Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress

by HUDUSER

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

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Worst Case Housing needs 2009:
report to Congress
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Policy Development and Research
February 2nullnullnull
Prepared by
Barry L. Steffen
With
Keith Fudge
Marge Martin
Maria Teresa Souza
David A. Vandenbrounullnulle
nullungnullnullann David nullao

Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullanullpnulleased to transnullit to the null.S. nullongress this report fronullthe Departnullent of nullousnull
ing and nullrban Devenullopnullent nullnullnullDnullnullWorst Case Housing Needs 2009. Thirteenth in the
nullongstanding series of reports on nullorst nullase housing needsnullthis donullunullent provides
nationanulldata and infornullation on nullritinullanullprobnullenulls fanulling nullonullnullinnullonulle Anullerinullan rentnull
ing fanullinullies. The report dranulls on data fronullthe Anullerinullan nullousing Survey nullAnullSnull. The
nullensus Bureau has nullondunullted the AnullS nullith nullnullD funding every nullyears sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullthe
survey is a nulley sournulle of nationanulldata on housing nullarnulletsnullnullonditionsnulland dynanullinulls.
As the nation snullonullnully enullerges fronulla deep renullessionnulla sharp innullrease in severe housnull
ing probnullenulls has nullonulle into fonullus. nulln nullnullnullnullnullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion househonullds had nullorst nullase
needsnullnullnullpernullent nullore than the nunullber nullust nullyears earnullier. These nullorst nullase needs
househonullds are denullned as very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullho do not renulleive governnullent
housing assistannulle and nullho either paid nullore than onenullhanullf of their innullonulle for rent or
nullived in severenully inadenulluate nullonditionsnullor both. This report nullanulles nullnullear that nullorst nullase
needs nullut anullross anullnullregions of the nullountrynullanullnullranullianulland ethninullgroupsnullboundaries of anullnull
nullitiesnullsuburbsnulland ruranullareasnulland anullnullhousehonulld types.
nulligh rents in proportion to renter innullonulles are an innullreasingnully donullinant nullause of nullorst
nullase needs. Anullnullordingnullynullthe vunullnerabinullity of our poorest househonullds both to enullpnulloynull
nullent shonullnulls and to the innullreased denulland for the nullost affordabnulle units inullnullustrates the
inullportannulle of housing assistannulle as an enullononullinull ushion. nullnullD progranulls that provide
rentanullassistannulle and spur the produnulltion of affordabnulle housing pnullay a nullritinullanullronulle in nullrenull
ating stabnulle housing for very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. The renullent nationanullnullrises in housing
and enullpnulloynullent nullend nenullurgennully to the nulluest to ensure that Anullerinullans are suitabnully
housed so they nullan tanulle advantage of the opportunities afforded by our great nation.
nullaphaenullW. Bostinull
Assistant Senullretary for Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh
Worst Case Housing needs 2009:
report to Congress
iii
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
ForeWord
FORnullnullORD

Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
iv

Forenullord ......................................................................................................................iii
Summary .....................................................................................................................vii
Section null. nullnulltent and nullature of nullorst nullase nulleeds ..............................................null
nullnulltent of Worst nullase nulleeds in nullnullnullnull ......................................................................null
nullnadenulluate nullnnullonulle and nullnadenulluate nullousing ..................................................null
nullnnullidennulle of Worst nullase nulleeds by nullnnullonulle ....................................................null
nullronullth in Worst nullase nulleeds..........................................................................null
Denullographinulls of Worst nullase nulleeds .....................................................................null
nullanullenullnullthninullitynulland nullnullnulligration Status ..........................................................null
Worst nullase nulleeds by nullousehonulld Type ..................................................................null
Fanullinullies With nullhinulldren .....................................................................................null
nullnulldernully nullousehonullds .........................................................................................null
nullther Fanullinullies .................................................................................................null
nullther nullonfanullinully nullousehonullds ..........................................................................null
nullousehonullds nullnnullnulluding Peopnulle With Disabinullities ................................................null
Sunullnullary ................................................................................................................null
Section 2. Shortage of nullffordable Housing ............................................................null
nulleography of Worst nullase nulleeds ...........................................................................null
Worst nullase nulleeds and nullousing Assistannulle by nullegion and Metroponullitan
Lonullation ..............................................................................................null
nullnteranulltion of nullanullenullnullthninullity and Metroponullitan Lonullation ...............................nullnull
nullonullthe Marnullet Anullnullonullates Affordabnulle nullousing on a nullationanullBasis ...............nullnull
AffordabinullitynullAvainullabinullitynulland Adenulluanully of the nullationanullnullentanullStonullnull ............nullnull
nullentanullStonullnullby nullnnullonulle ................................................................................nullnull
nulleography of Suppnully ............................................................................................nullnull
nullentanullStonullnullby Metroponullitan Lonullation..........................................................nullnull
nullentanullStonullnullby nullegion .................................................................................nullnull
v
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
Contents
nullOnullnullnullnullnullS
Worst Case Housing needs 2009:
report to Congress

Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
vi
Dynanullinulls of Suppnully ..............................................................................................nullnull
Trends in nullationanullnullentanullStonullnull ....................................................................nullnull
Trends in nullentanullStonullnullby Metroponullitan Lonullation ..........................................nullnull
Summary .............................................................................................................nullnull
Section null. Understanding the nullrend in nullorst nullase nulleeds.................................nullnull
nullhanges in Affordabnulle nullousing Denulland ..............................................................nullnull
nullousehonulld FornullationnullTenurenulland nullnnullonulle Fanulltors ......................................nullnull
nullonulleonullnership nullrisis and nullenullession..........................................................nullnull
nullhanges in the Affordabnulle nullousing Suppnully ..........................................................nullnull
Vanullannully nullatesnullnullentsnulland nullonullpetition for nullnits .........................................nullnull
nullonnullnulluding Sunullnullary ...........................................................................................nullnull
nulliterature nullited .........................................................................................................nullnull
nullppendinullnull. Data on Housing Problems and Supply of
Affordable Housing .............................................................................................nullnull
nullppendinullnull. Supplemental Exhibits ..........................................................................nullnull
nullppendinullnull. Federal Housing Assistance and Affordable Housing Programs ........nullnull
nullppendinullD. Previous Reports to Congress on Worst Case nulleeds .........................nullnull
nullppendinullnull. Data and nullethodology .........................................................................nullnull

vii
summary
The nullS. Departnullnt of nullusing and nullban Devenullpnullnt nullnullnullnullds dranulltinullinnulleases
in nullrst nullse housing needs nullnonull as nullorst nullse needsnull that nullt anulloss denullgraphinull
groupsnullhousehonull typesnulland regions.
null
This rise in hardship is due to shrinnullng innullnulls and
upnullrd pressure on rents nullused by gronullng nullnulletition for anulleadynullnullrnull affordabnull units.
Worst nullse needs rose nullre sharpnull betnullen the nullnull Anullrinulln nullusing Survey nullnullnulland
nullnull Anullnull
null
both in absonullte and pernullntage ternullnullthan in any previous nullyear period sinnull
at nullast nullnull. During this nullnullnullonullnullnullperiodnullthe nunuller of renters enulleriennullng nullrst
nullse needs nullnulled by nullre than null pernullntnullfronullnullnull to nullnull nullnullion.
nullven the severenull nullanullenged enullnonullnullnullnditions that the nullited States has nullnfronted
during the past severanullyearsnullpartinullnullrnull surrounding the housing nullrnulltnullit is not surprising
that the need for housing assistannull nullntinues to outpanull the abinullty of federanull statenulland
nullnullnullgovernnullnts to suppnull it. nullDnull Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress
enullnullnes the nulluses of and trends in nullrst nullse needs for affordabnull rentanullhousing.
Sharp nullncrease in nullorst nullase nulleeds
Anullhough the innulldennull of nullrst nullse needs has nullnulluated during the past denulldenullthe overanull
upnullrd trend is disturbingnullsinnull nullnullnullthe nunuller of nullses has innulleased by anullost null
pernullntnullnonullrepresenting nullre than nullpernullnt of anull househonulls. Benulluse of these dranulltinull
innulleasesnullnull pernullnt of the null.null nullnullion very nullnullinnullnull Anullrinulln renters had nullrst nullse
needs in nullnull. Most of these renters had severe rent burdensnullpaying nullre than onenullanull of
their innullnull for rentnullnullth inadenullate housing anullne anullounting for onnull nullpernullnt of nullses.
Worst Case Housing needs 2009:
report to Congress
null
The ternullnullorst nullse needsnullis denulled as very nullnullinnullnull renters nullth innullnulls benullnullnull pernullnt of the Area Median
nullnullnull nullo do not renullive governnullnt housing assistannull and nullo either paid nullre than onenullanull of their innullnull for rent
or nullved in severenull inadenullate nullnditionsnullor nullo fanulld both of these nullanullenges. nullDnulls estinulltes of nullrst nullse needs are
based prinullrinull on data fronullthe Anull.
null
The Anull is nullndunulled betnullen May and Septenuller in oddnullunullered years.
SUnullnullnullRnull
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH

nullorst nullase nulleeds nullffect nullll
Demo graphic nullroups and
Household nullypes
null ranullanullor ethninullgroup is inullune to the rise in nullrst nullse needsnull
but nullspaninullrenters enulleriennulld the nullrgest innullease in innulldennullnull
in nullnullnullnull pernullnt of anull very nullnullinnullnull nullspaninullrenters fanulld
this hardshipnullan nullpernullntagenulloint nullnull fronulltheir nullnull rate. Littnull
evidennull indinulltes that inulligration has had a nullrge effenull on this
innullease in nullrst nullse needs anullng the nullspaninullpopunulltion. nulleranullnull
of renters burdened nullth nullrst nullse needsnullnonnullispaninullWhite rentnull
ers represent about null pernullnt and nonnullispaninullBnullnull and nullspaninull
renters eanull represent around null pernullnt.
Linullnullsenullanull types of househonulls are affenulled by the innullease in nullrst
nullse needs. Fanullnulles nullth nullinullren represent the highest proportionnull
about null pernullntnull the nunuller of these fanullnulles nullth nullrst nullse
needs grenullby nullnullnullnullfronullthe nullnull nullvenull outpanullng the innullease
of very nullnullinnullnull househonulls in this nulltegory. The nenull nullst
nullnullon househonull type enulleriennullng this hardshipnullat null pernullnt
of anull nullsesnull nulls nullther nonfanullnullnull househonullsnull nullinull nullnullrise
nonenullernull individuanull and unrenullted peopnull nullo share a housing
unit. Very nullnullinnullnull renters of this househonull type had a higher
innulldennullnullat null pernullntnullthan any other househonull type. Furthernullthe
addition of nullnullnullnullother nonfanullnull househonulls during nullnullnullnullnull
innulleased this nulltegorynull share fronullnull to null pernullnt of very nullnull
innullnull renters. Anullhough this nulltegorynull share of nullrst nullse needs
did not innullease in the sanull nullynullthis shift betnullen househonull types
nullunull signanullthat individuanull are doubnullng up as a nully to nullpe nullth
shrinnullng innullnulls and innulleasing rents.
null
nulldernull househonulls nullthout
nullinullren and other fanullnull househonulls nullithout nullinullren or nullth adunull
nullinullrennullanullo enulleriennulld signinullant innulleases in nullrst nullse needsnull
partinullnullrnull in pernullntage ternullnullhonullvernullthese groups nullnullined
onnull anullount for snullghtnull nullre than onenullourth of nullses.
nullorst nullase nulleeds nullmong Households
nullncluding People nullith Disabilities
null nullnullnullnullre than null pernullnt of very nullnullinnullnull househonulls innulludnull
ing nonenullernull peopnull nullth disabinullties had nullrst nullse needsnullanulluntnull
ing to nullnullnullnullhousehonulls. The share of nullrst nullse needs reanulled
as high as null pernullnt anullng fanullnulles nullth nullinullren innulluding peopnull
nullth disabinullties and null pernullnt anullng other nonfanullnull househonulls
innulluding peopnull nullth disabinullties. nullidennull fronullother data sournulls
indinulltes that this estinullte is nullnullnull an undernullunt. The estinullte is
based on nenulldirenull nullestions on disabinullties innulluded in the nullnull
AnullS. Anullternative data fronull the Anullerinullan nullonullnullunity Surveynull honullevernull
indinullte that the share of very nullnullinnullnull renters nullth disabinullties is
null to null pernullnt higher than the Anull estinullte. nullD nullnull issue a nullre
indepth suppnullnullntanullreport soon after the renullase of the nullre Worst
Case Housing Needs 2009 report to disnullss the denullgraphinulland
geographinullnullaranulleristinull of househonulls innulluding peopnull nullth disnull
abinullties nullth nullrst nullse needs and to enullnullne differennulls in disabinullty
estinulltes using various nullasures and sournulls of data.
nulleography of nullorst nullase nulleeds
Anullhough the nullnull Anull does not anullonullfor ananullsis at the nullvenullof
individuanull nulltroponulltan areasnull it does distinguish betnullen three
types of nullnulltionsnullentranull nulltiesnull suburbsnull and ruranull areasnullnd
four geographinullregionsnullortheastnullMidnullstnullSouthnulland West. The
innulldennull of nullrst nullse needs anullng the nationnull very nullnullinnullnull
renters proves snullghtnull greater than the nationanullaverage in nullntranullnulltnull
ies and the suburbs. Linullnullsenullthe pernullntage of those enulleriennullng
this hardship is above average in the West and benullnullaverage in the
nullrtheast and Midnullst. The innulldennull of nullrst nullse needs in the
South is sinullnullr to the averagenullneverthenullssnullthe South has the highnull
est nunuller of burdened renters by a signinullant nullrgin.
Benulluse nullrst nullse needs are denulled in part by a nullnull of housing
assistannullnullthe nullnullarative snullrnullty of housing assistannull in suburnull
ban areas and in the West and South nullntributes to the high rates
in those areasnullanullhough enullensive rents in the West anullo pnully a ronull.
Shortage of nullffordable Housing
The need to pay nullre than onenullanull of onenull innullnull on rent is the
predonullnant nulluse of nullrst nullse needsnulland a nullnull of affordabnullnull
avainullbnullnulland physinullnully adenullate rentanullunits is the nullin driver of
these high rent burdens. nullits affordabnull for the poorest renters have
nullnullr vanullnnull rates than those units affordabnull for higher innullnull
groups benulluse the high denullnd and nullnullted suppnull nulluse greater
nullnulletition for sunull units. nullgher innullnull renters onullupy about null
pernullnt of the units that are affordabnull to enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull rentnull
ersnullnullo earn nullss than null pernullnt of Area Median nullnullnull nullMnull.
Furthernullhigher innullnull renters onullupy null pernullnt of the units that are
affordabnull to renters nullo have innullnulls at null to null pernullnt of AMnull
As a resunull of this nullnulletition and benulluse a substantianullproportion
of avainullbnull units are not in standard or adenullate physinullnullnullnditionnull
onnull null units of adenullatenullaffordabnull rentanullhousing are avainullbnull for
every nullnullenullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters. For very nullnullinnullnull rentnull
ersnullnull adenullate units are avainullbnull per nullnullrenters. This suppnull is
nullre snullrnull in nullntranullnullties and suburbs than in ruranullareas and in
the West than in other regionsnullneverthenullssnullthe nunuller of affordabnull
units is far fronullsufnullient in any region.
null
null is notabnull that tnull singnull peopnull nullth very nullnullinnullnulls nullo begin to share housing nully nullintnull surpass the very nullnullinnullnull threshonull andnulltherebynullredunull the nunuller of very nullnull
innullnull renters by tnull. As a resunullnulldoubnullng up nullunull be even nullre prevanullnt than the innullease in other nonfanullnull househonulls nullth very nullnullinnullnulls suggests.
viii
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

