullhases by higher innullonulle renters that nullinullited the overanullnullgronullth in renters. nullonullpared nullith the null.nullnullpoint denullnulline in the benullonullnullnullediannull innullonulle honulleonullnership ratenullthe nullPS data shonullthat the overanullnull honulleonullnership rate denullnullined by a nullunullh snullanullnuller null.nullpoints betnulleen the third nulluarters of nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullnullfronullnullnull.nullto nullnull.nullpernullent. The fanullt that honulleonullner innullonulles snullid donullnnullard substantianullnully fronull nullnullnullnullto nullnullnullnullis anullso suggestive. Despite an innullrease of nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. DnullnullOnullRnullPHnullnull nullnullD nullnullOnullOnullnullnull nullnullUSnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullSnullnullnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDSnull 2nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null Added W orst Case nulleds nullnullnullnull Household Formation nullnull Renter Share nullnull Renter nullcome nullsses nullnullnull Rental Assistance nullp nullnullnull Affordable nullit Competition nullnullnull nullt Change in Worst Case nulleds nullnullnull nullnulleases Denull eases nullt nullsunull

21 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 3. undeRstanding the tRend in WoRst Case needs null nullnull nullnull. null BLS nullnullnullBLS nullnull. null nullte that AMnullis nullnullunullted on the basis of anull househonullsnullnot nullst renters. in the totanullnunullber of honulleonullnersnulla nearnully enulluivanullent denullrease onullnullurred in those nullith innullonulles above nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullanullnullonullnull panied by an innullrease of null.nullnull inullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle honulleonullners nullsee tabnulle Anullnullbnull. Finanullnullynullthe nunullber of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullight have innullreased even nullore rapidnully if unrenullated individuanulls had not doubnulled up into nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenullnullother nonfanullinullynullhousehonullds nullsee enullhibit nullnullnullnull. nullndinull viduanulls nullhose innullonulles fanullnullbenullonullthe very nullonullnullinnullonulle threshonulld nullight not fornullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle househonullds nullhen they poonulltheir resournulles and share housing. Doubnulling up anullso nullounulld henullp enullpnullain the nullonuller rate of househonulld fornullation and the nullat proportion of rentnull ers observed during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. A nullanullor nullause of denullnullines in tenant innullonulle nullas the rapid innullrease in unenullpnulloynullent during the renullession and the persistennulle of unenullnull pnulloynullent after the renullession ofnullnullianullnully ended. The renullession ofnullnullianullnully onullnullurred entirenully nullithin the nullidnullnullnullnullnullto nullidnullnullnullnullnullperiod for nullhinullh nullhanges in nullorst nullase needs are estinullatednullit began in Denullenullnull ber nullnullnullnulland ended nullith the trough in the business nullynullnulle in nullune nullnullnullnull. nullnull The inullpanullt on unenullpnulloynullent nullas dranullatinull. nulln Septenullber nullnullnullnullnullthe unenullpnulloynullent rate nullas null.nullpernullent and null.null inullnullion peopnulle nullere unenullpnulloyed. nullnenullpnulloynullent doubnulled during the renullessionnullso that by Septenullber nullnullnullnullthe unenullpnulloynullent rate nullas null.nullpernullent and nullnull.nullnullinullnullion nullere unenullpnulloyed. nullnull nullhanges in the nullffordable Housing Supply nullnullhibits nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullin the previous senulltion presented the nullidenull spread denullnulline in avainullabinullity of affordabnulle rentanullunitsnullbut the reanull sons nullay not be nullnullear given the renullative stabinullity of the proportion of renters and honulleonullners. Sonulle additionanulldatanullinnullnulluding nulley nunullbers undernullying the nullhanges in avainullabnulle unit ratiosnullnullinullnullshed nullight on the issue. nullacancy RatesnullRentsnulland nullmpetition for Units nullnullhibit nullnullnullenullanullines the fanulltors responsibnulle for the nullhange in the avainullabinullity of affordabnulle units. During the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull periodnull the overanullnull .S. rentanullstonullnullinnullreased by null.nullpernullentnullor nullnullnullnullnullnullnullunitsnull and the nunullber of renters innullreased by a sinullinullar null.nullpernullentnullor nullnullnullnullnullnullnullhousehonullds. These nullhanges offer no indinullation of nullhy dranull nullatinullinnullreases in nullorst nullase needs arose. nullt shounulld be noted in enullhibit nullnullnullthat nullnullD innullonulle nullinullitsnull hinullh denullne the enulltrenullenully nullonullnullvery nullonullnulland nullonullnullinnullonulle nullategoriesnullinnullreased about nullpernullent during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. During the sanulle nullnullyear periodnullthe nulledian renternulls innullonulle innullreased by onnully null.nullpernull nullent. nullnull This differennulle indinullates that stagnant or denullreasing innullonulles nullay have anullnullonulled nullore renters to snullip benullonullthe innullonulle nullategory threshonullds. The innullreases in the nunullbers of enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnull.nullpernullentnulland very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnull.nullpernullentnullinullnull nullustrate that innullonulles snullippednulland suggest nullhy nullonullpetition for the nullost affordabnulle units gained strength. As the ananullysis at the beginning of this senulltion shonullednullinnullreased nullonullpetition for affordabnulle units nullas a nullanullor fanulltor in innullreasing the innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs. Suppnully and denulland fanulltors nullaused the nulledian housing nullost for anullnullrenters to innullrease by null.nullpernullent during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. nullent innullreases nullere nullore severe at the nullonullend of the nullarnullet. Mean rents innullreased by nullnull.nullpernullent for renters nullith very nullonullinnullonulles during nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull. nullPernullentage innullreases nullere about the sanulle for the nullnullnullnull pernullent of AMnulland the nullnullnullnullnullpernullent of AMnullgroups. See tabnulle Anullnullnull.null Anullthough innullreases in the nunullber of units enullnulleeded innullreases in rentnull ers on an overanullnullbasisnullthe situation is substantianullnully different at the nullonullnull er end of the affordabinullity snullanulle. For very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullaffordabnulle and avainullabnulle units denullreased by nullnullnullnullnullnullnullbut renters innullreased by nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull. For enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullaffordabnulle and avainullabnulle units denullreased by nullnullnullnullnullnullnullbut renters innullreased by nullnullnullnullnullnullnull. A signinullnullant part of the story is the redunulltion in vanullant units that onullnullurred at nullonuller rent ranges. nullnullhibit nullnullnullinullnullustrates that nullnullnullnullnullnullnull fenuller units affordabnulle to enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullere vanullant in nullnullnullnullthan in nullnullnullnull. Very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullost nullnullnullnullnullnullnullvanullant units. Anullross the entire nullarnulletnulla net innullrease of nullnullnullnullnullnullnullvanullant units onullnullurred nullostnully anullong units renting for nullore than very nullonullnullinnullonulle fanullinullies nullounulld afford. The absorption of the nullost affordabnulle vanullant units in the nullarnullet is nullonsistent nullith the surge of poor renters that onullnullurred as a resunullt of shrinnulling innullonulles and nullortgage forenullnullosures. Tanullen togethernull the absorption of vanullant unitsnullthe innullrease in dispnullanullenullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnulland the innullrease in the rents they paid paint a nullonullpenullnulling pinullture of the inullpanullt of innullreasing nullarnullet nullonullpetinull tion fronull nullnullnullto nullnullnullnull. These fanulltors shonullthat denullographinull and nullanullroenullononullinullnull hanges in the popunullation of unassisted very nullonullnull innullonulle renters nullay have a direnullt effenullt on nullorst nullase needs. The direnullt effenulltnullhonullevernullis enullanullerbated by the effenullt of nullonullpetition for affordabnulle housing. nulloncluding Summary An ananullysis of the effenullts of the innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs on the nationnulls popunullation of vunullnerabnulle very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters and the effenullts of popunullation nullhange during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod indinullates that nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenull ases of nullorst nullase needs nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullresunullted fronulldenullographinull hangesnulland null nullnullnullnullnenull ases nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull fronullnullhanges in innullidennulle.

22 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research Four denullographinullfanulltors affenullt the nunullber of unassisted very nullonullnull innullonulle renters nullho are susnulleptibnulle to nullorst nullase needs. nullationanull househonulld fornullation anullnullounts for a snullanullnull franulltion of nenull nullorst nullase needsnull .nullpernullent of the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullinnullrease. nullhanges in the renter share of househonullds nullere negnulligibnullenullnullausing a null.nullnullpernullent denullrease in nullorst nullase needs. The nullanullor denullographinullfanulltors nullere renter innullonulle nullosses that nullaused renters to snullip into the very nullonullnull innullonulle popunullation. This fanulltor anullnullounted for nullnull.nullpernullent of adnull ditionanull orst nullase needsnullor nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenull ases. Finanullnullynullthe gap in rentanullassistannulle renullative to gronulling need anullnullounts for nullnull.nullpernullent of nenullnullasesnullor nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenullnullases. The prinullary nullauses of innullreased nullorst nullase needs are enullononullinull in naturenullinvonullving the nullnull.nullpernullent of nenullnullases resunullting fronull renullessionnulldriven nullosses of renter innullonulle nullpart of the denullographinull shiftnull and the nullnull.null pernullent nullonulling fronull housingnullnullarnullet driven innullreases in innullidennulle of severe housing probnullenulls. Linullitednullbut suggestivenullevidennulle indinullates that supernullnullianullnully stabnulle tenure data do not dispnullay the effenullt of forenullnullosures and other nullosses of honulleonullnership enullperiennulled by renullent honullebuyers during the nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullperiod. Losses of honulleonullnership by benullonullnullAMnullhousehonullds nullay be nullonnulleanulled by honulle purnullhases by higher innullonulle renters even though innullonulles are generanullnully denullnullining. Forenullnullosed honulleonullnnull ers nullounulld nullinullenully innullrease the poonulls of very nullonullnullinnullonulle and enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullhinullh anulltuanullnully innullreased by a substantianullnull.null and null.nullpernullentnullrespenulltivenullynullduring the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. An inullnull portant nullause of innullonulle nullosses nullas the doubnulling of unenullpnulloynullent during the renullessionnullfronullnull.nullpernullent nullnull.nullnullinullnullion peopnullenullin Sepnull tenullber nullnullnullnullto null.nullpernullent unenullpnulloynullent nullnullnull.nullnullinullnullion peopnullenullin Septenullber nullnullnullnull. nulligher innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs anullong unassisted very nullonullnull innullonulle renters prinullarinully renullenullts innullreased nullonullpetition for snullarnulle affordabnulle units. nullapid gronullth in the nunullber of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters both innullreases the nunullber of househonullds seenulling eanullh afnull fordabnulle unitnulland nullhen innullonulles suddennully denullnullinenull an nullause rents that nullere fornullernully affordabnulle to benullonulle severe burdens. Severanull nulley statistinulls denullnstrate the greater nullonullpetition for afnull fordabnulle units in the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnullthe null.nullnullpernullent innullrease in nulledian gross rent nullnullonullpared nullith onnully a null.nullnullpernullent innullrease

nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnull2. FnullnullnullORS nullnullPnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullHnullnullnullnullS nullnullRnullnullnullnullnullHOUSnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullRnullnullnullnull2nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull nulltremely nullnullnullcome nullnullnullnullnullnull nullery nullnull nullcome nullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullcome nullnullnullnullnullnull nullotal nullmulative Households nullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Pernullntage nullange nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullmulative nullfordable and nullvailable Housing Units nullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Pernullntage nullange nullnull.null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullcome nullmit nullediannullnullrrent Dollarsnull nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null Pernullntage nullange nullnull nullnull nullnull null nulldian Household nullcome nullll Rentersnullnullrrent Dollarsnull nullnull null null null nullnullnullnull nullnull null null null nullnullnullnull Pernullntage nullange null null null nullnull nulldian nullnthly Housing nullst nullll Rentersnullnullrrent Dollarsnull nullnull null null null nullnull nullnull null null null nullnull Pernullntage nullange null null null nullnull AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

23 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH seCtion 3. undeRstanding the tRend in WoRst Case needs nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullHnullnullnullnull nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS nullnull nullFFORDnullnullnullnullnullnullnull OF Rnullnullnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null null nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullntanullnullits nullinullionsnull Affordabinullty nulltegory nullernullnt of AMnullneeded to afford the highest rent in the nulltegorynull in nulledian renter innullonullenullnulla nullnull.nullnullpernullent innullrease in gross rents of very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnulland the net absorption of nullnullnullnullnullnullnullvanullant units affordabnulle to very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. Anullhough the pinullure of gronullng nullrst nullse needsnull in generanull is bnullanull there is reason to hope that nullrst nullse needs nully again denull nulline. The nullnulloenullnonullnullfanullors that nulleated great pressures for very nullnullinnullnull rentanullhousing are nullnullnull to ease as the rebound fronull renullssion anullenullrates. nullverthenullssnullnullen nullre than nullpernullnt of the nationnull househonulls enulleriennull this fornullof hardshipnullthe need for prioritizing assisted housing in nationanullponullnull denullberations has never been greater.

Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress

24 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research Bureau of Labor Statistinulls. nullnullnullnull. nullThe nullditornulls Desnull.nullhttpnullnullnullnullnullnull.bnulls.govnullopubnulltednullnullnullnullnullnull onulltnullnullnullnullnullrtnullnull.htnullnullanullnullessed nullovenullber nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull. nullnullnull. nullnullnullnull. nullThe nullditornulls Desnull.nullhttpnullnullnullnullnullnull.bnulls.govnullopubnulltednullnullnullnullnullnulltednullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull.htnull nullanullnullessed nullovenullber nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull. nulloint nullenter for nullousing Studies of nullarvard nullniversity. nullnullnullnull. nulltate of tnulle Nationnulls Housing: 200null. nullanullbridgenullMAnullnulloint nullenter for nullousing Studies of nullarvard nullniversity. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull. nullnullhs.harvard.edunullpubnullinullationsnullnullarnulletsnullonnullnullnullnullnullindenull.htnullnullanullnullessed nullanuary nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull. Khaddurinull nullinullnullnull Kinullbernully Burnettnull and David nullodda. nullnullnullnull. nullargeting Housing nullrodunulltion nullubsidies: nulliterature Revienull. Washingtonnull Dnullnull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullnull opnullentnull fnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullpubnullinullationsnull pdfnulltargetingnullitrevienull.pdf nullanullnullessed nullanuary nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull. nullationanullBureau of nullnullononullinull esearnullh. nullnullnullnull. Minutes of Business nullynullnulle Dating nullonullnullittee. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.nber.orgnullnullynullnullesnulleptnullnullnullnull.htnullnullnullanullnullessed nullovenullber nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull. null.S. nullensus Bureau. nullnullnullnull. Amerinullan Housing nullurvey for tnulle nullnited nulltates: 200null. Series nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull ousing and nullousehonulld nullnullononullinullStatistinulls Division. WashingtonnullDnullnull .S. nullennull sus Bureau. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.nullensus.govnullhhesnullnullnullnullnullhousingnullhsnullhs.htnullnull. null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullent nullnullnullDnull. nullnullnullnull. nullerformannulle and Anullnull nullountability Reportnullnullisnullal nullear 2009 . WashingtonnullDnullnullnull.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullent. null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull fnullnulle of nullonullnullunity Pnullanning and Denull venullopnullent nullnullnullDnullnullPDnull. nullnullnullnull. nullnulle 2009 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress. WashingtonnullDnullnullnull.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of nullonullnullunull nity Pnullanning and Devenullopnullent. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullportanullnullpubnullinullationsnullpovsonullnullharnullnull. htnullnull. null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh nullnullnullDnullPDnullnullnull. nullnullnullnulla. Codeboonullfor tnulle Amerinullan Housing nullurveynullnullublinullnullse nullile: null99nulland nullater . WashingtonnullDnullnull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnulldatasetsnullhsnullhsprev. htnullnull. nullnullnullnullRnullnullURnull nullnullnullnullD

25 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH literature Cited nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullb. nullrograms of Hnullnullnull200null: nullanullor nullortgagenullnullrantnull Assistannulle and Regulatory nullrograms. WashingtonnullDnullnull .S. Departnull nullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull fnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnull nullent and nullesearnullh. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullportanullnullpubnullinullationsnull progsnullofnullhud.htnullnull. nullnullnull. nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullnullnullationanullAnullerinullan nullousing Survey Additions to nullodeboonull.null httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullportanullnulldatasetsnullahsnullahsdatanullnull. htnullnullanullnullessed nullanuary nullnullnullnullnullnullnull. nulldditional Reading null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh. nullnullnullnull. Housing Needs of nullersons Witnull nullisabilities: nullupplemental nullindings to tnulle Affordable Housing Needs 200nullReport . WashingtonnullDnullnullnull.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullpubnullinullationsnullffhsgnullffhsgneedsdis.htnullnull.