ix
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
summary
Affordabnull rentanullstonull avainullbinullty had been fairnull stabnull for nullnull
of the past null years. Sinnull nullnullnullhonullvernullvunullerabnull renters have
fanulld the tightest nullrnullt for affordabnull housing sinnull nullnull. Severanull
nullnullr trends have nullnullined to nulleate these nullnditions.
nullanullor nullauses of the nullncrease in
nullorst nullase nulleeds
The honullonullership nullisis and enullnonullnullrenullssion nullnullnull pnullyed a
nullnullr ronull in rapidnull innulleasing nullrst nullse needs. Anullhough a variety
of fanullors are at pnullynullinnulluding nullanges in househonull fornulltion and
the renter share of househonullsnullnullst of the nullnullnullnullnullinnullease nulln
be nullnnulld to three fanullors.
null Renter income losses. An estinullted null pernullnt of the innullease
in nullrst nullse needs is attributabnull to shrinnullng innullnulls. During
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull the nunullber of renters nullith very nullonull innullonulles innullreased
by nullnull nullnullionnullor nullore than null pernullent. Manullor nullauses of denullnullines in
rentersnullinnullnull nullre the rapid innullease in unenullnullynullnt during
the renullssion and the persistennull of this unenullnullynullnt fonullonullng
the renullssionnull ofnullianullend.
2. Rental assistance gap. Appronullnulltenull null pernullnt of the innullease
in nullrst nullse needs during nullnullnullnullnullnulln be tied to a gronullng
nullnull of rentanull assistannullnull no innullease in housing assistannull in
proportion to the surge in very nullnullinnullnull renters onullurred. nullnull
nulleases of unassisted very nullnullinnullnull renters anulluanully enulleeded
innulleases of very nullnullinnullnull renters.
null nullmpetition for affordable rental units. As disnullssed previnull
ousnullnullnullnulletition for affordabnull units has pnullyed the biggest ronull
in the innullease of nullrst nullse needsnullestinullted at about null pernullnt
of the innullease. This nullnulletition nullads to dispnullnullnullntnullabsorpnull
tion of vanullnnullesnull and upnullrd pressure on rents. Suppnull and
denullnd fanullors nullused the nullan gross rent for very nullnullinnullnull
renters to innullease by nullre than null pernullnt during nullnullnullnullnull in
additionnullthe nunuller of vanullnt units affordabnull to thenulldropped
by nullnullnullnull
Anullthough AnullS data do not suggest that nullhanges in the renter share of
househonulls have been a nully fanullornullevidennull fronullthe nullrrent Popunull
nullation Survey indinullates that the honulleonullnership rate for house honullds
nullth innullnulls benullnullthe AMnullfenull by nullnullpernullnt during nullnullnullnullnull
nullnullonullership nullsses by very nullnullinnullnull and subprinull honullonullnull
ers that added to the nunuller of renters nully have been offset in Anull
data by honull purnullases by higher innullnull renters.
nullonclusion
Anullhough the pinullure of gronullng nullrst nullse needsnull in generanull is
bnullanull there is reason to hope that nullrst nullse needs nully again
denulline. The nullnulloenullnonullnullfanullors that nulleated great pressures for
very nullnullinnullnull rentanullhousing are nullnullnull to ease as the rebound fronull
renullssion anullenullrates. nullverthenullssnullnullen nullre than nullpernullnt of
the nationnull househonulls enulleriennull this fornullof hardshipnullthe need
for prioritizing assisted housing in nationanullponullnull denullberations has
never been greater.

x
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
SnullnullnullnullOnull

1
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 1. extent and natuRe of WoRst Case needs
nullnulltent of nullorst nullase nulleeds in 2nullnullnull
nulln the nullontenullt of the renullent upheavanullin the null.S. housing nullarnullet and subsenulluent enullonull
nonullinullrenullessionnullnulle enullanulline the nullatest nullnullnullnullAnullS data to understand the nullurrent
dinullensions of nullhat nullas anullready a gronulling probnullenull. The basinullfanullts presented and
enullanullined in the fonullnullonulling pages are thesenull
null nulln nullnullnullnullnull .nullnull inullnullion renters had nullorst nullase needsnullas shonulln in enullhibit nullnullnull. These
are renters nullith very nullonullinnullonulles
null
nullho nullanullnullhousing assistannulle and have either
severe rent burdens or severenully inadenulluate housingnullor both.
null The nunullber of nullorst nullase
needs in nullnullnullnull has innull
nullreased by nullnullpernullent fronull
nullnullnullnullnullevenulls and by anullnullost
nullnull pernullent fronull nullnullnullnull nullevenulls.
null The prinullary probnullenull affenullnull
ing nullorst nullase needs is rent
burdennullinsufnullnullient tenant
innullonulles renullative to rentanull
nullosts. Severenully inadenulluate
housing anullnullounts for onnully
a snullanullnull franulltionnullnull.null pernull
nullentnullof nullorst nullase needs.
nullhe U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development nullHUDnull
is the largest federal provider
of affordable rental housing.
Follonulling a renulluest by nullongress
in nullnullnullnullnullHUDnulls Office of Policy
Development and Research
nullPDnullRnullhas been periodically
reporting to nullongress on the
severity of nullorst case housing
needs nullnullnonulln here as nullnullorst
case needsnullnullfor affordable
rental housing as collected in
the biennial nullmerican Housing
Survey nullnullHSnull.
null
nullhis report is nullnullth
in the series of core reports.
null

extent and nature oF
Worst Case needs
PRnullORnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullRnullnullnullnullR
nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS
Tnullo types of priority probnullenulls nullonstitute nullorst
nullase needs for federanullhousing assistannulle.
null Severe rent burden nulleans a renter is
paying nullore than onenullhanullf of his or her
innullonulle for gross rent nullrent and utinullitiesnull.
null Severenully inadenulluate housing refers to
units having one or nullore serious physinullanull
probnullenulls renullated to heatingnull pnullunullbingnull
and enullenulltrinull systenulls or nullaintenannulle.
nullProbnullenulls are nullisted in appendinullnull.null
null
The Anullrinulln nullusing Survey is nullndunulled betnullen May and Septenuller in oddnullunullered years.
null
The nullS. Departnullnt of nullusing and nullban Devenullpnullntnulls nullnullnullsnullnullnulle of Ponullnull Devenullpnullnt and nullsearnull nullDnullnull
suppnullnullnts the nullre reports on nullrst nullse needs nullth periodinulltopinullnullreports. A forthnullnullng suppnullnullnt nullnull fonulls on nenull
data about peopnull nullth disabinullties and nullrst nullse needs anullng househonulls innulluding these individuanull. For a nullst of previous
titnullsnullsee nullrevious nullports to nullngress on Worst nullse nulledsnullin appendinullD.
null
The ternull nullery nullnullinnullnullnulland nullnullrenullnull nullnullinnullnullnullare used throughout this report to refer to the innullnull nullvenull of
renters. Very nullnullinnullnulls are those no greater than null pernullnt of the Area Median nullnullnull nullMnull and enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnulls
are those no greater than null pernullnt of AMnulltypinullnully benullnullthe poverty nullne. nullD progranull use AMnullnullnullunullted on the basis
of nullnullnullfanullnull innullnullsnullnullth adnullstnullnts for househonull size. nulltionnulldenullthe nulldian innullnull nulls nullnullnullnullin nullnullnullpnullnullng
the very nullnullinnullnull nullvenullat nullnullnullnullper year and the enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull nullvenullat nullnullnullnullper year. Anull these innullnull nullvenull
are for a fanullnull of four. Fanullnulles nullth fenullr than four peopnullnullor nullo are nullving in areas nullth nullnullr fanullnull innullnullsnullnully have
innullnulls far benullnullthese nationanullthreshonulls if they nullanullfy as very nullnull or enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull househonulls in their areas. For
detainull about honullnullD sets innullnull nullnulltsnullsee httpnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullortanulldatasetsnullnullhtnull.
nullSnullnullnullnullOnull

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Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
null The dranullatinullinnullrease in nullorst nullase needs during the nullnullnullnullnull
nullnullnullnullperiod
null
renullenullts the effenullts of the honulleonullnership and
nullnannullianull rises. Mortgage forenullnullosuresnull idespread unenullpnulloynull
nullentnulland shrinnulling renter innullonulles during the renullession added
nullany nenullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullthose vunullnerabnulle to nullorst
nullase needs.
null Lonuller innullonulles affenullted nullorst nullase needs both direnulltnullynullby denull
nullreasing innullonulles renullative to rentsnulland indirenulltnullynullby rapidnully innull
nullreasing denulland and nullonullpetition for the nullost affordabnulle units
and thereby raising rents. Sonullanullthough the popunullation of vunullnernull
abnulle very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters grenullsubstantianullnullynullthe proportion
of this popunullation that had nullorst nullase needs nullthe nullinnullidennullenullnull
innullreased as nullenullnullduring the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod.
null Anullthough housing assistannulle prevented nullinullnullions of housing
probnullenulls during nullnullnullnullnullthe suppnully of pubnullinullrentanullassistannulle
nullas far fronulladenulluate to nullope nullith surging needsnulland indeed
enullpanded very nullittnulle during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod.
With these basinullfanullts as the fonullusnullSenulltion nullenullpnullores the nullurrent
enulltent of nullorst nullase needs and the denullographinull haranullteristinulls of
those nullho have sunullh needs and the situations in nullhinullh they nullive.
nullnadenullate nullncome and nullnadenullate Housing
nullf the tnullo types of priority probnullenulls that nulluanullify as nullorst nullase
needsnullsevere rent burden appears far nullore frenulluentnully than senull
verenully inadenulluate housing. As enullhibit nullnullnullinullnullustratesnull null.nullpernullent of
anullnullnullorst nullase rentersnullor null.nullnullnullinullnullionnullhad severe rent burdens in
nullnullnullnull. Paying onenullhanullf of a nullinullited totanullinnullonulle for rent nulleaves very
nullittnulle for other essentianullsnullsunullh as foodnull edinullanull arenulltransportation
enullpensesnulledunullationnulland nullhinulldnullare.
Severenully inadenulluate housing anullone triggers onnully null.nullpernullent of nullorst
nullase needs. nullf renters nullith severe rent burdens are innullnulludednullthen
null.nullpernullent nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullof nullorst nullase renters had severenully inadenulluate
housing units.
The snullanullnullfranulltion of nullorst nullase needs nullaused by severenully inadnull
enulluate housing is the resunullt of a nullunulltidenullade trend of inullprovenullents
to the nationnulls housing stonullnull. More stringent buinullding nullodes prenull
vent nullonstrunulltion of units nullithout nullonullpnullete pnullunullbing or heating
systenullsnulland additionanullobsonullete units are denullonullished eanullh year.
nulleverthenullessnullthe housing stonullnullis nullontinuanullnully agingnulland severenully
inadenulluate units nullontinue to pose threats to the nullife and heanullth of
thousands of renters.
null
This range of dates renullnulls the tinull betnullen the nullnull Anull and the nullnull Anull.
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullROnullnullH nullnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull
HOUSnullnullnull nullnullnullDSnull2 nullnullnull2nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of
Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
null
nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnters W
ith W
orst nullse nulleds nullnullnullnull
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnull2. nullOSnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullRnull
nullnullUSnullD nullnull SnullnullnullRnull Rnullnullnull nullURDnullnullSnull2 nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of
Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
Severely
nulladenullate
Housing nullly
nullth Priority
Problems
Severe Rent
nullrden nullly
2.null
nullnull
null.null
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull

3
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 1. extent and natuRe of WoRst Case needs
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullhousandsnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Worst nullse needs renters nullhousandsnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Pernullnt of very nullnullinnullnull renters nullth nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null
nullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullotal
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnull 2nullnullnull
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data
null
The nullnullernullnt nullnnullennull intervanullfor the nullnull estinullte of nullrst nullse needs is nullnullnullto nullnullnullnullnullionnullnullinull does not overnullp nullth the nullnull nullnnullennull intervanullof nullnullnullto nullnullnull
nullnullion. See the fonullonullng footnote for a funuller disnullssion.
null
When ananullzing nullnull resunullsnullnullD nulls unabnull to nullndunull sophistinullted tests of statistinullnullsigninullannull that nullunull tanull into anullount the Anull panenulldesign. Benulluse the Anull sanullnulls
the sanull housing units in nullnullipnull yearsnullthe sanullnulls are not independent fronullyear to yearnulland nullnnullennull intervanull for the nullange in nullans are nullrger than sinullnull statistinullnulltests
inullnull. nullD and the nullnsus Bureaunullhonullvernullpreviousnull used a nullre stringent nullthod in assessing the nullnullnullnullnullnullange. That test indinullted that a nullnullnullnullnullnullange in innulldennull
anulloss anull nullS. househonulls nulls signinullant at the nullnullernullnt nullnnullennull nullvenullif it enulleeded nullnullnullpernullntage points nullnullnullnullnullnull The resunull of this earnuller test is strongnull suggestive but
not nullnnullusive that the nullnullnullnullnullinnullease of nullnull pernullntage points in overanull innulldennull easinull is statistinullnully signinullant.
nullHnullnull nullnullOUnull HOnullnullnullnullSS PnullRSOnullSnull
nullonullenulless individuanulls and fanullinullies nullnullearnully have nullorst nullase
needs for housing assistannulle. nullonullenulless peopnullenull honullevernull
are not innullnulluded in ofnullnullianullestinullatesnullbenullause the Anullerinullan
nullousing Survey nullovers onnully housing units and the househonullds
nullho nullive in thenullnulland honullenulless popunullations are anullnullays difnullnullunullt
to survey or nullount.
nulln the nullost renullent Annual Homeless Assessment Report
to nullongressnull nullnullD estinullated that nullnullnullnullnullnullnull shenulltered and
unshenulltered peopnulle nullere honullenulless at a singnulle point in tinulle
during nullnullnullnullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnullnullnull. This estinullate renullenullts nullontinuing
inullprovenullents in nullonullenulless Managenullent nullnfornullation Systenulls
operated by a nationanullnetnullornullof honullenulless servinulle providers.
More renulliabnulle honullenulless data innullreasingnully anullnullonull for sunullh
estinullates to infornullananullysis of nullorst nullase housing needs.
Sourcenull nullnullDnullnullPD nullnull nullnull
nullncidence of nullorst nullase nulleeds by nullncome
nulln nullnullnullnullnull tnullo out of three renters nullith nullorst nullase needs had
enulltrenullenully nullonullinnullonulles. The predonullinannulle of severe rent burden as
a nullause of nullorst nullase needs highnullights the inullportannulle of househonulld
innullonulles to the probnullenull. As shonulln in enullhibit nullnullnullnullthe null.nullnullnullinullnullion
nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnullonullnullurred nullithin a universe of nullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion
very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. These estinullates renullenullt an overanullnullinnullidennulle
of nullnull.null pernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters having nullorst nullase needs.
Very nullonullnullinnullonulle househonulldsnullhonullevernullnullonullprise tnullo subgroupsnull
the enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle househonullds nullho have innullonulles at nullto
nullnullpernullent of Area Median nullnnullonulle nullAMnullnullnulland the higher innullonulle
househonullds nullith innullonulles in the range of nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnull.
Most very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullnull.nullpernullentnullare in the enulltrenullenully
nullonullnullinnullonulle nullategory. nulln nullnullnullnullnullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion renters had innullonulles at
nullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullnullonullpared nullith null.nullnullnullinullnullion renters nullith innull
nullonulles at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnull.
nullnulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters anullnullounted for null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullases of
nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnullnull ith nullnull.nullpernullent of renters in this poornull
est group having severe housing probnullenulls. nullenters in the nullnullnullnullnull
pernullent of AMnullgroup had null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullases of nullorst nullase needs.
Thusnullthe innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs anullong the highernullinnullonulle
groupnullat nullnull.nullpernullentnull as nullittnulle nullore than onenullhanullf as great as the
innullidennulle for enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters.
nulln nullnullnullnullnullthe enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle group had both greater nunullbers
and higher innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs than the nullnullnullnullnullpernullent
of AMnullgroup. As a resunulltnulla substantianull anulloritynull null.nullpernullentnullof anullnull
nullorst nullase needs onullnullurred to those nullith innullonulles benullonull nullpernullent
of AMnull. nulln Senulltion nullnullnulle enullpnullore further the renullative inullportannulle of
fanulltors sunullh as nullhanges in the nunullbers and innullonulles of very nullonullnull
innullonulle renters.
nullronullth in nullorst nullase nulleeds
The nunullber of nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnullnull .nullnull inullnullionnullis nullore than
nullnullpernullent greater than the nunullber nullust nullyears earnullier during nullnullnullnull.
nullnullDnulls nullnullnullnullestinullate of null.nullnull inullnullion nullorst nullase needs nullas not signull
ninullnullantnully different than the null.nullnull inullnullion renullorded in nullnullnullnull. nulln nullontrastnull
the innullrease of null.nullnull inullnullion during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod easinully satisnull
nulles the basinulltest for statistinullanullsigninullnullannulle.
null

The nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullinnullrease in nullorst nullase needs enulltended and anullnullenullernull
ated the upnullard trend that has been onullnullurring sinnulle nullnullnullnull. Betnulleen
nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullnullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion renters nullith nullorst nullase needs have
been addednullan innullrease of nearnully nullnullpernullent.
Worst nullase needs anullso are innullreasing as a pernullentage of null.S. housenull
honullds. During the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnullthe overanullnullinnullidennulle innullreased
by a funullnullpernullentage pointnullfronullnull.nullto null.nullpernullent. This innullrease is
statistinullanullnully signinullnullant as nullenullnull.
null

4
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
Anull househonulls nullinullionsnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull.nullnull nullnullnull.nullnull
nullnters nullth nullrst nullse needs nullinullionsnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null.nullnull null.nullnull
Worst nullse needs as pernullnt of anull househonulls nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.nullnullnull null.nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnullnull 2nullnullnull
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullRnullnullD OF nullnullnullRnullnullSnullnullnull nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullS nullnullnullnullnullDnullD nullnullD
nullnullnullnullnullnullRnullnullnullD nullnull 2nullnullnull
null
The estinullted innulleases in nullrst nullse needs enulleed sinullnull tests of statistinullnullsigninullannull nullgnoring the nullnull of independennull of the sanullnullsnullfor White and nullspaninullrentersnullbut not
for Bnullnull renters.
Benulluse the probnullnullof nullrst nullse needs prinullrinull invonulles nullnulling
sufnullient units nullth affordabnull rents for renters nullth very nullnullinnullnullsnull
the renullinder of this senullion enullnullnes the denullgraphinull of the rentnull
ers nullo have these probnullnull. ThennullSenullion nullenullnullres the dinullnnull
sions of inadenullate suppnull of affordabnull rentanullunitsnulland Senullion null
sunullarizes and integrates suppnull and denullnd issues to shed nullght
on the root nulluses of the gronullng nullrst nullse needs probnullnull
Demographics of nullorst nullase nulleeds
Racenullnullthnicitynulland nullmmigration Status
Worst nullse needs for affordabnull housing persist anulloss ranullanulland
ethninullnullnes. As the nationnull popunulltion benullnulls nullre diversenullthe
probnullnull are found anullng anull nullnullunities. Sinullnullrities and differnull
ennulls do enullstnullnonethenullssnullanullng the three nullrgest groups denulled
by ranull and ethninullty.
During nullnullnull nullst nullrst nullse needs nullntinued to affenull nonnull
nullspaninullWhite rentersnullnullth snullnuller shares affenulling nonnullispaninull
Bnullnull rentersnullnullspaninullrentersnulland other renters. The shares apnull
pronullnullte the representation of these groups anullng very nullnullinnullnull
renters. Togethernullthe three nullrgest ranullnullthninullty groups anullounted
for null.nullpernullnt of nullrst nullse needs in nullnull.
null ternull of innulldennullnullthe order differs. nullhibit nullnullinullustrates that
nullspaninullvery nullnullinnullnull renters had the highest innulldennull of nullrst
nullse needs in nullnullnullnullth null.nullpernullnt. White renters had the nenull
highest innulldennullnullnullth null.nullpernullntnullfonullonulld by Bnullnull rentersnullnullth
null.nullpernullnt.
null
The high innulldennull anullng nullspaninullrenters during nullnull renullnulls a
strinullng innullease of nullnullpernullntage points fronullthe nullnull rate. White
and Bnullnull renters enulleriennulld snullnuller innulleases of nullnulland nullnullpernull
nullntage pointsnullrespenullivenull.
null nullntrast to the inullortannull of higher innulldennull for nullspaninullnullfor
Bnullnull rentersnullthe nullre inullortant fanullor in nullnull nulls the innullease
in the nunuller of vunullerabnull very nullnullinnullnull rentersnull During the
nullnullnullnullnullperiodnullthe nunuller of very nullnullinnullnull renters innulleased
by null.nullpernullnt for nonnullispaninullBnullnulls nullnullared nullth nullnullpernullnt
gronullth for nonnullnullispaninull Whites and null.nullnullpernullent gronullth for nullispaninulls.
The varying enulleriennulls of BnullnullnullWhitenulland nullspaninullrenters durnull
ing the nullnullnullnullnullrenullssionary period nully renullnull variations in their
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. SHnullRnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS
nullnull Rnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullHnullnullnullnullnullnullnull2 nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of
Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
nullnnullispanic
White
nullnnullispanic
nullacnull
Hispanic
nullher
null.null
2nullnull
22.null
null2null

5
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT | OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH
SECTION 1. EXTENT AND NATURE OF WORST CASE NEEDS
8
Other factors that might have contributed to differences in worst case needs among groups during the recessionary period include involvement with the subprime mortgage market
and foreclosures, and variations in occupations and industries (for example, construction). A detailed analysis of such factors is beyond the scope of this report.
9
null the Anull, nullouseholdernullrefers to the reference person who is responding to the survey, not necessarily to the head of household.
EXHIBIT 1-6. VERY LOW-INCOME RENTERS
AND WORST CASE NEEDS BY RACE/
ETHNICITY, 2007–2009
Sounullnullnullnull null.null. nullepartment of nullousing and nullrban nullevelopment,
Ofnullce of nullolicy nullevelopment and nullesearch, tabulations of
American nullousing nullurvey data
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2007 2009 2007 2009 2007 2009
nullery nullwnullncome nullnters
nullorst nullse nulleds
nullnters (nullnullnull
Non-Hispanic
White
Non-Hispanic
Black
Hispanic
EXHIBIT 1-7. SHARE OnullWORST CASE NEEDS
BY HOnullSEHOLD TYnullE, 2009
Sounullnullnullnull null.null. nullepartment of nullousing and nullrban nullevelopment,
Ofnullce of nullolicy nullevelopment and nullesearch, tabulations of
American nullousing nullurvey data
Elderly Without
Children

Other
nullnulllies
Other
Nonnullnullly
nullnulllies With
Children
1null7null
null9null
null.null
null.null
geographic locations, which we examine in connection with rental
housing markets in nullction null
8
Although the rate of immigration, especially nullspanic immigration, has
been strong during the past decade, little evidence indicates that it
has a disproportionate bearing on worst case needs. null nullnull, house null
holders
9
who are naturalinulld citinullns accounted for nullnullpercent of
worst case needs, proportional to their nullnullpercent share of unas null
sisted very lownullncome households. nullkewise, noncitinulln household null
ers constituted null.8 percent of worst case needs, slightly less than
their null.nullpercent share of unassisted very lownullncome households.
Among unassisted very lownullncome renters, the incidence of worst
case needs is null.nullpercent for noncitinulln householders and null.null
percent for naturalinulld citinullns. Across both immigrant groups, the
average incidence of worst case needs among unassisted very lownull
income renters is null.nullpercent, nearly identical to the null.nullpercent
rate for nullnull native householders. Among nullspanic immigrants, the
incidence is slightly lower, at null.nullpercent of unassisted very lownull
income renters.
WonullnullnullCnullnullnullNnullnullnullnullnullnullHounullnullnullonullnullTnullnullnull
nullhe composition of different households renullects variations in their
stage of life, income and resources, and housing needs. nullost worst
case needs affect families with children, followed by nonfamily renter
households, elderly renters, and other families.
nullxhibit nullnull8 provides greater detail, showing the number of very lownull
income renters and worst case needs among these household types
in nullnullnullnulland nullnullnull9.
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullWnullnullnullCnullnullnullnullnullnullnull
nullorst case needs are an increasing problem for families with chilnull
dren. nulln nullnullnull9, the number of renters with children and very low
incomes increased by nullnullnull,nullnullnullfrom the nullnullnullnulllevel. nullhe number
of worst case needs for this group grew even more substantially,
increasing by nullnullnull,nullnullnullcases over the same period. Among very lownull
income renters with children, the nullnull.nullnullpercent incidence of worst
case needs is up sharply from the nullnull.nullnullpercent incidence in nullnullnullnull.
nullithout housing assistance, worst case needs would be substannull
tially higher. Among very lownullincome renters with children, null.null9 million
(nullnull.nullpercent) have rental assistance, and therefore cannot have
worst case needs by denullnition.
EnullnullnullnullnullnullHounullnullnullonullnullnull
nullnullnulldenullnes elderly households as those having a household head
or spouse who is at least nullnullyears of age and no children under null8
years of age. nulluring nullnullnull9, null.nullnull million elderly renters had worst case
needs, an increase of nullnullnull,nullnullnullfrom the nullnullnullnullestimate. nulln nullnullnull9, the
incidence of worst case needs among elderly very lownullincome rentnull
ers was nullnull.nullpercent, which is slightly less than the rate for families
with children but is slightly higher than the nullnull.nullnullpercent rate recorded
in nullnullnullnull.
2,919
7,null7
nullnullnull
null051
1,null5
null0null
1,null0
nullnullnull
1,2null
null297
1,5null
nullnullnull