26 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

27 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing data on Housing problems and supply oF aFFordable Housing table a–1a. Housing Conditions of renter Househonullds nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null table a–1b. Housing Conditions of onullner Househonullds nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null table a–2a. Housing Conditions of renters nullnd onullnersnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller of Househonullds nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–2b. Housing Conditions of renters nullnd onullnersnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullPernullentnullge of Househonullds nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–3. Housing Conditions of unnullssisted renter Househonullds nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenull nullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–4. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong renters nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenull nullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–5a. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–5b. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith Disnullnullinullities nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–nulla. Housing Pronullnullenulls nullnd Chnullrnullnullteristinulls of nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–nullb. Housing Pronullnullenulls nullnd Chnullrnullnullteristinulls of enulltrenullenullnull lonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–null. Housing Pronullnullenulls nullnd Chnullrnullnullteristinulls of nullorst Cnullse renters nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–null. Housing Pronullnullenulls nullnd Chnullrnullnullteristinulls of enulltrenullenullnull lonullnullinnullonulle nullorst Cnullse renters nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–9. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnull rnullnulle nullnd ethninullitnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–10. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnull regionnullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullgenullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull table a–11. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnull metronullonullitnulln lonullnulltionnullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–12. Househonullds onullnullunullnulling unullsnull rentnullnull units nullnull affordnullnullinullitnullof rent nullnd innullonulle of onullnullunullnullntsnullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null table a–13. renters nullnd rentnullnull units affordnullnullnulle nullnd anullnullinullnullnullnulle to thenullnullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull table a–14. anullernullge innullonulle nullnd anullernullge gross rent of renter Househonullds nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null nullnullPPnullnullDnullnull

28 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF RnullnullnullnullR HOUSnullHOnullDS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull Household nullcome as Percentage of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome 2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null nulll nullcomes nullotal households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull a nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull a nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnullnull nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull null2 2null nullnull nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only b nullnull2 nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull null2 nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth no problems nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Household nullcome as Percentage of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome 2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null nulll nullcomes nullotal households nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull a nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull a nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnull 2null nullnull nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only b nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnullnull nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull

a See tabnulle Anullnullfor housing probnullenulls enullperiennulled by unassisted renters. b See Tabnulle Anullnullfor estinullates of the innullidennulle of nonnullsevere probnullenulls nullithout regard to nullhether severe probnullenulls are anullso present. Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

29 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF OnullnullnullR HOUSnullHOnullDS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull Household nullcome as Percentage of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome 2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null nulll nullcomes nullotal households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted null null null null null null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull 2null2null null2null null2 nullnullnull nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull 2null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth no problems nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullnull Household nullcome as Percentage of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome 2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null nulll nullcomes nullotal households nullnullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted null null null null null null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth no problems nullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull

Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

30 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullotal households nullnullnullnull null2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullonulled housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullonulled housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Onuller households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted null null null null null null nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnull2null. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullD OnullnullnullRSnullnull nullnullnullnull2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR OF HOUSnullHOnullDS Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

31 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnull2null. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullD OnullnullnullRSnull nullnullnullnullnull2nullnullnullnullPnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullHOnullDS nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullotal households nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullst burden nullnull of innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Renter households nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null Assisted null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Onuller households nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null Assisted null null null null null null nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null null.null nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

32 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF UnullnullSSnullSnullnullD RnullnullnullnullR HOUSnullHOnullDS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull Household nullcome as Percentage of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome 2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null nulll nullcomes nullotal unassisted households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull null22null nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnull2null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2null2null nullnull 2null nullnull nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull nullnd rent nullFair Marnullt nullntnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull nullnull2 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnull null22null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null22null nullnullnull nullnullnull Household nullcome as Percentage of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome 2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null nulll nullcomes nullotal unassisted households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnull2 nullnullnull 2nullnullnull nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull 2null null2 nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull nullnd rent nullFair Marnullt nullntnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnull nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

33 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF nullnull nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullcome nullnullnullnullHnullFnullnullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnull2 null.2null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnull2 null.null null.null

34 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF nullnull nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullcome nullnullnullnullHnullFnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullcome nullnullnullnullHnullFnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth severe problems nullnull null2 null2null null2null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull 2nullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null

35 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF nullnull nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullcome nullnullnullnull HnullFnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth severe problems 2null 2null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull null null nullnull nullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a null null nullnull nullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullcome null2null HnullFnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnull null nullnull nullnull nully nullth severe problems nullnull nullnull 2.null 2.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull null null nullnull nullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a null null nullnull nullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull null2 null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullAMFnullnullnullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle. a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

36 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullderly nullthout children nullnullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull Families nullth children nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems 2nullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only 2nullnull 2nullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null

37 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull Other families nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing null null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing null null nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnull 2null 2nullnull null.null Other nonfamily nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems 2nullnull 2nullnull null.2null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnull 2nullnull null.null a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

38 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullnullH DnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull nullderly nullthout children nullnullnullnull null nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null nullnull Assisted null null.null nully nullth severe problems null null.2null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull nullnt burden onnull a null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null null.2null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing null null.null nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnt burden onnull null null.null nully nullth no problems null null.null Families nullth children nullnullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null nullnull Assisted nullnull null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnull null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull null.null Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnull null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing null nullnull nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull null.null nully nullth no problems nullnull null.null

39 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullnullH DnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull Other families nullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null nullnull Assisted nullnull null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnull null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull null.null Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnull null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing null nullnull nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnt burden onnull null null.null nully nullth no problems null 2nullnull Other nonfamily nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null nullnull Assisted nullnull null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnull null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull null.null Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnull null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing null nullnull nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull null.null nully nullth no problems 2null 22.null a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

40 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnull OF 2null nullotal nullderlynull null nullildren Families nullth nullildren Other Families Other nullnfamily Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnuller of nullinullren nullnullnull null nullnullnull null null nullnuller of peopnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullinullrennullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Peopnullnullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnull 2nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull null nullnull null null nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nully nullth no problems null2null nullnull nullnullnull 2null nullnull

Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress

41 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2 OF 2null nullotal nullderlynull null nullildren Families nullth nullildren Other Families Other nullnfamily Other nullaracteristics nulle person in househonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null nullnullnull nullsbandnullife fanullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull null Fenullnull head nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Minority head nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull AFDnullSonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull SonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnullof poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullgh snulloonullgraduate nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Tnullnullyears post high snulloonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullrnings at nullninullnullnullgenull At nullast hanull tinull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull At nullast funull tinull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullrnings nullin sournull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullusing rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullusing rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullighborhood rated poor nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullighborhood rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullntranullnullties nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Suburbs nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Midnullst nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull South nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull West nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull AFDnullnullAid to Fanullinullies nullith Dependent nullhinulldren. a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

42 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnull OF 2null nullotal nullderlynull null nullildren Families nullth nullildren Other Families Other nullnfamily Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnull2 nullnull nullnullnull nullnuller of nullinullren nullnullnull null nullnullnull null null nullnuller of peopnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullinullrennullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Peopnullnullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull2 nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull null nullnull null null nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nully nullth no problems nullnull2 nullnull nullnull null nullnull

43 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2 OF 2null nullotal nullderlynull null nullildren Families nullth nullildren Other Families Other nullnfamily Other nullaracteristics nulle person in househonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null nullnullnull nullsbandnullife fanullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null Fenullnull head nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Minority head nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull AFDnullSonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull SonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnullof poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullgh snulloonullgraduate nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Tnullnullyears post high snulloonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullrnings at nullninullnullnullgenull At nullast hanull tinull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull At nullast funull tinull nullnullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullrnings nullin sournull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullusing rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullusing rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullighborhood rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullighborhood rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullntranullnullties nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Suburbs nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Midnullst nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull South nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull West nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull AFDnullnullAid to Fanullinullies nullith Dependent nullhinulldren. a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

44 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnull OF 2null nullotal nullderlynull null nullildren Families nullth nullildren Other Families Other nullnfamily Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnull 2nullnull nullnuller of nullinullren nullnullnull null nullnullnull null null nullnuller of peopnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullinullrennullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Peopnullnullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null null null null null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null null null null null Assisted null null null null null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null null null null null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null null null null null Moderatenull inadenullate housing null null null null null nullonulled housing null null null null null nullnt burden onnull null null null null null nully nullth no problems null null null null null

45 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2 OF 2null nullotal nullderlynull null nullildren Families nullth nullildren Other Families Other nullnfamily Other nullaracteristics nulle person in househonull nullnullnull nullnullnull null null nullnullnull nullsbandnullife fanullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null Fenullnull head nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Minority head nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull AFDnullSonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull SonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnullof poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullgh snulloonullgraduate nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Tnullnullyears post high snulloonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullrnings at nullninullnullnullgenull At nullast hanull tinull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull At nullast funull tinull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullrnings nullin sournull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullusing rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullusing rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullighborhood rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullighborhood rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullntranullnullties nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Suburbs nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull Midnullst nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull South nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull West nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull AFDnullnullAid to Fanullinullies nullith Dependent nullhinulldren. a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

46 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnull OF 2null nullotal nullderlynull null nullildren Families nullth nullildren Other Families Other nullnfamily Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnuller of nullinullren nullnullnull null nullnullnull null null nullnuller of peopnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullinullrennullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Peopnullnullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null null null null null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null null null null null Assisted null null null null null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null null null nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null null null null null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null null null null null Moderatenull inadenullate housing null null null null null nullonulled housing null null null null null nullnt burden onnull null null null null null nully nullth no problems null null null null null

47 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2 OF 2null nullotal nullderlynull null nullildren Families nullth nullildren Other Families Other nullnfamily Other nullaracteristics nulle person in househonull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull nullsbandnullife fanullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnull null Fenullnull head nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull Minority head nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull AFDnullSonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull SonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnullof poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullgh snulloonullgraduate nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull Tnullnullyears post high snulloonull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullrnings at nullninullnullnullgenull At nullast hanull tinull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull At nullast funull tinull nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullrnings nullin sournull of innullnull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullusing rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullusing rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullighborhood rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull nullighborhood rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullntranullnullties nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Suburbs nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull Midnullst nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull South nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull West nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull AFDnullnullAid to Fanullinullies nullith Dependent nullhinulldren. a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

48 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullHnullnullnullnullnullnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnnullispanic nullite nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only 2nullnull 2nullnull null.null 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2null2null 2null2null nullnnullispanic nullacnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null2null nullnull2 null.null 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnull null2 2nullnull null.null

49 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullHnullnullnullnullnullnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull Hispanic nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Assisted nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null2null nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnull null.null null.null a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

50 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull RnullnullnullOnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullrtheast nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems null2 nullnull 22.null 2nullnull nulldnullst nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.2null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnull null2 2nullnull 2nullnull

51 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull RnullnullnullOnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull South nullnullnullnull nullnull2 nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems 2null2null nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullest nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Assisted nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null2null null2null null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnull null.null null.null a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

52 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullntral cities nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null nullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull null2null null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only 2null2null 2nullnull null.null 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Suburbs nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems 2nullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.2null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2null2null null.null

53 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null nullmber Percentage 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnmetropolitan nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull2 nullnull null.null 2nullnull nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnull null2 2nullnull 2nullnull U.S. total nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull a nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nully nullth no problems nullnullnull null2null 2nullnull null.2null a The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

54 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull2. HOUSnullHOnullDS OnullnullUPnullnullnullnull U.S. Rnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS nullnull nullFFORDnullnullnullnullnullnullnull OF Rnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullOnullnull OF OnullnullUPnullnullnullSnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull Relative nullcome of Households Occupied and nullacant Rental Units nullnullnullnullby Unit null fordability nulltegory nullercent of HnullFnullneeded to afford the highest rent in the categorynull 2nullnull nullnull 2null null null null null null null null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullotal nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull null≤nullnullnullMFnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null null nullnull nullnullnull Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullotal null2null 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 null2 null2 2nullnull nullnullnull Vanullnt units for rent null null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Relative nullcome of Households Occupied and nullacant Rental Units nullnullnullnullby Unit null fordability nulltegory nullercent of HnullFnullneeded to afford the highest rent in the categorynull 2nullnull null null 2null null null null null null null null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullotal nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull null≤nullnullnullMFnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnullnull Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null null nullnull nullnullnull Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullotal nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null2 null2 2nullnull nullnullnull Vanullnt units for rent nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullAMFnullnullnullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle. nullThe nullnullpernullent of nullAMFnullnullategory innullnulludes units onullnullupied nullith no nullash rent. Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

55 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullD Rnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS nullFFORDnullnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullO nullHnullnull nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnull2nullnullnull nullnull 2nullnull c 2nullnull 2nullnull d 2nullnull 2nullnull Renter Households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull null≤nullnullnullMFnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullfordable Units a nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull null≤nullnullnullMFnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullfordable and nullvailable Units b nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull null≤nullnullnullMFnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullAMFnullnullnullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle. a Affordabnulle units are rentanullunits nullnullhether vanullant or onullnullupiednullthat rent for no nullore than nullnullpernullent of spenullinulled innullonulle nullevenulls nullrenullative to the nullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonullenull. b Affordabnulle and avainullabnulle units are rentanullunits that are affordabnulle as desnullribed in footnote a and that anullso are either nullurrentnully avainullabnulle for rent or are anullready onullnullupied by a househonulld nullith the spenullinulled innullonulle nullevenull. null nullstinullates for nullnullnullare based on nullnullnullnullnullensus nulleights rather than the nullnullnullnullensus nulleights used enullsenullhere in this report. d The estinullates of units for nullnullnullnullere erroneous as originanullnully pubnullished but are nullorrenullted in this version. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

56 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullRnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullRnullnullnull nullROSS Rnullnullnull OF RnullnullnullnullR HOUSnullHOnullDS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull Household nullcome as Percentage of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome 2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null nulll nullcomes nullotal households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnullnull nullverage monthly income nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullverage gross rent nullnull nullnull nullnull null2null nullnullnull null2null nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull Household nullcome as Percentage of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome 2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null nulll nullcomes nullotal households nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullverage monthly income nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2null nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull Assisted nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullverage gross rent nullnull nullnull nullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data

57 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix b. suPPlemental enullHibits nullnullPPnullnullDnullnull nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullRDnullS nullnullnull nullnullnullnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull HOUSnullnullnull nullnullnullDS nullnull 2nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullOnullSnull null2null nullnull null2null nullnull nullnull 2.null Worst Case nulleds nullnull nullher Renters nullnullnull nullassisted nullery nullnullnullcome Renters nullnullnull Renters With Severely nulladenullate Housing nullnull Renters With Severe Rent nullrden nullnull Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data supplemental exHibits