6
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
Other Families
After anullnullounting for fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren and enulldernullynullheaded housenull
honulldsnullother renter househonullds nullan be divided into those nullith fanullinully
renullationships and those nullithout. nullnullther fanullinulliesnullinnullnullude househonullds
sunullh as nullarried nulloupnulles nullho are nullhinulldnulless or have adunullt nullhinulldren at
honullenulladunullt sibnullings sharing an apartnullentnullor househonullders boardnull
ing an enulldernully parent. As sunullhnullnullother fanullinulliesnullis a nullategory that is
affenullted by doubnullingnullup behavior nullthat isnullreverse househonulld fornullanull
tionnullduring tinulles of enullononullinullstress.
nullnullther fanullinulliesnullnullonstitute the snullanullnullest nullategory shonulln in enullhibit
nullnullnullnull representing null.nullnull nullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnull of nullhonull
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullhad nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnull. nullnullther fanullinulliesnullthus anullnull
nullount for onnully null.nullpernullent of nullorst nullase needs. Their innullidennulle of
nullorst nullase needsnullhonullevernullat nullnull.nullpernullentnullenullnulleeds the rates for
both fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren and enulldernully househonulldsnulland it represents
a dranullatinullinnullrease fronullthe nullnull.nullnullpernullent rate renullorded in nullnullnullnull.
Other nullonfamily Households
nulln nullnullnullnullnull ore than null.nullnull inullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullere nullother
nonfanullinullynullhousehonulldsnull anulling this the senullondnullnullargest nullategory afnull
ter fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren. These renters nullonullprise individuanulls nullnullnull.null
pernullentnullsee tabnulle Anullnullanulland unrenullated peopnulle sharing a housing
unit. Worst nullase needs anullong these renters nunullbered null.nullnull inullnullionnull
for an innullidennulle of nullnull.nullpernullentnullthat is the highest anullong the four
househonulld nullategories. nullonullevernullthe innullrease in innullidennulle fronull null.null
pernullent in nullnullnullnullis snullanullnuller than the innullreases seen anullong fanullinully
househonulldsnulleither nullith or nullithout nullhinulldren.
The addition of nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullother nonfanullinulliesnullduring the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull
period innullreased their share fronullnullnull.nullto nullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnull
nullUnullSnullnullOnullS nullnullOUnull DnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS nullnull nullHnull 2nullnullnull
nullnullnullRnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SURnullnullnull
null Are you deaf or have serious difnullnullunullty hearingnull
null Are you bnullind or have serious difnullnullunullty seeingnulleven nullhen
nullearing gnullassesnull
null Benullause of a physinullanullnull nullentanullnull or enullotionanull nullonditionnull
does anyone in this househonulld have serious difnullnullunullty
nullonnullentratingnullrenullenullberingnullor nullanulling denullisionsnull
null Does anyone in this househonulld have serious difnullnullunullty
nullanullnulling or nullnullinullbing stairsnull
null Does anyone in this househonulld have serious difnullnullunullty
dressing or bathingnull
null nullFor anullnullpersons nullnullyears and onulldernullBenullause of a physinullanullnull
nullentanullnull or enullotionanull nullonditionnull does anyone in this
househonulld have difnullnullunullty doing errands anullone sunullh as
visiting a donulltornulls ofnullnulle or shoppingnull
Sourcenull nullnullD PDnullnullnullnull nullnull
innullonulle renters. Anullthough their share of nullorst nullase needs did not
innullrease in the sanulle nullaynullthe innullrease in nullother nonfanullinulliesnullas a
proportion of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullounulld signanullthat individuanulls
are doubnulling up as a nullay to nullope nullith shrinnulling innullonulles and innull
nullreasing rents.
nullt is notabnulle that tnullo singnulle individuanulls nullith very nullonullinnullonulles nullho
begin to share housing nullay nullointnully surpass the very nullonullnullinnullonulle
threshonulldnullthereby redunulling the nunullber of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters
by tnullo. As a resunulltnulldoubnulling up nullounulld be even nullore prevanullent than
the innullrease in nullother nonfanullinulliesnullnullith very nullonullinnullonulles suggests.
Households nullncluding People nullith
Disabilities
Worst nullase needs nullan be espenullianullnully troubnullesonulle for househonullds
innullnulluding peopnulle nullith disabinullities. Disabinullities nullan redunulle enullpnulloynull
nullent options and nullanulle it nullore difnullnullunullt to nullnd suitabnulle housing at a
reasonabnulle nullost. nullntinullrenullentnullynullthe onnully nullethod of identifying peonull
pnulle nullith disabinullities using AnullS data nullas to nulloonullfor innullonulle sournulles
assonulliated nullith peopnulle nullith disabinullitiesnullsunullh as sonullianullsenullurity or
disabinullity paynullents. nullnullD used these innullonulle pronullies in past reports
on nullorst nullase needsnulleven though the pronullies have been shonulln
to undernullount peopnulle nullith disabinullities nullnullnullDnullPDnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullver the
yearsnull nullD has nullornulled to nullanulle estinullates of nullorst nullase needs betnull
ter and nullore prenullisenullpartinullunullarnully anullong peopnulle nullith disabinullities.
Beginning nullith the nullnullnullnull AnullSnull respondents are asnulled direnulltnully
nullhether househonulld nullenullbers have any of sinulltypes of disabinullitiesnull
nullhinullh innullnullude four basinull funnulltionanull nullinullitationsnullvisuanullnull hearingnull
nullognitivenull and anullbunullatorynulland difnullnullunullties nullith anulltivities of dainully
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull nullnullD nullROnullnullH OF
nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull
2nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of
Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
null
nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Very Lonullnullnullnull nullnters
Worst nullse nulleds
nullnters nullnullnullnull
Families
With
Children
Elderly
Without
Children
nullher
Families
nullher
nullnfamily
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnull
nullnullnull
nullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull

7
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 1. extent and natuRe of WoRst Case needs
nulliving—senullfnullnullare and independent nulliving.
nullnull
This vanulluabnulle nullapabinullity of
the nullnullnullnullAnullS survey enabnulles nullnullD to estinullate direnulltnully nullorst nullase
needs for househonullds innullnulluding nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullitiesnull
thereby avoiding nullinullitations of the innullonullenullbased pronullies.
Peopnulle nullith disabinullities are found anullong anullnullfour househonulld types
disnullussed previousnully. nulln nullnullnullnullnullnull.nullpernullent of anullnullhousehonullds and
nullnull.nullpernullent of anullnullrenters innullnulluded nonenulldernully peopnulle
nullnull
reporting at
nulleast one of the sinull easures of disabinullities. nullf the null.nullnull inullnullion renter
househonullds nullith nullorst nullase needs in nullnullnullnullnullanullnullost nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullor nullnull.null
pernullentnullinnullnullude one or nullore nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullities.
Anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters that innullnullude nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith
disabinullitiesnullthe innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs averages nullnull.nullpernull
nullent. The innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs reanullhes as high as nullnull.null
pernullent anullong fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren innullnulluding peopnulle nullith disabinullinull
tiesnulland anullso enullnulleeds onenullthird of nullothernullhousehonullds that innullnullude
nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullities.
Anullthough these nenulldirenullt nulleasures of disabinullity are nullnullearnully an inullnull
provenullent fronullthe past pronully nulleasuresnullevidennulle fronullother data
sournulles suggests that the estinullate of renters nullith nullorst nullase needs
that innullnullude peopnulle nullith disabinullities is nullinullenully an undernullount. Anullternanull
tive data fronullthe Anullerinullan nullonullnullunity Survey indinullates that the
share of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith disabinullities nullan be nullnullto nullnull
pernullent higher than the AnullS estinullate.
nullt is the innullidennulle anullong the disabnulled popunullation rather than the
prenullise estinullation of nullorst nullase needs that is nullrunullianullfor nullanulling
nullonullparisons anullross different data sournulles and enullanullining trends in
this inullportant ponullinully area. Anullthough the nenullAnullS disabinullity nulluesnull
tions do not yet support a trend ananullysisnullthe innullonullenullpronully nulleasure
used previousnully nullan infornullus of trends in nullorst nullase needs anullong
very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith disabinullities.
nulln nullnullnullnullnull null.nullpernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullho nullere found to
innullnullude peopnulle nullith disabinullities through use of the innullonulle pronully had
nullorst nullase needs. This rate nullas null.nullpoints higher than the nullnullnullnullinnull
nullidennulle nullnullnull.nullpernullentnulland null.nullpoints higher than the nullnullnullnullinnullidennulle
nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull.
nullnull

Based on the innullonulle pronullynullthe nullarge innullrease in the nunullber of
nullorst nullase needs househonullds overanullnullduring the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod
nullas not nullatnullhed by a proportionanullinnullrease in the nunullber of nullorst
nullase needs househonullds that innullnullude peopnulle nullith disabinullities. Worst
nullase needs anullong househonullds that innullnullude peopnulle nullith disabinullities
grenullby nullnull.nullpernullentnullsubstantianullnully nulless than the nullnull.nullnullpernullent innull
nullrease in nullorst nullase needs overanullnull. As a resunulltnullfronull nullnullnullto nullnullnullnullnull
the innullidennulle of disabinullities anullong renters nullith nullorst nullase needs
denullreased fronullnullnull.nullto nullnull.nullpernullent.
nulln order to give the issue of nullorst nullase needs anullong peopnulle nullith
disabinullities nullore indepth ananullysisnullin nullnullnullnullnullnullD nullinullnullissue a suppnullenull
nullent to the nullorst nullase needs report. The suppnullenullent nullinullnullenullanulline
honullthe AnullSnulls direnullt nulluestions on disabinullity nullonullpare nullith nulleasures
based on innullonullenull ananullyze the differennulles in disabinullity estinullates
based on different nulleasures and data sournullesnulland disnulluss the
denull ographinulland geographinullnullharanullteristinulls of nullorst nullase needs
for househonullds innullnulluding peopnulle nullith disabinullities.
null
The spenullnull Anull nullestions about disabinullty are donullnullnted as additions to the Anull nulldeboonull See nullDnullDnull nullnullnull.
null
The ananullysis is nullinullited to nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullities benullause a nullarge proportion of enulldernully peopnulle suffer fronull inullpairnullents and anulltivity nullinullitations as a predinulltabnulle nullonsenulluennulle
of aging. nulltenullhonullvernullthat nonenullernull peopnull nullth disabinullties nully be found in enullernull headed househonullsnulland that these individuanull are not identinullbnull nullth pronullnullased nullthods.
null
These estinulltes differ fronullpreviousnull pubnullshed estinulltes benulluse they innullude nonenullernull adunulls nullth disabinullties found anullng fanullnulles nullth nullinullren.
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Worst nullse needs nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Pernullntage nullth nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
Pernullntage having nonenullernull persons nullth disabinullties null.null nullnull null.null null.null null.null
nullnullnull null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters having nonenullernull
persons nullth disabinullties
nullnull null nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Worst nullse needs null.null null.null nullnull nullnull nullnull
Pernullntage nullth nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data
Family
nullth
nullildren
nullderly
nullthout
nullildren
Other
Families
Other
nullnfamily nullotal
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnullD PRnullSnullnullnullnull OF nullOnullnullnullDnullRnullnull PnullOPnullnull nullnullnullH DnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS
nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnull

8
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
Summary
Worst nullase needs for affordabnulle rentanullhousing are a nullarge and gronullnull
ing probnullenull. nulln nullnullnullnullnullof the nullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters
susnulleptibnulle to severe rent burdens and severenully inadenulluate housnull
ingnullnull.nullnullnullinullnullionnullnullnull.nullpernullentnullfanulled one or both of those probnull
nullenulls nullithout housing assistannulle. The nunullber of nullorst nullase needs
innullreased sharpnully and signinullnullantnully sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullnullhen null.nullnullnullinullnullion
nullorst nullase needs nullere estinullated. Furthernullthe nunullber of nullorst nullase
needs has been nullnullinullbing for nullany years. Sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullthe nunullber of
nullorst nullase needs has gronulln by nullnullpernullentnullenullpanding fronull .nullto
null.nullpernullent of anullnullhousehonullds in the nation.
Worst nullase needs have gronulln even as severenully inadenulluate housing
has benullonulle nulless prevanullent. nulln nullnullnullnullnullseverenully inadenulluate housing
nullas the sonulle nullause of onnully null.nullpernullent of nullorst nullase needsnullnullhinulle
nullnull.null pernullent of nullorst nullase needs nullere triggered sonullenully by severe
rent burdensnulland null.nullpernullent by both probnullenulls.
For very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullno ranullianullor ethninullgroup enullanullinednulland
no househonulld nullonullpositionnullis enullenullpt fronull orst nullase needs. Fronull
nullnullnullnull to nullnullnullnullnull nullorst nullase needs innullreased anullong nonnullnullispaninull
White renters nullnullith a null.nullnullpoint innullrease to nullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnull
innullonulle rentersnullnullnonnullnullispaninullBnullanullnullrenters nullnull.nullnullpoint innullrease to
nullnull.nullpernullentnullnulland espenullianullnully rapidnully anullong nullispaninulls nullnull.nullnullpoint innull
nullrease to nullnull.nullpernullentnull. Differing enullperiennulles of ranullianulland ethninull
groups during the renullessionary period nullay resunullt fronulldifferennulles
in nullonullationnullsubprinulle nullortgage invonullvenullentnulland enullpnulloynullent situnull
ations.
Anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullorst nullase needs are prevanullent
anullong fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullenulldernully househonullds nullithnull
out nullhinulldren nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullother fanullinully househonullds nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnull
and other nonfanullinully househonullds nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnull hinullh innullnullude singnulle
adunullts and roonullnullates. Fanullinullies nullith nullhinulldren anullnullount for the nullargest
share of nullorst nullase needsnull null.nullpernullentnullfonullnullonulled by other nonfanullnull
inully renters at nullnull.nullpernullent. And anullthough other fanullinullies nullonstitute a
renullativenully snullanullnull ategorynulltheir innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs is nullnull.null
points higher than it nullas in nullnullnullnull.
Worst nullase needs onullnullurred for nullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle
renters innullnulluding nonenulldernully peopnulle nullith disabinullities in nullnullnullnullnullbenullonull
the overanullnullinnullidennulle of nullnull.nullpernullent anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentnull
ers. Based on innullonullenullbased pronulliesnullthe innullidennulle of nullorst nullase
needs anullong disabnulled renters innullreased by null.nullpernullentage points
fronullthe nullnullnullnullrate.
Senulltion null inullnullenullanulline honullthe broad probnullenullof nullorst nullase needs
is nullaused by shortages of affordabnulle housingnulland nullitigated by asnull
sisted housingnullin nationanulland regionanullnullarnullets.
SnullnullnullnullOnull

9
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing
nullationanullnullynullonnully nullnullaffordabnulle units enullist for every nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters.
Fenuller than nullnullaffordabnulle units are avainullabnulle for onullnullupannully for every nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnull
innullonulle renters. The geography of nullorst nullase needs and housing assistannulle sets a
foundation for understanding nullonullpetition for affordabnulle rentanullhousing. There is an innull
adenulluate suppnully of affordabnulle rentanullunits avainullabnulle to very nullonullnullinnullonulle andnullespenullianullnullynull
to enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. This shortage is nullorsened by the pronulless of dispnullanullenull
nullent by higher innullonulle renters. A nullnanullbnullonullis that a signinullnullant portion of the affordabnulle
stonullnullis physinullanullnully inadenulluate and nullay pose threats to onullnullupants.
nulleography of nullorst nullase nulleeds
nullousing nullarnullets are nullonullanull arnullets. And perhaps even nullore than nulleanullthier rentersnullvery
nullonullnulland enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullay nullnd their nullhoinulle of housing units nullinullited to
those in their nullonullanullnullonullnullunities and neighborhoods.
As a nationanullsurveynullthe AnullS does not support biennianullestinullates of nullorst nullase needs
for individuanullnulletroponullitan areas.
nullnull
nullt doesnullhonullevernullsupport an enullanullination of three
types of nulletroponullitan nullonullationsnullnullentranullnullitynullsuburbnulland nonnulletroponullitan or ruranullarnull
easnulland four geographinullregionsnullnullortheastnullMidnullestnullSouthnulland West. This spatianull
ananullysisnullanullthough at a high nullevenullnullprovides nullonsiderabnulle detainullto the nationanullpinullture of
nullorst nullase needs.
nullorst nullase nulleeds and Housing nullssistance by Region
and nulletropolitan nullcation
A nulley aspenullt of the denullnition of nullnullorst nullase needsnullis that it nullan be understood as
an indinullator of need for affordabnulle housing. Benullause rentanullhousing nullith deep pubnullinull
subsidies fanullnulls into the nullaffordabnullenullrangenullthe denullnition of nullorst nullase needs enullnullnulludes
renters nullith housing assistannulle. Thereforenullenullanullining the spatianulldistribution of housing
assistannulle and of nullorst nullase needs together provides infornullation about the enulltent to
nullhinullh assistannulle is nullitigating severe housing probnullenulls.
nullnullhibit nullnullnullshonulls the distribution of the nationnulls nullnull.nullnullnullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters
anullross the three nulletroponullitan nullategories and four nullensus regions. nulln a regionanullbasisnull
sHortage oF aFFordable Housing
null
Through nullnullnullnullD and the nullnsus Bureau have nullndunulled periodinullAnull nulltroponulltan surveys to suppnullnullnt the
nationanullAnull. Beginning in nullnullnullthe nationanullAnull nullnull innullrporate nulltroponulltan oversanullnulls to provide nulltroponulltan
data nullre frenullentnull.
2SnullnullnullnullOnull

10
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
null
Anull estinulltes of assisted very nullnullinnullnull renters renull on senullnulleported datanullbut they renullnull renullnt inullrovenullnts in data renullabinullty. For nullnullarisonnullnullD adnullnistrative data for nullnull
shonullnullnull nullnullion assisted househonullsnullbased on nullnull nullnullion units of Senullion nullassistannullnullnullnull nullnullion units of pubnullnullhousing nullet of nullpernullnt vanullnnullnull nullnull nullnullion units of housing
for enullernull and disabnulld individuanullnulland nullnull nullnullion units of nullMnulltenantnullased assistannull nullnullnullnullnullnull Sonull nullDnullssisted renters nully have innullnulls above the very nullnullinnullnull
threshonull if their innullnulls innulleased after progranulladnullssion.
null
nullgh rents introdunull the nullestion of nullether enough rentanullunits are avainullbnull at Fair Marnullt nullnt nullMnull to nullnull housing vounullers an adenullate ponullnull response to affordabnull housing
shortfanulls. The suppnullnullntanulltabnull Bnull in appendinullB addresses the enullent of housing suppnull on a regionanullbasis. Anullhough enough affordabnull units enullst in eanull regionnullthe nunuller of
avainullbnull units in eanull region is sufnullient to house onnull nullnullnullpernullnt of the renters nullo nulln afford rents no higher than the FMnull For renters nullo are attenullting to nulld a unit nullth a
nullusing nulloinull Vounullernullthe housing nullanullty standards of that progranullinullnull that those rentersnullsunulless nullnull depend upon the prevanullnnull of nulldenullatenullunits in their areanullousing
that is not nullrenull affordabnull and avainullbnull units.
nullost very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnull.nullnull inullnullionnullare found in the Southnull
fonullnullonulled by sinullinullar shares of null.nullnull inullnullion eanullh in the nullortheast and
Midnullestnulland null.nullnullnullinullnullion in the West. nullentranullnullities are honulle to
null.nullnullnullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullfonullnullonulled nullnullosenully by suburbs
nullith null.nullnullnullinullnullion and nonnulletroponullitan areas nullith null.nullnullnullinullnullion.
Linulle very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnull orst nullase needs are nullonullnullon in evnull
ery region and nulletroponullitan nullategory anullross the nation. As a nationanull
averagenullnullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters have nullorst nullase
needs. The innullidennulle is snullightnully higher than the nationanullaverage in
the Westnullabout the sanulle in the Southnulland nullarginanullnully nullonuller in the
nullortheast and Midnullest.
Loonulling anullross nulletroponullitan nullategoriesnullthe innullidennulle of nullorst nullase
needs is snullightnully greater than the nationanullaverage in nullentranullnullities
and suburbs and benullonullaverage in nonnulletroponullitan areas.
nullnullhibit nullnullnullanullso denullonstrates the inullportant ronulle pnullayed by housing
assistannulle in redunulling nullorst nullase needs. nulln a nationanullbasisnull .nullnull
nullinullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullnull.null pernullentnullreport renulleiving
housing assistannulle and nullnull.nullpernullent have nullorst nullase needs. Thusnull
null.nullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters have nullorst nullase needs for every nullthat
is assisted.
nullnull

Benullause nullost assisted househonullds nullounulld othernullise enullperiennulle
nullorst nullase needsnullit is nullorth observing that housing assistannulle is
renullativenully nulless nullonullnullon in the suburbsnullnullhere onnully nullnull.nullpernullent of
these renters are assisted. The prevanullennulle of housing assistannulle
anullso varies on a regionanullbasisnullranging fronull null.nullpernullent in the West
to nullnull.nullpernullent in the nullortheastnull ith its estabnullished but aging stonullnull
of pubnullinullhousing.
nullnullhibit nullnullnull harts the sanulle data to inullnullustrate honullhousing assistannulle
and nullorst nullase needs are inversenully renullated. The innullidennulle of nullorst
nullase needs is nullonuller in nonnulletroponullitan areas and in the nullortheast
and Midnullest nullhere housing assistannulle is renullativenully nullore avainullabnulle.
The innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs is greater in the West and in subnull
urbsnull here housing assistannulle is snullarnullernullanullthough high rents in the
West anullso nullontribute to this snullenario.
nullnull

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. nullUnullnullnullR OF nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullD nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS
nullnullD HOUSnullnullnull nullSSnullSnullnullnullnullnull nullnull RnullnullnullOnull nullnullD nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnull
nulltropolitan nullcation
Region nullntral nullties Suburbs
nullnmetropolitan
nulleas nullotal
nulldnullst nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null
With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullrtheast nullnullnullnull 2nullnull null2null nullnull nullnullnull
With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null
With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null
South nullnullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnull2 nullnull2
With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null
With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullest nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null
With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullotal nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
With nullrst nullse needs null.null null.null null.null null.null
With housing assistannull null.null null.null null.null null.null
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data

11
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing
nullnteraction of Racenullnullthnicity and
nulletropolitan nullcation
nullnullhibit nullnullnullshonulls the nunullber of very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullboth overnull
anullnulland nullith nullorst nullase needsnullby the nullanullor ranullenullethninullity groups
and their nulletroponullitan nullonullation.
Anullross the nationnullnullnullD found a totanullof null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullorst nullase
needs in nullentranull ities nullnullnull.nullpernullent of the totanullnullnull .nullnull inullnullion in subnull
urban areas nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnulland null.nullnull inullnullion in nonnulletroponullitan areas
nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull. The distribution of nullorst nullase needs by nulletroponullitan
nullonullation paranullnullenulls the distribution of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters anullross
these areas.
The nullost nullonullnullon areas to nullnd nullorst nullase needsnullhonullevernulldifnull
fer for White renters
nullnull
nullonullpared nullith nullinority popunullations. White
househonullds nullontinue to anullnullount for the nullargest share of very nullonullnull
innullonulle renters and of nullorst nullase needs in every nulletroponullitan nullatnull
egory. The nullargest proportion of White very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnullnull.null
pernullentnullnullive in suburbsnulland the nullargest share of their nullorst nullase
needs nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullare found there as nullenullnull.
nulln nullontrastnull nullinority very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters and nullinority nullorst
nullase needs are nullost nullonullnullonnully found in nullentranull ities. nullentranull ities
are honulle to nullnull.nullpernullent of Bnullanullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters and nullnull.null
pernullent of Bnullanullnullnullorst nullase needs. Sinullinullarnullynullnull.nullpernullent of nullisnull
paninullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters and nullnull.nullpernullent of nullispaninullnullorst
nullase needs onullnullur in nullentranullnullities. A sinullinullar story nullan be tonulld for
nullothernullnullinority househonullds.
nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2null2. nullRnullnullnullnullR nullnullnullnullSS nullO HOUSnullnullnull
nullSSnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnull SPnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull RURnullnull nullRnullnullSnull
RnullDUnullnullS nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull
nullnullnullDSnull2 nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of
Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull nullnull nullnull
Per
nullnt of V
ery Lonullnullnullnull nullnters W
ith
nullusing Assistannull
Pernullnt of Very Lonullnullnullnull nullnters With Worst nullse nulleds
nullrtheast
nullnmetro
nulldnullst
nullnmetro
nullrtheast
Central City
nulldnullst Suburb
South Suburb
nulldnullst Central City
South Central City
West
Central City
West
Suburb
nullrtheast
Suburb
South nullnmetro
West nullnmetro

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. nullUnullnullnullR OF nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS OnullnullRnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullH nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDS nullnullnullnullnullnullnull
nullnull RnullnullnullnullnullnullHnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnull
nulltropolitan nullcation
Racenullthnicity nullntral nullties Suburbs
nullnmetropolitan
nulleas nullotal
nullnnullispanic nullite 2nullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull
With nullrst nullse needs nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnnullispanic nullacnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
With nullrst nullse needs nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Hispanic nullnullnull null2null 2null nullnullnull
With nullrst nullse needs nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Other nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
With nullrst nullse needs nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullotal nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
With nullrst nullse needs nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data
null
null this disnullssionnullnullhitenullrefers to nonnullispaninullWhite rentersnulland nullnullnullnullrefers to nonnullispaninullBnullnull renters.