58 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

FMnullnullFair Marnullet nullent. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. Rnullnullnullnullnull SnullOnullnull OF nullnullnullOnullnullFnullR UnullnullnullSnull2 nullnullnull Renters nullnullnullnull Housing Units nullnullnullnull Housing Units per nullnullRenters nullfordable nullfordable and nullvailable nullfordablenull nullvailablenull and nullenullate nullfordable nullfordable and nullvailable nullfordablenull nullvailablenull and nullenullate nulll 2nullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null2.2 null.null null.null nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Midnullst nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null South nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null West nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullties nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null Suburbs nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnull2. nullFFORDnullnullnullnull Rnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS FRnullnullUnullnullnullnullnull nullRnull OnullnullUPnullnullD nullnull HnullnullHnullR nullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRSnull2 nullnullnull AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data null null null null null null null null null null null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullntanullnullits nullinullionsnull nullit Affordabinullty nullernullnt of AMnullneeded to afford the highest rent in the nulltegorynull nullnters nullth innullnulls nullnull AMnull nullnters nullth innullnulls nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnters nullth innullnulls nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnters nullth innullnulls nullnullnullnullAMnull Vanullnt units for rent

59 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix C. Federal Housing assistanCe and aFFordable Housing programs nullnullPPnullnullDnullnull Federal Housing assistanCe and aFFordable Housing programs The null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullent nullnullnullDnullprovides rentanullhousing assistannulle through three nulley progranullsnull null Public housing. Provides affordabnull housing to nullnullnullnullion fanullnulles through units onulled and nullnaged by nullnullnullpubnullnullhousing agennulles nullnullsnull Fanullnulles are renullired to pay null pernullnt of their innullnull for rent. null Pronullctnullased assisted housing. Provides assistannull to nullnullnullnullion fanullnulles nullving in privatenull onulled rentanullhousing. The assistannull is attanulled to the unitsnullnullinull are renull served for nullnullinnullnull fanullnulles that are renullired to pay null pernullnt of their innullnull for rent. null nullenantnullased rental assistance. The Senullion nullvounuller progranullsuppnullnullnts rent paynullnts of nullre than nullnullnullnullion fanullnulles in the private rentanullnullrnullt. The progranullis adnullnistered through state and nullnullnullhousing agennulles. Anullhough null pernull nullnt of innullnull is the rent basenullnenullfanullnulles often pay nullre and use these portabnull subsidies to nullnullte housing of their nulloinull. A nunullber of other federanullhousing progranulls produnulle affordabnulle housingnulltypinullanullnully nullith shanullnullonuller subsidies. Anullthough these units are often nullore affordabnulle than nullarnulletnullrate unitsnull ithout additionanullrent subsidies nullsunullh as vounullhersnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle fanullinullies nullounulld often have to pay nullenullnull ore than nullnullpernullent of their innullonulle under these progranullsnull null nullnullnullcome Housing nullanullnulledit Program. Tanullnulledits offered to investors by the Treasury Departnullnt subsidize the nullpitanullnullsts of units that have rents affordabnull to househonulls nullth innullnulls at or benullnullnull pernullnt of the Area Median nullnullnull nullMnull. null HOnull nullvestment Partnership. Provides annuanullfornullnull grants to state and nullnull nullnullgovernnullnts that nulln be used to assist honullonullersnullnullstnullinull honullbuyersnullor renters. To nullanullfynullrents nullst be affordabnull to househonulls nullth innullnulls at or benullnull null pernullnt of AMnullor nullst be benullnullnullnullnullFair Marnullt nullntsnullnullinullever is nullss. null Housing Opportunities for Persons nullth nullDS. Annuanullfornullnull and nullnulletitive grants are avainullbnull to state and nullnullnullgovernnullnts and nonpronull organizations for rentanullassistannull targeted to a spenullanullneeds popunulltion. null Older rental subsidy programs. Progranull nanulld for senullions of the nulltionanull nullusing Anullnullprinullrinull the Senullion nullnulldnullnull BenullnullMarnullt nullterest nullte Progranull and the Senullion nullnullMortgage Assistannull Progranull nullre anullive fronullthe earnull nullnulls through the earnull nullnulls. They nullre designed to produnull housing affordabnull for fanullnulles nullth innullnulls above the pubnullnullhousing innullnull nullnullts. For further detainullon nullnullD progranullrenulluirenullentsnullsee nullnullDnullPDnullnullnullnullnullnullnullbnull.

Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress

60 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research DnullPPnullnullDnullnull prenullious reports to Congress on Worst Case needs null nulliority nulloblems and nullWorst Casenull Needs in nullnull nullune nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullPDnull. null nulle nullnulltion of Worst Case Needs in tnull nullte nullnulls nullenullnuller nullnullnullnullDnullnullnull PDnull. null Worst Case Needs for Housing Assistannull in tnull nullited nullates in null90 and null9null nullune nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullPDnull. null Rental Housing Assistannull at a Crossroads: A Report to Congress on Worst Case Housing Needs nullarnull nullnullnull null Rental Housing Assistannull—nulle Crisis Continues nullprinullnullnullnull null Rental Housing Assistannull—nulle Worsening Crisis: A Report to Congress on Worst Case Housing Needs nullarnull nullnullnull null A Report on Worst Case Housing Needs in null99: Nenullnullportunity Amid Continuing Cnullllengesnullnullenulltive nullmmary nullanuary nullnullnull null nullrends in Worst Case Needs for Housingnullnullnullnullnull99 nullenullnuller nullnullnull null Affordable Housing Needs: A Report to Congress on tnulle nulligninullnullant Need for Housing nullenullnuller nullnullnull null Affordable Housing Needs 200null Report to Congress nullay nullnullnull null Housing Needs of nullrsons Witnullnullsabilities: nullpplemental nullndings to tnull Affordable Housing Needs 200nullReport nullebruary nullnullnull null Worst Case Housing Needs 200null A Report to Congress nullay nullnullnull These pubnullinullations are avainullabnulle on nulline at httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.org.

61 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix e. Data anD metHoDology nullnullPPnullnullDnullnull data and metHodology Using the nullmerican Housing Survey Data This report uses data fronullthe nullatest avainullabnulle Anullerinullan nullousing Survey nullAnullSnullin nullnullnullnull. The AnullS is sponsored by the null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and Devenullopnullent nullnullnullDnullnull nullondunullted by the null.S. nullensus Bureaunulland is the onnully detainulled periodinullnationanullhousnull ing survey in the nullnited States. nullt provides nationanullnully representative data on a nullide range of housing subnullenulltsnullinnullnulluding apartnullentsnullsingnullenullfanullinully honullesnull obinulle honullesnull vanullant honullesnullfanullinully nullonullpositionnullinnullonullenullhousing and neighborhood nulluanullitynullhousnull ing nullostsnullenulluipnullentnullfuenulltypenullsize of housing unitsnulland renullent nulloves. nullationanulldata are nullonullnullenullted every nullyears fronulla sanullpnulle of about nullnullnullnullnullnullhousing units. The surveynull nullhinullh started in nullnullnullnullnullhas sanullpnulled the sanulle housing units sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullit anullso sanullpnulles nenullnully nullonstrunullted units to ensure both nullontinuity and tinullenulliness of the data. nullnfornull nullation fronullthe nullorst nullase needs reports has henullped infornullpubnullinullponullinully denullisionsnull innullnulluding denullisions on targeting enullisting resournullesnulldeternullining the need for additionanull resournullesnulland the fornullhousing assistannulle shounulld tanulle. To anullnulluratenully estinullate nullorst nullase needs for federanullrentanullassistannulle fronullAnullS datanull nulle nullust deternulline nullhether househonulld innullonulles fanullnullbenullonullnullnullDnulls ofnullnullianullvery nullonullnull innullonulle nullinullits nullnullnullpernullent of nullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle nullnullAMFnullnullternulled AMnullin this reportnullnullnullnullhether a househonulld anullready renulleives housing assistannullenulland nullhether an unassisted innullonullenullenulligibnulle househonulld has one or nullore of the priority probnull nullenulls that fornullernully nullonferred preferennulle in tenant senullenulltion for assistannulle nullrent burdens enullnulleeding nullnullpernullent of innullonullenullsubstandard housingnullor invonulluntary dispnullanullenullentnull. nulleighting. Benullause the AnullS is based on a sanullpnulle of housing units rather than a nullensus of anullnullhousing unitsnullestinullates based on the data nullust be nullnulleighted upnullso that totanulls for eanullh year nullatnullh independent estinullates of the totanullhousing stonullnulland better represent the funullnullhousing stonullnull. The nullensus Bureau nulleights up responses to anullnullount for undernulloverage of househonullds nullabout null.nullpernullentnulland househonulld nonresponse nullabout nullnullpernullentnull. The nulleights for nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullAnullS data used in this report are based on the nullnullnullnullnullensus of nullousingnullnullith adnullustnullents for estinullated nullhange sinnulle then. nullnullclusions. nullousehonullds reporting innullonulles that are zero or negative are enullnullnulluded fronullestinullates of nullorst nullase needsnullanullthough they are innullnulluded in nullounts of totanull househonullds. nullf sunullh househonullds pay rents greater than the Fair Marnullet nullent nullhinulle renull porting zero or negative innullonullesnullthen their innullonulle situation is presunulled tenullporarynull and so they are innullnulluded and higher innullonulles are inullputed to thenull.

62 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research Household and Family nullypes nullousehonullds and fanullinulliesnullnulln this reportnull the ternulls nullfanullinullynull and nullhousehonulldnullare not internullhangeabnulle ternulls. Anullthough anullnullfanullinullies are househonulldsnullnot anullnullhousehonullds are fanullinullies. nullnullousehonulldnulltypes innull nullnullude househonullds nullith renullativesnullhousehonullds nullith nullhinulldrennullenulldernully singnulle peopnulle age nullnullor onulldernulland singnulle peopnulle nullith disabinullities. nullFanullinulliesnullrefers onnully to a subset of househonullds in nullhinullh one or nullore peopnulle are renullated to another househonulld nullenullber by birthnull arriagenull or adoption. Families nullith children. nullousehonullds nullith a nullhinulld under age nullnull present. They are presunulled to nulleet the denullnition of a fanullinully through renullation by birth or adoption nullinnullnulluding grandparents as parentsnull. nulllderly households. nullousehonulld in nullhinullh at nulleast one househonullder or spouse is age nullnullor onulldernulland no nullhinulldren are present. Other families. nullousehonullds nullith a nonenulldernully househonullder and no nullhinulldren in nullhinullh either one or nullore peopnulle is renullated to the housenull honullder by birthnullnullarriagenullor adoptionnullor one or nullore subfanullinullies reside there that have nullenullbers renullated to eanullh other by birthnull arnull riagenullor adoption. Other nonfamilies. nullousehonullds nullith a singnulle nonenulldernully person nullivnull ing anullone or onnully nullith nonrenullatives. The nullother nonfanullinullynullsubgroup appearing in tabnulle Anullnulla and others anullnullounts for a signinullnullant propornull tionnullnullnullpernullentnullof househonullds nullith nullorst nullase needsnulleven after enullnullnulluding those nullith disabinullities. Most of these househonullds are singnulle peopnulle nulliving anullonenullrather than unrenullated peopnulle sharing housing. Disabilities. Before nullnullnullnullnullthe AnullS nullontained no direnullt nulluestions that nullounulld asnullertain nullhether individuanulls suffered fronulldisabinullities. Worst nullase needs reports for nullnullnullnull and earnullier years identinulled househonullds nullontaining peopnulle nullith disabinullities using various fornulls of innullonullenullbased pronullies. Disabnulled househonullds nullere nullnullnullnot fanullinull nullies nullith nullhinulldrennullnullnullnullnot enulldernully househonulldsnulland nullnullnullrenulleiving sonulle fornullof innullonulle or governnullent assistannulle that indinullates that an adunullt nullith disabinullities is present in the househonulld. Beginning nullith the nullnullnullnull AnullSnulldirenullt nulluestions about inullpairnullents and difnullnullunullties nullith anulltivinull ties of dainully nulliving are asnulled about eanullh househonulld nullenullbernullinnullnulluding nullhinulldren. This nullorst nullase needs reportnullthereforenulladdresses disnull abinullity on the basis of peopnulle identinulled nullith these probnullenulls. nullnulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullities are not nullounted benullause of the prevanullennulle of disabinullities assonulliated nullith aging. A forthnullonulling suppnullenullentanull report nullinullnull fonullus on nenull data about peopnulle nullith disabinullities and nullorst nullase needs anullong househonullds nullontaining these individuanulls. Housing nullssistance Status nulln nullnullnullnullnullthe AnullS nulluestions intended to identify househonullds renulleivnull ing rentanullassistannulle nullere nullhanged in both nullontent and order fronull those used previousnully. After nullarefunullrevienullnullnullnullD and the nullensus Bureau adopted the fonullnullonulling pronulledure to identify assisted units in a nullay that produnulles resunullts that are nullore nullonullparabnulle to prenullnullnullnullnull data. These nulluestions nullere further renullned in nullnullnullnullas a resunullt of adnull ditionanullnullognitive researnullh. null Deternullne nullether the househonull nullst renullrtify in order to deternullne the rent it pays. null Deternullne nullether the rent is nullnullr benulluse of a federanull statenull or nullnullnullgovernnullnt housing progranull null Deternullne nullether the househonull has a housing vounullernullandnull if sonullnullether the vounuller nulln be used to nullve to another nullnulltion. null Deternullne nullether the housing authority is the househonullnulls nullndnullrd. null Deternullne nullether the househonull nulls assigned to its housing unit or nullether they nullre anullonulld to nulloose it thenullenulles. Housing Problems nullent or nullost burdennullA ratio betnulleen housing nullosts nullinnullnulluding utinullitiesnulland househonulld innullonulle that enullnulleeds nullnullpernullentnullnullhinullh is a nullonventionanullstandard for housing affordabinullity. To the enulltent that respondents underreport totanullinnullonullenullthe AnullS estinullates nullay overnull nullount the nunullber of househonullds nullith nullost burden. A nullseverenullnullost burden enullnulleeds nullnullpernullent of reported innullonulle. A nullnulloderatenull ost burden enullnulleeds nullnullpernullent but is nulless than or enulluanullto nullnullpernullent of reported innullonulle. nullnnully severe nullost burdens nulluanullify as potentianull nullorst nullase needs. nullousehonullds reporting zero or negative innullonulle are denullned as having no nullost burden. nullnadenulluate housingnullnullousing nullith severe or nulloderate physinullanull probnullenullsnullas denullned in the AnullS sinnulle nullnullnullnulland nullodinulled fronulltinulle to tinulle in order to renullenullt nullhanges in the survey. Severe inadenulluanull nullies nullonstitute potentianull orst nullase needs but nulloderate inadenulluanull nullies do not. The nullnullnullnullAnullS enullinullinated the nulluestions about hanullnullnullays nullnullonullnullon stairnullays and nullight nullnullturesnullin nullunulltiunit strunulltures in the senulltion on senullenullted physinullanullprobnullenulls. This affenullts the nullnullassinullnullation of units having severe or nulloderate physinullanullprobnullenulls. Brienullynulla unit is denullned as having severe physinullanullinadenulluanullies if it has any one of the fonullnullonulling four probnullenullsnull null Plumbing. Lanulling piped hot nullter or a nullsh toinullt or nullnulling both bathtub and shonullrnullanull for the enullnullsive use of the unit. null Heating. nullving been unnullnullortabnull nullnull nullst nullnter for null hours or nullrenullor nulltinulls for at nullast nullhours eanullnullbenulluse of bronullnnullonull heating enullipnullnt. null nullectrical. nullving no enullnullrinullty or having anull of the fonullonullng three enullnullrinullnullprobnullnullnullenullosed nullringnulla roonullnullth no nullrnullng nullnull outnulltnull and three or nullre bnullnull fuses or tripped nullrnullit breanullrs in the nullst null days.