12
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
Honullthe nullarnullet nullllocates nullffordable
Housing on a nullational nullasis
nullnullhibit nullnullnullshonulls the distribution of rentanullunits and their onullnullupannull
nully by the affordabinullity of their rents renullative to Area Median nullnnullonulle
nullAMnullnull. A unit is nullonsidered affordabnulle for a renter as nullong as gross
rent nullrent pnullus utinullitiesnulldoes not enullnulleed nullnullpernullent of innullonulle. Any
given renternullhonullevernullnullay nullive in a unit renting for nulless thannullthe
sanulle asnullor nullore than that threshonulld.
nullnull
The enulltent of nullonullpetition for the nullost affordabnulle housing portrayed
in nullnullhibit nullnullnullis strinulling.
nullnull
nulligher innullonulle renters onullnullupy nullnull.nullpernullent
of the units affordabnulle to enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnull null.nullpernullent
of units affordabnulle for innullonulles at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnulland nullnull.null
pernullent of units affordabnulle at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnull.
nullonullpetition for affordabnulle units is denullonstrated further by the varynull
ing proportions of vanullant units anullross the affordabinullity nullategories.
The vanullannully rate innullreases as affordabinullity of the rent denullreases.
Anullong the nulleast nullostnully unitsnullthose nullith rents affordabnulle for innull
nullonulles at nullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullonnully null.nullpernullent are vanullant. The
vanullannully rate nullunullps to nullnull.nullpernullent anullong units affordabnulle at nullnullto
nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullto nullnull.nullpernullent anullong units affordabnulle at nullnullto
nullnullpernullent of AMnullnulland to nullnull.nullpernullent anullong the highest rent units.
This steep gradient in nationanullvanullannully rates renullenullts the very tight
nullarnullet for enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle units and the innullreasingnully snullanullnull
nullarnullet nullonditions found at higher rent nullevenulls nullnullhinullh innullnullude nunullernull
null
nullte that renters nullose innullnulls pnullnull thenullat the bottonullof an innullnull range nullunull not nulld units affordabnull that rent at the top of their range. More detainulld presentations of these
data appear in appendinulls A and Bnullnullere tabnull Anullnulland enullibit Bnull shonullunit affordabinullty and onullupannull status using nullnulloint innullnull breanull.
null
For severanullreasons it nully be inappropriate to nullbenullthe nullnsunulltion of housing unit that is nullss nullstnull than one nullunull afford as nullispnullnullnullntnullof poorer rentersnullbut for nullnull of a
better nullrdnullthat ternullnullnull be used. nullusehonulls at nullny innullnull nullvenull fanull a variety of nullnulleting denullnds on their disnulletionary innullnullnulland they have the freedonullto anullonullte their
nullnsunulltion as they nulloose. Furthernullenullibit nullnullrenullnulls nationanullaggregate datanullnullinull do not support assunulltions that very nullnullinnullnull renters onullupying enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull
unitsnullfor enullnullnullnullnullunull anulluanully have enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nearby seenullng their unit.
null
Measures of affordabinulltynullavainullbinulltynulland adenullanull nullnullare the entire housing stonull nullth the entire renter popunulltionnulland they do not renullnull snullnullnullnullnull geographinulldetainull nullen
the snullnuller geographinullunits used in this ananullsis are too nullrge to anulluratenull represent nullnullnullhousing suppnull and denullndnullso resunulls shounull be vienulld nullth sonull nullution as nationanullor
regionanullindinulltors based on undernulling nullnullnullhousing nullrnullts. More severe shortages or generous surpnullses nulln onullur in spenullnull housing nullrnullts despite these nationanulland regionanull
nulldings. For an overvienullof issues renullted to nullnullnullnullrnulltsnullsee KhaddurinullBurnettnulland nulldda nullnullnull.

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. OnullnullUPnullnullnullnull OF nullFFORDnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS SHOnullS nullFFnullnullnullS OF nullOnullPnullnullnullnullnullOnull nullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRSnull
2nullnullnull
Rental Units by nullcome nulleded to nullnull the Rent nullfordable nullnullnullnull
Occupancy Status
nullnullnullnull
of nullnull
nullnullnullnull
of nullnull
nullnullnullnull
of nullnull
nullnull of
nullnull nullotal
nullgher innullnull onullupants nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null nullnullnull
Sanull or nullnullr innullnull onullupants nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Vanullnt nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullotal null2null nullnullnull nullnull2null nullnullnull nullnullnull
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle. nullA nullnullot Avainullabnulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data
ous vanullation honullesnull. The gradient anullso shonulls that in nullany nullarnulletsnull
rentanullvounullhers nullounulld feasibnully redunulle nullorst nullase needs if nullandnullords
are nullinullnulling to partinullipate.
Anullthough vanullannully rates provide a vanulluabnulle indinullation of the banullannulle
betnulleen suppnully and denullandnullthey do not direnulltnully nullonullpare the nunullnull
ber of affordabnulle units nullith the nunullber of renters. The renullainder of
Senulltion null nullanulles sunullh nullonullparisonsnullenullpnulloying three innullreasingnully
stringent nullonnullepts to assess nullhether the rentanullhousing stonullnullis
sufnullnullient for the need.
nullffordabilitynullnullvailabilitynulland nulldenulluacy of
the nullational Rental Stocnull
nullnullhibit nullnullnull desnullribes the null.S. rentanull housing stonullnull in nullnullnullnull usnull
ing AnullS data. These aggregate data portray honullthe overanullnullstonullnull
nullounulld nullonullpare nullith the need for affordabnulle housing if nullonullation did
not nullatter.
nullnull

The nullunullunullative nunullber of affordabnulle units is shonulln to enulluanullthe nullunull
nullunullative nunullber of renters onnully nullhen innullonulles of nullnullpernullent of AMnull
are innullnulluded. Beyond this pointnull ore than nullnullnullaffordabnulle units enullist
per nullnullnullrentersnullenoughnull ith perfenullt anullnullonullationnullto provide affordnull
abnulle housing to every renter nullith innullonulle above nullnullpernullent of AMnull.
This threshonulld nulloved higher fronullthe nullnullnullnullnullevenullof nullnullpernullent of
AMnullnull eaning that the snullarnullity of affordabnulle units is reanullhing higher
up the innullonulle snullanulle.

13
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing
The ratio of affordabnulle units per renter peanulls at an innullonulle nullevenullof
nullnull pernullent of AMnull. The ratio of nullunullunullative units to nullonullunullative renters
denullnullines at higher innullonulles. nulligher innullonulle renters nullnd nulless need to
spend nullore than nullnull pernullent of their innullonulles on housing and are
abnulle to absorb units nullithout enullperiennulling nullost burdens.
nullnough affordabnulle units enullist to house onnully nullnullpernullent of enulltrenullenully
nullonullnullinnullonulle renters even if those units sonullehonull ounulld be perfenulltnully anullnull
nullonullated. nullotabnullynullnullnullpernullent is substantianullnully benullonullthe nullnullpernullent of
enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters for nullhinullh affordabnulle units enullisted in nullnullnullnull.
nullonsidering avainullabinullity in addition to affordabinullity adds an inullportant
dinullensionnullnullhether or not affordabnulle units are nullurrentnully onullnullupied by
higher innullonulle renters.
nullnull
Avainullabinullity poses an inullportant additionanull onnull
straint for renters seenulling affordabnulle unitsnullbenullause onnully about nullnullpernull
nullent of enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullounulld anulltuanullnully nullnd an affordabnulle
unit avainullabnulle for their onullnullupannully even if nullonullation nullere not a fanulltor.
The paunullity of affordabnulle and avainullabnulle units is due in part to the onullnull
nullupannully of a nullonsiderabnulle proportion of the nullost affordabnulle housing
stonullnullby renters nullho nullounulld afford to spend nullore nullas shonulln prenull
viousnully in nullnullhibit nullnullnullnull. The affordabnulle stonullnullis nonullinanullnully sufnullnullient
to house every renter above nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullbut the avainullabnulle
nullnullnullSURnullnullnull nullHnullnullHnullR nullFFORDnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull
SnullOnullnullnull S SUFFnullnullnullnullnullnull FOR nullHnull nullnullnullD
null Affordability nulleasures the enulltent to nullhinullh enough rentanull
housing units of different nullosts nullan provide eanullh renter nullith a
unit it nullan afford nullbased on the nullnullnullpernullentnullofnullinnullonulle standardnull.
Affordabinullitynull nullhinullh is the broadest nulleasure of the renullative
suppnully of the housing stonullnullnull addresses nullhether sufnullnullient
housing units nullounulld enullist if anullnullonullated sonullenully on the basis of nullost.
The affordabnulle stonullnullinnullnulludes both vanullant and onullnullupied units.
null Availability nulleasures the enulltent to nullhinullh affordabnulle rentanull
housing units are avainullabnulle to renters nullithin a partinullunullar innullonulle
range. Avainullabinullity is a nullore restrinulltive nullonnulleptnullbenullause units
that nulleet the denullnition nullust be avainullabnulle as nullenullnullas affordabnulle.
Sonulle renters nullhoose to spend nulless than nullnullpernullent of their
innullonulles on rentnullonullnullupying housing that is affordabnulle to renters
of nullonuller innullonulle. These units thus are not avainullabnulle to a nullonuller
innullonulle renter. A unit is avainullabnulle at a given nullevenullof innullonulle if it is
affordabnulle at that nullevenulland either nullnullnullonullnullupied by a renter nullith
that innullonulle or nulless or nullnullnullvanullant.
null Adequanull enulltends the nullonnullept of avainullabinullity by nullonsidering
nullhether sufnullnullient rentanullunits are physinullanullnully adenulluate as nullenullnullas
affordabnulle and avainullabnulle. Adenulluanully thus is the nullost restrinulltive
of the three nulleasures.
nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. nullHRnullnull nullnullnullSURnullS nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullnullnull
nullHnull SUFFnullnullnullnullnullnullnull OF nullHnull U.S. Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull
SnullOnullnullnull2nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of
Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
nullnullnull as Pernullnt of Area Median nullnullnull
Affordabnull
Affordabnull and Avainullbnull
AffordabnullnullAvainullbnullnulland Adenullate
stonullnulldoes not nullatnullh the nunullber of renters untinullhousehonulld innullonulles
reanullh about nullnullpernullent of AMnull.
nullnullhibit nullnullnull anullso inullnullustrates that adding a nullnanull nullriterionnullthat units
shounulld be physinullanullnully adenulluatenullfurther redunulles the suppnully of the
rentanullhousing stonullnull. nullven for renters nullith nullonullinnullonulles up to nullnull pernull
nullent of AMnullnullonnully nullnulladenulluate units are avainullabnulle for every nullnullnullrentnull
ers. The physinullanullnully adenulluate stonullnulldoes not funullnully nullatnullh the need untinull
those units affordabnulle onnully above nullnullnullpernullent of AMnullare innullnulluded.
nullnull
Rental Stocnullby nullncome
We have seen that renullativenully fenullrentanullunits are affordabnullenullandnullbenull
nullause of dispnullanullenullent and nullinullited vanullannulliesnulleven fenuller are avainullnull
abnulle to renters nullith the nullonullest innullonulles. nullnullhibit nullnullnullsunullnullarizes the
three housing stonullnull easures for the standard innullonulle groups used
in this report.
A severe nullisnullatnullh enullists betnulleen the nunullber of enulltrenullenully nullonullnull
innullonulle renters and the nunullber of affordabnulle units avainullabnulle to thenull.
For every nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullonnully nullnull affordabnulle units
null
The avainullbinullty nullasure anullo renullves units fronullnullnsideration if they have artinullianully nullnullrents benulluse they are onullupied as a benenull of enullnullynullnt nullor enullnullnullnullunits provided for
nullretanullrsnullor benulluse renulltives or friends of the onullupants onull the units. The nullnull Anull data indinullte that nullnullnullnullion renter househonulls null.nullpernullntnullonullupied their units nullinull paying
no rent. The Anull does not provide estinulltes of the nunuller of househonulls paying a positive but benullnullnullrnullt rent benulluse of enullnullynullnt or other reasons.
null
Beginning in nullnullnullthe Anull dropped nullrtain nullestions renullted to the nullndition of nullnullon hanullnullysnullnullinull had previousnull been innulluded in the overanull adenullanull nullasure.
nullnsenullentnullnullit is nullnullnull that sonull units rated as adenullate in nullnull and nullnull nully have been rated inadenullate in nullnullnullespenullanully for apartnullents in nullrger strunullures.
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
null
null
null
null
null
null null null nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullusing nullits per nullnullnullnters

14
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
enullistnulland fenuller than nullnullaffordabnulle units are avainullabnulle for their onullnull
nullupannully. nullf physinullanullnully adenulluate units are renulluirednullonnully nullnullunits are
avainullabnulle for every nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters.
nullnull

nullenters nullith very nullonullinnullonulles nullnd nullnullaffordabnulle units per nullnullnullrentnull
ersnullnearnully enough overanullnullnullbut sinullinullarnully nullnd a nullisnullatnullh of avainullnull
abnulle units. nullnnully nullnullunits are avainullabnulle for every nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle
rentersnulland onnully nullnullavainullabnulle units per nullnullnullrenters are physinullanullnully
adenulluate. For nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullavainullabnulle rentanullstonullnullis sufnullnullient
to house anullnullrentersnullanullthough a snullanullnullproportion of units have physinull
nullanullprobnullenulls.
nullnullhibit nullnullnullinullnullustrates that the suppnully of affordabnulle housing stonullnullfor
enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters fenullnullby nullnullunits per nullnullnullrenters during
the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnullfronull nullto nullnullunits per nullnullnullrenters. For very
nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullaffordabnulle units fenullnullby nullnullunits per nullnullnullrenters.
Avainullabinullity of affordabnulle units did not denullnulline nulluite as severenully during
the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. Avainullabnulle units denullreased by nullunits per nullnullnullfor
enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle and by nullunits per nullnullnullfor very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentnull

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnull nullnull nullnullnullOnullnull nullnullnullnullnullORnullnull2 nullnullnull
Rental Units per nullnullRenters
nullfordable
nullfordable and
nullvailable
nullfordablenull
nullvailablenulland
nullenullate
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data
ers. The nullonger ternull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnulltrend is anullso negative for both innullonulle
groups and for both nulleasuresnullreversing the nullodest gains observed
for enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod.
nulleography of Supply
The previous disnullussion shonulls that nullorst nullase needs are dispersed
anullross the nationnullyet they nullan be nullonnullentrated in nullertain geographnull
inullareasnullthat spatianullvariation is affenullted in part by the avainullabinullity of
housing assistannulle.
The private nullarnulletnullinnullnulluding both fornullpronullt and nonpronullt housing
providersnullnullan provide both assisted units and affordabnulle housing.
The enullanullination of affordabnulle housing suppnully on a nationanullbasis renull
veanulls the fonullnullonullingnull rstnullthe suppnully of rentanullunits that are affordabnulle
to very nullonullnullinnullonulle and poorer househonullds is sinullpnully inadenulluatenull
senullondnullthis shortage is nullorsened by the naturanullpronulless of disnull
pnullanullenullent by higher innullonulle rentersnulland thirdnullthis shortage is furnull
ther nullorsened by sonulle of the stonullnullnulls physinullanullinadenulluanully.
null
nullsearnull based on the nullsidentianullFinannull Survey indinulltes that null pernullnt of units nullth gross rents of nullnull or nullss produnulld negative net operating innullnullnullsuggesting they are
heading for denullnulltion or nullnversion to nonresidentianulluse nulloint nullnter for nullusing Studies of nullrvard nulliversitynullnullnullnull

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. nullRnullnullD nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnull nullnull nullnullnullOnullnull nullnullnullnullnullORnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull
Rental Units per nullnullRenters
nullange
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnullnull2nullnull 2nullnull2nullnull
nulltremely nullnullnullcome Renters nullnullnullnullnullnull
Affordabnull null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnull.null
Affordabnull and avainullbnull null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullery nullnullnullcome Renters null nullnullnullnullnull
Affordabnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullnullnull nullnull.null
Affordabnull and avainullbnull null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data

15
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing
The fonullnullonulling disnullussion sharpens that snullenario by shonulling honull
inadenulluate suppnully varies by geography.
Rental Stocnullby nulletropolitan nullcation
Denullnulliennullies in the affordabnulle and avainullabnulle stonullnullare nulless severe
in nonnulletroponullitan areas. nullnullhibit nullnullnull sunullnullarizes the affordabnulle
housing suppnully for nullitiesnull suburbsnull and nonnulletroponullitan areas.
nullotabnullynullanullthough nullities and suburbs dispnullay nullonullparabnulle avainullabnullenull
unitnullratiosnullnullith nullnullto nullnullunits per nullnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters
and nullnullto nullnullunits per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullthe undernullying
suppnully of affordabnulle units is nullore nullonstrained in nullentranullnullities than
it is in suburbs.
Furthernullthe renullationship betnulleen the affordabinullity ratio and avainullabinullity
ratio highnullights variations renullated to nulletroponullitan nullonullation. The nullathnull
enullatinullanulldifferennulle betnulleen estinullates of affordabnulle units and avainullnull
abnulle units renullenullts the nullonullbined effenullt of the tnullo fanulltors presented in
nullnullhibit nullnullnullnullonullvanullannully rates for affordabnulle unitsnulland dispnullanullenullent
of needy renters fronullaffordabnulle units by higher innullonulle renters.
nullnullhibit nullnullnullreveanulls that fenuller affordabnulle units are nullost benullause of
unavainullabinullity in densernull ore urban areas. nulln nullentranull itiesnullabout nullnull
othernullisenullaffordabnulle units are unavainullabnulle per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle
renters.
nullnull
nulln nullonullparisonnull nullaffordabnulle units are unavainullabnulle per nullnullnull
renters in suburbsnull and nullnull affordabnulle units are unavainullabnulle per nullnullnull rentnull
ers in nonnulletroponullitan areas.
A snullanullnuller redunulltion of affordabnulle housing avainullabinullity in nullentranullnullity
areas nullay nullonullfronullthe benenullts of thinullnullernullnullore efnullnullient nullarnullets
nullithin nullities. These nullarnullets nullan offer a nullider range of unit features
and prinulle points that offer appeanulling vanullue to higher innullonulle renters.
More and better nullhoinulles for higher innullonulle renters nullan affenullt avainullnull
abinullity of affordabnulle housing for very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters by redunulling
dispnullanullenullent or by innullreasing vanullannully rates and nullausing rents of
adenulluate units to nullnullter donulln to affordabnulle nullevenulls.
Anullso nullorth nullonsideration in nullnullhibit nullnullnullis the enulltent of differennulles
betnulleen the ratios of avainullabnulle units and adenulluate units. Suburban
areas nullose fenuller affordabnulle and avainullabnulle units to inadenulluanullynullnullinullenully
renullenullting the younger housing stonullnull.
nullnull
For suburbsnulladding the adnull
enulluanully test redunulles the avainullabinullity ratio by nullunits per nullnullnullvery nullonullnull
innullonulle renters. The differennulle is nullore than doubnulle that in nullentranull
nullities and nonnulletroponullitan areasnull ith nulland nullfenuller units per nullnullnull
rentersnullrespenulltivenully.
Adnullusting avainullabinullity ratios for differennulles in adenulluanully nearnully enullinullinates
the nullitynullsuburb differennulle in the affordabnulle rentanullstonullnull. The adenulluanully
null
These estinulltes of unavainullbnull units renullnull the differennull betnullen the estinulltes of affordabnull units and avainullbnull units presented in tabnull nullnull and differ fronullestinulltes of dispnullnull null
nullnt r eported in nullnnenullion nullth enullibit nullnullby nullvering the funull very nullnullinnullnull nulltegorynullunits affordabnull at nullto null pernullnt of AMnullrather than onnull null to null pernullnt of AMnull
null
nullnnully nullnull pernullent of suburban rentanull units nullere buinullt before nullnullnullnullnull nullonullpared nullith nullnull pernullent of nullentranull nullity units and nullnull pernullent of nonnulletroponullitan rentanull units nullnullensus Bureau nullnullnullnullnull
tabnull nullnull.

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnull nullnull nullnullnullOnullnull nullROUPS nullnull nullnullnullnullRnullnull nullnullnullnullnullSnullS UnullURnullSnull nullnullD
nullOnullnullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullRnullnullSnull2 nullnullnull
Housing Units per nullnullRenters
nullfordable
nullfordable and
nullvailable
nullfordablenull
nullvailablenulland
nullenullate
nullntral nullties
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null
Suburbs
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null
nullnmetropolitan nulleas
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data

16
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
test anullso nullonsiderabnully redunulles the potentianullaffordabnulle housing appeanull
of nonnulletroponullitan areas renullative to denser areas. nullven in nonnulletronull
ponullitan areasnullonnully nullof every nullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullounulld nullnd an
adenulluate unit that nullas affordabnulle and avainullabnulle for their use.
Rental Stocnullby Region
nullnullhibit nullnullnullshonulls substantianullvariation in the avainullabinullity of affordabnulle
rentanullunits anullross the four nullensus regions. The Midnullest has the best
avainullabinullitynull ith nullnullunits per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. The West is
nullorst offnull ith nullnullunits per nullnullnullrentersnulland the nullortheast and South
have nullnullto nullnullunits per nullnullnullrenters. For enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentnull
ersnullthe avainullabinullity of affordabnulle units is far fronulladenulluate in any renull
gion. nullt is notabnulle that enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnd substantianullnully
tighter suppnully in the South than in the nullortheast even though very
nullonullnullinnullonulle renters in those regions fanulle sinullinullar nullarnullets.
nullndeednullin the West and the nullortheastnullnot enough affordabnulle units
are avainullabnulle even nullhen nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnullnull
are innullnulluded.
nulleverthenullessnullthe prinullary point in enullhibit nullnullnullis that enulltrenullenully nullonullnull
innullonulle renters nullontinue to fanulle severenully nullonstrained nullarnullets anullross
anullnullfour regions. Anullthough sonulle regions sonulletinulles have substannull
tianullnully nullonuller housing nullosts on averagenulleven those regions nullannot

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull. Rnullnullnullnullnull HOUSnullnullnull SnullOnullnull nullnull RnullnullnullOnull nullnullD nullnullnullOnullnull nullnullnullnullnullORnullnull2 nullnullnull
Housing Units per nullnullRenters
nullfordable
nullfordable and
nullvailable
nullfordablenull
nullvailablenulland
nullenullate
nullrtheast
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nulldnullst
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
South
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null
nullest
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data
nullanulle affordabnulle units avainullabnulle for even onenullhanullf of their enulltrenullenully
nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. Adding the adenulluanully test to the avainullabinullity ranull
tios does not introdunulle the type of additionanulldisparities anullross the
regions that nullere apparent anullross nulletroponullitan nullonullations.
Dynamics of Supply
nulln addition to understanding the spatianullaspenullts of affordabnulle housnull
ing suppnullynullit is usefunullto nullonsider the trends in suppnully over tinullenullboth
nationanullnully and by nulletroponullitan nullonullation.
nullrends in nullational Rental Stocnull
The avainullabinullity of the affordabnulle rentanullstonullnullhas shonulln a degree
of stabinullity for nullnullyears. But as enullhibit nullnullnullnullinullnullustratesnullthat stabinullity
is nullaning and housing shortages are approanullhing nenullenulltrenulles.
The avainullabinullity of affordabnulle rentanullunits per nullnullnull renters is shonulln for
the four standard innullonulle nullategories during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod.
During the past nullyearsnullthe nullost vunullnerabnulle rentersnullthe very nullonullnull
innullonulle nullanullority and the enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle subsetnullhave fanulled
the tightest nullarnullet for affordabnulle housing sinnulle nullnullnullnull.
nulln nullnullnullnullnullthe avainullabinullity of affordabnulle rentanullunits denullreased for rentnull
ers in anullnullinnullonulle groups benullonull null pernullent of AMnull. Anullthough sonulle of
the nullosses nullere renullovered in nullnullnullnullnullthe shortages regained strength

17
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 2. shoRtage of affoRdable housing
in nullnullnullnull. Middnullenullinnullonulle rentersnullin nullontrastnullhave nullontinued to enullpenull
riennulle a stabnulle and adenulluate suppnully of affordabnulle rentanullunits. The
unusuanullvariations observed in rentanullhousing during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull
period nullay be tied to the gyrations of the honulleonullnership nullarnullet in
renullent yearsnulla topinullto be enullpnullored further in Senulltion null.
nullrends in Rental Stocnullby nulletropolitan
nullcation
nullnullhibits nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullshonullhonullaffordabinullity ratios and avainullabinullity
ratios have nullhanged anullross nullentranullnullitiesnullsuburbsnulland nonnulletronull
ponullitan areas during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod.
nullonsidering enullhibit nullnullnullnullnull it is apparent that the stonullnull of affordnull
abnulle units has denullnullined signinullnullantnully renullative to the nunullber of rentnull
ers. These nullhanges are seen despite the yearnulltonullyear variations in
these estinullates that resunullt fronullthe intrinullanullies of nullhanging rents
and nullovenullent of househonullds betnulleen innullonulle groups or betnulleen
honulle onullnership and renting.
During nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullthe affordabinullity ratio denullnullined by nullnullto nullnullunits
per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters in nullentranullnullitiesnullsuburbsnulland nonnull
nulletroponullitan areas. nullver the nullonger nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnulldenullnullines in
the affordabnulle housing stonullnullare even nullore dranullatinullnullranging fronull
nullnullfenuller units per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle renters in suburbs to nullnullto nullnull
fenuller units per nullnullnullrenters in nullentranullnullities and nonnulletroponullitan areas.
Anullthough denullnullines in the affordabnulle stonullnullfronull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullare subnull
stantianullnulldenullnullines in the avainullabinullity rationullanullthough signinullnullantnullhave
been nulless dranullatinull. nullonullpared nullith nullosses of nullnullto nullnullaffordabnulle
unitsnullthe nullosses shonulln in enullhibit nullnullnullnullare nulless severenullthe avainullabnulle
Moderate nullnullnull nullnullnullAMnull
Lonullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullAMnull
Very Lonullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullAMnull
nulltrenullnull Lonullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullAMnull
nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull OF nullFFORDnullnullnullnull
Rnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullSnullnull nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of
Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
nullnull
nullnull
null
null
null
null
null
nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull
nullusing nullits per nullnullnullnters
units ratio denullnullined by onnully about nullunits per nullnullnullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle
rentersnullregardnulless of nulletroponullitan status.
Losses of avainullabnulle units neverthenulless have been substantianullover the
nullonger nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnull ith nullnullfenuller avainullabnulle units per nullnullnullvery
nullonullnullinnullonulle renters in suburbsnull nullfenuller in nullentranull itiesnulland nullnullfenullnull
er in nonnulletroponullitan areas. Sinullinullar nullhanges have onullnullurred for enullnull