63 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix e. Data anD metHoDology null Upnullep. nullving any nulle of the fonullonullng sinullnullintenannull probnull nullnullnullnullanull fronulloutdoorsnullnullanull fronullindoorsnullhonulls in the nullornull honulls or open nullanulls in the nullnulls or nullinullngsnullnullre than a snullare foot of peenullng paint or pnullsternullor rats in the nullst null days. A unit has nulloderate inadenulluanullies if it has any of the fonullnullonulling four probnullenullsnullbut none of the above severe probnullenullsnull null Plumbing. nullving anull toinullts breanulldonull sinullnullaneousnull at nullast nulltinulls in the nullst nullnullnths for at nullast nullhours eanull tinull. null Heating. nullving unvented gasnulloinull or nullrosene heaters as the nullin sournull of heat nullenulluse these heaters nully produnull unsafe funulls and unheanullhy nullvenull of nullisturenull null Upnullep. nullving any three of the sinullupnullep probnullnull nullnnull tioned under severe inadenullanulles. null nullitchen. Lanulling a sinnull rangenullor refrigerator for the enullnullsive use of the unit. Overcronullding. The nullondition of having nullore than one person per roonullin a residennulle. nullvernullronullding is nullounted as a nulloderate probnull nullenullrather than a severe probnullenullthat nullonstitutes a potentianullnullorst nullase need. nullPrioritynullproblems. Probnullenulls nulluanullifying for federanullpreferennulle in adnullission to assisted housing progranulls betnulleen nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullnull paying nullore than onenullhanullf of innullonulle for rent nullsevere rent burdennullnull nulliving in severenully substandard housing nullinnullnulluding being honullenulless or in a honullenulless shenullternullnullor being invonulluntarinully dispnullanulled. These probnull nullenulls infornulled the originanulldenullnition of nullorst nullase needs. Benullause the AnullS sanullpnulle tranullnulls housing units and thus nullannot nullount the honullenullessnullAnullS estinullates of priority probnullenulls are nullinullited to the tnullo severe probnullenulls desnullribed abovenullsevere rent burdens greater than nullnullpernullent of innullonulle or severe physinullanullprobnullenulls. nulln anullnullord nullith the intention to estinullate the nunullber of unassisted very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith priority probnullenullsnulla nunullber of tabnulles in appendinullA nullnullassify househonullds nullith a nullonullbination of nulloderate probnullenulls and severe probnullenulls as having severe probnullenulls. nullncome nulleasurement nullncome sources. nullnnullonulle nulleans gross innullonulle reported by AnullS respondents for the nullnullnullonths prenulleding the intervienull. The nullnullnullnull AnullS innullonulle nulluestions nullere very sinullinullar to those used in nullnullnullnull. The onnully nullhange nullas that the nullonullbined interestnulldividendnullrentanullinnullonulle nulluestion nullas spnullit into separate nulluestions. The nullother innullonullenullnulluesnull tion nullas anullso nullodinulled to no nullonger innullnullude nullhinulld support or anullinullony. For eanullh person in the fanullinullynullthe AnullS nulluestionnaire nullonullnullenullts the anullounts of nullnulldifferent types of innullonulle. nullnnullonulle innullnulludes anullounts reported for nullage and sanullary innullonullenullnet senullfnullenullpnulloynullent innullonullenull SonullianullSenullurity or rainullroad retirenullent innullonullenullpubnullinullassistannulle or nullenullfare paynullentsnulland anullnullother nulloney innullonullenullbefore dedunulltions for tanulles or any other purpose. nullnullputed innullonulle fronullenulluity is not innullnulluded as innullonulle in this report. Fonullnullonulling nullnullD runulles for deternullinnull ing innullonulle enulligibinullity for nullnullD progranullsnullthe earnings of teenagers aged nullnullyears or younger are not nullounted as innullonulle for this report. Supplemental and innullnullind income sources. Poorer renters nullith high rent burdens are asnulled severanullnenullnulluestions about nullhether peopnulle outside the househonulld nullontributed to househonulld enullpenses sunullh as rentnullfoodnulland nullhinulld nullare. The suppnullenullentanull uestions are asnulled of assisted renters nullho paid nullore than nullnullpernullent of their reported innullonulle for rentnulland of unassisted renters nullith househonulld innullonulle benullonullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullho paid nullore than nullnullpernullent of their innull nullonulle for rent. nullThese nulluestions nullere not asnulled in the nullnullnullnullAnullS benullause the nullodunulle nullounulld not be transnullated to the nullensus Bureaunulls nenullnullonullputer nullanguage nullBnullaisenullin tinulle.null Family income. nulleported innullonulle fronullanullnullsournulles for the housenull honullder nullthe nullrst househonulld nullenullber nullnullyears or onullder nullho is nullisted as an onullner or renter of the housing unitnulland other househonulld nullenullnull bers renullated to the househonullder. Household income. nulleported innullonulle fronull anullnull sournulles for anullnull househonulld nullenullbers nullnullyears or onullder. nullncome nullategories nullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle and ofnullnullianullinnullonulle nullinullnull itsnullnullnullD is renulluired by nullanull to set innullonulle nullinullits eanullh year that deternulline the enulligibinullity of appnullinullants for assisted housing progranulls. nulln nullnullnullnullnullnullongress denullned nullnullonullinnullonullenulland nullvery nullonullinnullonullenullfor nullnullD rentanullprogranulls as innullonulles not enullnulleeding nullnulland nullnullpernullentnull respenulltivenullynullof the area nulledian fanullinully innullonullenullas adnullusted by nullnullD. nullAMFnullis nullore nullonullnullonnully referred to as the Area Median nullnnullonulle nullAMnullnullnullanullthough the nullatter ternullnullay be subnullenullt to nullisinterpretation. nullt shounulld be noted that innullonulle nullinullits are based on nulledian fanullinully innullonullenullnot nulledian househonulld innullonulle. nullanullh base innullonulle nullutoff is assunulled to appnully to a househonulld of four peopnullenulland ofnullnullianullinnull nullonulle nullinullits are further adnullusted by househonulld sizenullone personnullnullnull pernullent of basenulltnullo peopnullenull nullpernullentnullthree peopnullenull nullpernullentnull nullve peopnullenullnullnullnullpernullentnullsinullpeopnullenullnullnullnullpernullentnulland so on. nullanullh househonulld is assigned to an innullonulle nullategory using the innullonulle nullinullit appropriate to its area and the nunullber of househonulld nullenullbers. nullnnullonulle nullutoffs in assonulliation nullith AnullS geographynullTo nullategorize househonullds in renullation to nullnullonullanullnullinnullonulle nullinullits as anullnulluratenully as posnull sibnulle nullithin the nullinullitations of the geography given on the AnullS pubnull nullinulluse nullnullesnullnullnullD nullonullpares househonulld innullonulles nullith area innullonulle nullinullits. Very nullonullnulland nullonullnullinnullonulle nullutoffs for a househonulld of four are denullned for eanullh unit of geography identinulled in the AnullS nationanull inull nullrodata nullnulles. For housing units outside these nulletroponullitan areasnullthe AnullS geography identinulles onnully four regionsnull etroponullitan statusnulland sinull nullinullate zones. nullnullD estinullated average innullonulle nullinullits for eanullh of these nullnullnullonullations.

64 Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research Benullause devenulloping estinullates of ofnullnullianullinnullonulle nullinullits for the geognull raphy identinulled on the AnullS nullinullrodata nullas tinulle nullonsunullingnullnullnullD prepared innullonulle nullinullits to use nullith AnullS geography onnully for nullyearsnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnull. Beginning nullith the nullnullnullnullAnullSnullinnullonulle nullutoffs have been based on nullnullDnulls ofnullnullianullinnullonulle nullinullits for those yearsnull nulleighted by AnullS nulleights. The nullensus Bureau added these nullutoffs to the AnullS pubnullinulluse nullnulle. nullategorizing househonullds by innullonullenullFor this reportnull hen housenull honullds are nullategorized using the very nullonullnulland nullonullnullinnullonulle nullutoffsnull the nullutoffs are adnullusted for househonulld size using the sanulle adnullustnull nullent fanulltors used by nullnullD progranulls. nulln additionnullhousehonullds reporting negative innullonulle are attributed innull nullonulles nullust above the AMnullif their nullonthnully housing nullosts enullnulleed the Fair Marnullet nullent and they nullived in adenulluate and unnullronullded housing. The nullustinullnullation for inullputing higher innullonulles is that nullany housenull honullds in this situation nullive in housing nullith anullenities sunullh as dining roonullsnullbanullnulloniesnulland offnullthenullstreet parnulling and thus nullay be renull porting tenullporary anullnullounting nullosses. For housing needs estinullates using AnullS data sinnulle nullnullnullnullnull nullD has nullnullassinulled househonullds nullith innullonulles above nulledian innullonulle by nullonullnull paring their innullonulle to nullith the anulltuanull edian fanullinully innullonulle for the nullonullationnullrather than to nullnullpernullent of the nullonullnullinnullonulle nullutoffnullas nullas the onnully approanullh possibnulle for estinullates nullade through nullnullnullnull. null nulltremely lonullincome. nullnullnull not in enulless of null pernullnt of AMnull null nullery lonullincome.nullnullnull not in enulless of null pernullnt of AMnull Very nullnullinnullnull thus innulludes enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnullnullanullhough the ternullsonulltinulls is used nullosenull in spenullnull nullntenullsnullsunull as nullsnulltnull ananullsisnullto nullan innullnulls betnullen null and null pernull nullnt of AMnull null nullnullincome. nullported innullnull not in enulless of null pernullnt of AMnullornullif nullnullrnullthe nationanullnulldian fanullnull innullnull. null Poor. nullusehonull innullnull benullnullthe nationanullpoverty nulltoffs for the nullited States for that househonull size. nulls disnullssed in apnull pendinullA of the nullnsus Bureaunulls Anull pubnullnulltionsnullAnull poverty estinulltes differ fronullofnullianullpoverty estinulltes nullde fronullthe nullrrent Popunulltion Survey. Anull poverty estinulltes are based on innullnull of househonulls rather than innullnull of fanullnulles or individunull anullnulland Anull innullnull nullestions are nullnull nullss detainulld and refer to innullnull during the past null nullnths rather than a nulled period.null The poverty nulltoff for a fanullnull of nullis appronullnulltenull null pernullnt of AMnull nullnullarisons of innullnull nullnullts nullth poverty threshonulls are presented in tabnulls AnullanullAnullbnullAnullnulland Anull. null nullddle income. For this reportnullinnullnulls above null pernullnt and benullnullnullnullpernullnt of AMnull null Upper income. For this reportnullhousehonulls nullth innullnull above nullnullpernullnt of AMnull nullcation Metroponullitan StatistinullanullArea nullMSAnullnullFronull nullnullnullto nullnullnullnullnullthe denullninull tions of nulletroponullitan nullonullation in AnullS data nullorresponded to the nullnullnull Standard Metroponullitan StatistinullanullAreas used in the nullnullnullnullnullensus. Sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullnulletroponullitan nullonullation in the AnullS has referred to the MSAs denullned in nullnullnullnullnullbased on the nullnullnullnullnullensus. Region. The four nullensus regions are the nullortheastnull Midnullestnull Southnulland West. nullismatch of Supply and Demand for nullffordable Rental Housing nullismatch. The disnullrepannully betnulleen the nunullber of rentanullunits needed by renters in various innullonulle nullategories and the nunullber provided by the nullarnullet that are affordabnulle at those innullonulle nullevenulls. nullffordability. Severanullfederanullrentanullprogranulls denullne nullaffordabnullenull rents as those renulluiring not nullore than nullnullpernullent of an innullonulle nullutnull off denullned in renullation to AMnull. nullnder the Lonullnullnullnnullonulle nullousing Tanull nullredit nullLnullnullTnullnullProgranullnullfor enullanullpnullenullhousing units nulluanullify as affordnull abnulle and enulligibnulle for the nullredit if they have rents as high as nullnullpernullent of an innullonulle enulluanulling nullnullpernullent of AMnull. This report generanullizes the approanullh devenulloped to denullne LnullnullTnull nullanullinullunullrents for units of different size to denullne three nullategories of affordabinullity nullenulltrenullenully nullonullinnullonullenullvery nullonullinnullonullenulland nullonullinnull nullonullenullbased on the innullonulles that are sufnullnullient for the rentsnullat or benullonull nullpernullent of AMnullnullabove nullnulland up to nullnullpernullent of AMnullnulland above nullnullpernullent of AMnull. nullross rents for eanullh unitnullinnullnulluding paynull nullents for utinullitiesnullare nullonullpared nullith nullnullpernullent of nullnullDnulls innullonulle nullinullitsnullnullhinullh are set at nullnullpernullent and nullnullpernullent of AMnull. The innullonulle nullinullits used to denullne rent affordabinullity are adnullusted for nunullber of bedroonulls using the fornullunulla nullodinulled at nullnullnull.S.null. nullnullnullgnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullno bedroonullsnullnullnullpernullent of basenullone bedroonullnullnullnullpernull nullentnulltnullo bedroonullsnull nullpernullentnullthree bedroonullsnull nullnullpernullentnullfour bedroonullsnull nullnullpernullentnullpnullus nullnullpernullent of base for every additionanull bedroonull. This fornullunulla assunulles that an efnullnulliennully unit houses one personnulla onenullbedroonullunit houses null.nullpeopnullenulland eanullh additionanull bedroonullhouses another null.nullpeopnulle. For vanullant unitsnullthe nullosts of any utinullities that nullounulld be paid by an onullnullupant nullere anullnullonullated using a nullhot denullnullnulltenullhninullue based on a nullatrinullof strunullture typenullAnullS nullnullinullate nullodenulland eight nullategories of gross rent. nullhree measures of affordability. We use three nulleasures in Senullnull tion nullto ananullyze the suppnully of the rentanullhousing stonullnullin renullation to househonulld innullonulles. nullategorinulling rental units by affordability and households by income. To ananullyze nullisnullatnullhes betnulleen affordabinullity and innullonulle in Senulltion nullnullhousehonulld innullonulles and housing unit rents nullere nullonullnull pared nullith nullnullnullnullinnullonulle nullinullits nullfor innullonulle and rent nullategories up to and innullnulluding nullnullpernullent of AMnullnulland to the anulltuanull edian fanullinully

65 U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH appendix e. Data anD metHoDology innullonulles nullfor nullategories above nullnullpernullent of AMnullnull. As in the ananullynull sis of househonulld innullonullenull househonullds reporting negative innullonulle nullere redenullned as having innullonulles nullust above nulledian innullonulle if their nullonthnully housing nullosts nullere above the Fair Marnullet nullent and they nullived in adenulluate and unnullronullded housing. nullnits nullith nullno nullash rentnull reported are nullategorized sonullenully on the basis of utinullity nullosts. nulltinullity nullosts are anullnullonullated to vanullant units through nullhotnulldenullnullnullinullputation based on units that are nullonullparabnulle on the basis of nullostnullnunullber of unitsnullregionnulland tenure. Race and nullthnicity nulln nullnullnullnullnullthe AnullS began using revised nullensus Bureau nullategories of ranulle and ethninullity that are not direnulltnully nullonullparabnulle nullith the nullnullnullnull and earnullier AnullS. Survey respondents nonullare anullnullonulled to senullenullt nullore than one ranullianullgroupnull ausing snullight but signinullnullant denullreases in the size of previousnully nullononullithinullnullategories.

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Washington, DC 20410–null00 nullfinullal nullsiness nullnaltnullfor nullivate Use null00 nullturn Servinull nullnullested FIRST-CLASS MAIL POSTAGE & FEES PAID HUD PERMIT NO. G–795 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research