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnullnull. nullRnullnullDS nullnull SUPPnullnull OF nullFFORDnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS nullnull nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull
Rental Units per nullnullRenters
nullange
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnullnull2nullnull 2nullnull2nullnull
nullntral nullties
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Suburbs
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull.null nullnullnull
nullnmetropolitan nulleas
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null nullnull.null nullnull.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull.null nullnull.null
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull.null nullnull
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data

18
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
trenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullas the denullnullining avainullabinullity of affordabnulle
housing nullontinues to nullreate nullorst nullase needs. nullnnully for renters nullith
innullonulles at nullnullto nullnullpernullent of AMnull ounulld the nenulls of avainullabinullity be
nullonsidered goodnull ith avainullabinullity generanullnully enullnulleeding nullnullnullunits per
nullnullnullrentersnulland nullith trends sonullenullhat stabnulle or positive sinnulle nullnullnullnull.
Summary
Worst nullase needs are nullonullnullon in every region and nulletroponullitan
nullategory anullross the nullnited States. nullationanullnully in nullnullnullnullnull null.nullpernullent
of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters have nullorst nullase needs. The innullidennulle
is snullightnully higher than average in the West nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullin nullentranull
nullities nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnulland in suburbs nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull. The innullidennulle is
nullonuller in nonnulletroponullitan areas nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullin the nullortheast nullnullnull.null
pernullentnullnulland in the Midnullest nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull.
nullousing assistannullenullinnullnulluding that provided by nullnullDnullis an inullportant
preventer of nullorst nullase needs anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters. nullanull
tionnullidenullnullnull.nullpernullent of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters report renulleiving
housing assistannullenulltotanulling null.nullnullnullinullnullion househonullds.
But for every very nullonullnullinnullonulle renter nullho is assistednullnull.nullrenters
have nullorst nullase needs for sunullh assistannulle. The innullidennulle of housnull
ing assistannulle anullong very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters is greater in nonnulletnull
roponullitan areasnulland nullonuller in suburbs nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullnullin the West nullnullnull.null
pernullentnullnulland in the South nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull.
The nation has enough affordabnulle units to house every very nullonullnull
innullonulle renter if anullnullonullation nullere perfenull honullevernull far fenuller affordabnulle
units are anulltuanullnully avainullabnulle to renters nullith the nullonullest innullonulles. This
disnullrepannully onullnullurs benullause vanullannully rates are nullonullfor the nullonullest
rent unitsnulland nullany affordabnulle units are rented to higher innullonulle
fanullinullies. nullf units affordabnulle to enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullnull.null
pernullent are onullnullupied by higher innullonulle fanullinullies. Andnullin nullnullnullnullnullthe
vanullannully rate for units affordabnulle at enulltrenullenully nullonullinnullonulles nullas onnully
nullnullpernullntnullnullnullared nullth null.nullpernullnt vanullnnull for units affordabnull
above null pernullnt of AMnull
When a sinullnull ratio of affordabnull units per very nullnullinnullnull renters
is nullde nullre stringent by adding avainullbinullty as a nullnstraintnullthe ratio
denulleases fronullnull units per nullnullrenters to onnull null per nullnullrenters.
The effenulls of the avainullbinullty nullnstraint are even nullre severe for enull
trenullnull nullnullinnullnull rentersnullredunullng the affordabnull unit ratio fronullnull
to null per nullnullrenters.
Furthernulla substantianullproportion of avainullbnull units are not in standard
physinullnullnullndition. When the nulliterion of physinullnulladenullanull is added
to the ananullsis of avainullbinullty during nullnullnullthe nunuller of avainullbnull
units is redunulld fronullnull to null units per nullnullvery nullnullinnullnull rentersnull
and fronullnull to null units per nullnullenullrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters.
The avainullbinullty of affordabnull units anullo varies anulloss regions. The supnull
pnull is nullst snullrnull in the Westnullnullth onnull null affordabnull units avainullbnull
per nullnullvery nullnullinnullnull rentersnullnullnullared nullth null in the Southnullnull
in the nullrtheastnulland null in the Midnullst.
The nullng trend of nullrnullt stabinullty in the nationanull avainullbinullty of
affordabnull units began nullanullning in nullnullnulland avainullbinullty of affordabnull
units has signinullantnull nullrsened. During the nullnullnullnullnull periodnull
affordabnull and avainullbnull units per nullnull very nullnullinnullnull renters
denulleased by null in nullntranullnulltiesnullby null in suburbsnulland by null in
nonnulltroponulltan areas. null nullnullnullavainullbnull units nullre donull to null per
nullnullvery nullnullinnullnull renters in nullntranullnulltiesnullnull in suburbsnulland null
in nonnulltroponulltan areas.

nullnullHnullnullnullnull 2nullnull2. nullRnullnullDS nullnull SUPPnullnull OF nullFFORDnullnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS nullnull nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull
2nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull
nullfordable and nullvailable Units per nullnullRenters
nullange
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnullnull2nullnull 2nullnull2nullnull
nullntral nullties
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnullnull
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Suburbs
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnullnull nullnull.null
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnullnull
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull
nullnmetropolitan nulleas
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnullnull
Very nullnullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull null.null null.null null.null null.null nullnull.null nullnullnull
Lonullinnullnull renters nullnullnullnullAMnull nullnullnull null.null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull
SnullnullnullnullOnull
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data

19
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 3. undeRstanding the tRend in WoRst Case needs
understanding tHe trend in
Worst Case needs
Senulltion nulldenullonstrated that nullorst nullase needs innullreased anullross the nationnulland that the
innullrease is renullated to denullreasing avainullabinullity of affordabnulle rentanullunits renullative to the nunullber of
very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullho need thenull. Senulltion nullenullaborates on honullthe nullhanges in nunullnull
bers of unitsnullnunullbers of rentersnulland rents during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod undernullie this resunullt.
The honulleonullnership nullrisis and enullononullinullrenullession nullinullenully pnullayed a nullanullor ronulle in fuenulling
the innullrease in nullorst nullase needs. nullf the null.nullnullnullinullnullion nullases of nullorst nullase needs that
enullerged during nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull.null pernullent nullan be attributed to denullographinullnullhanges
that affenullted the popunullation of unassisted very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnulland nullnull.nullpernullent
nullan be attributed to nullhanges in innullidennulle that resunullted fronullthe nenull arnullet pressures
those renters generated.
Fanullnulling tenant innullonullesnulland possibnully nullortgage defaunullts as nullenullnullnullnullanded nullany addinull
tionanullhousehonullds in the nullategory of verynullnullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith nullorst nullase needs. As
a senullondary effenulltnullnenull onullpetition for affordabnulle rentanullunits innullreased dispnullanullenullent
of enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullabsorbed vanullant unitsnulland drove up rents.
nullhanges in nullffordable Housing Demand
This report has shonulln that nullhanges in nullorst nullase needs renullenullt both nullhanges in the popunull
nullation vunullnerabnulle to nullorst nullase needsnullunassisted very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnulland nullhanges
in innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs for that popunullation. The popunullation of vunullnerabnulle renters
is affenullted prinullarinully by denullographinullfanulltorsnulland the innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs is
a produnullt of nullinullroenullononullinullfanulltorsnullthe nullarnullet response to nullhanges in denulland for
affordabnulle housing. nullThe suppnully of affordabnulle housing is renullativenully nullnulled in the short run.null
The fonullnullonulling ananullysis sorts out these fanulltors. Firstnull e distinguish betnulleen the effenullts
of innullidennulle and the effenullts of popunullation nullhange to estinullate their renullative inullportannulle.
Then nulle identify honullnullunullh various denullographinullfanulltors affenullted the popunullation nullhange.
Household Formationnullnullenurenulland nullncome Factors
The popunullation of unassisted very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters innullreased by nullnull.nullpernullent during
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullfronull null.nullnullto nullnull.nullnull inullnullion. During the sanulle periodnullinnullidennulle of nullorst nullase
needs in this group innullreased fronullnullnull.nullto nullnull.nullpernullent.
Fronullthese fanulltsnull e nullan attribute nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenull ases of nullorst nullase needs nullnullnull.nullpernull
nullentnullto denullographinullnullhangesnulland null nullnullnullnullnenullnullases nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullto nullhanges in
nullSnullnullnullnullOnull

20
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
innullidennullenulltogether totanulling the null.nullnullnullinullnullion nenullnullorst nullase needs
observed in the AnullS betnulleen nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnull.
nullnull
The nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenullnullorst nullase needs resunullting fronulldenullographinull
shifts nullan be further bronullen donullnnullas fonullnullonullsnull
null Household formation. A nullnullpernullnt innullease in nullrst nullse
needsnullor anullost nullnullnull nenullnullsesnullnulln be attributed to housenull
honull fornulltion. The nation added nullnullnullnullnull nenull househonulls
fronullnullnull to nullnull. The househonull fornulltion rate of nullnullpernullnt
nulluring this nullyear periodnullnulls snullnullr than the average biennianull
innullease of nullnullpernullnt observed in Anull sanullnulls sinnull nullnull.
null Renter share of households. A negnullgibnull nullnullpernullnt denull
nullease in nullrst nullse needs is attributed to nullnor shifts in tennull
ure betnullen honullonullership and renting. The nation added
nullnullnullnullrenter househonulls fronullnullnull to nullnullnullbut the innullease
of nullnullpernullnt nulls snullghtnull nullss than the nullnullpernullnt innullease in
househonulls on a proportionanullbasis. For nullnullarisonnullthe avernull
age biennianullgronullh rate in renter househonulls sinnull nullnull has
been nullnull pernullnt.
null Renter income losses. A null.nullpernullnt innullease in nullrst nullse
needsnull or nullnullnullnull nenull nullsesnull is attributed to innullnull shift.
nullnullnullnullnullnenullvery nullnullinnullnull renters nullre added fronullnullnull
to nullnull benulluse of shrinnullng innullnullsnulland the gronullh rate of
nullnullpernullnt enulleeded gronullh in renters on a proportionanullbanull
sis. Sinnull nullnullnullthe average biennianullnullange in very nullnullinnullnull
renters has averaged nullnullpernullnt.
null Rental assistance gap. A null.nullpernullnt innullease in nullrst nullse
needsnullor nullnullnullnullnenullnullsesnullis attributed to nullnull of rentanullasnull
null
The denullgraphinulleffenull is based on the nenullinnulldennull nullnullipnulled by the nunullrinullnullinnullease in rentersnulland the innulldennull effenull is based on the innullease in innulldennull nullnullipnulled by
the basenullne nunuller of renters.
sistannull. The nullnullnullnullnullinnullease in very nullnullinnullnull renters
nullo nullnull housing assistannull nulls nullnullnullnullnull The null.nullpernullnt
innullease nulls substantianully greater on a proportionanullbasis than
the nullnullpernullnt innullease in very nullnullinnullnull renters. nulldeednullat
nullast in the Anull datanullnenullunassisted very nullnullinnullnull renters
anulluanully enulleeded nenullvery nullnullinnullnull renters overanull nullhat isnull
on an absonulltenullas nullnull as proportionanull basisnull The average biennull
nianullnullange in unassisted very nullnullinnullnull renters has averaged
nullnullpernullnt sinnull nullnull.
This ananullysis shonulls that the prinullary nullauses of innullreases in nullorst
nullase needs fronullnullnullnullnullto nullnullnullnullare enullononullinullin nature. The renullessionnull
driven nullosses of innullonulle that innullreased the nunullber of very nullonullnull
innullonulle renters enullpnullain nullnull.nullpernullent of nenull orst nullase needsnulland
the housingnullnullarnullet driven innullreases in innullidennulle enullpnullain nullnull.nullpernullent
of nenullnullorst nullase needs.
nullnullhibit nullnullnull inullnullustrates the resunullts of the attribution ananullysis. The
househonulld fornullation and renter share pnullayed onnully a nullinor ronulle. nullentnull
er innullonulle nullossesnullin nullontrastnullnullere a nullrunullianullfanulltornullbenullause fanullnulling
innullonulles drove hundreds of thousands of higher innullonulle renters into
the nullategory of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullith nullorst nullase needs. The
rentanullassistannulle gap nullas anullso signinullnullant benullause no innullrease in
housing assistannulle onullnullurred in proportion to the surge.
The nullonullpetition for affordabnulle units had the greatest ronulle in this
ananullysisnullinnullreasing the innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs through disnull
pnullanullenullentnullabsorption of vanullannulliesnulland upnullard pressure on rents.
Homeonullnership nullrisis and Recession
The share of renters anullong null.S. househonullds nullight have been enullpenullted
to pnullay a signinullnullant ronulle in innullreasing nullorst nullase needs during the
renullent subprinulle nullortgage and honulleonullnership nullrises. During the
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnullnunullerous very nullonullnullinnullonulle honulleonullners onnulle
again benullonulle renters. Anullthough this AnullS ananullysis does not denullonnull
strate that forenullnullosed honulleonullners frenulluentnully benullanulle renters nullith
nullorst nullase needsnullthis nullay in fanullt have onullnullurred. nullnullD tabunullations
of the nullurrent Popunullation Survey nullnullPSnullshonullthat the honulleonullner null
ship rate for househonullds nullith innullonulles benullonull the AMnull fenullnull by
null.nullpoints during this periodnullfronull null.nullpernullent in the third nulluarter of
nullnullnullnullto nullnull.nullpernullent in the third nulluarter of nullnullnullnull.
The AnullS data are not nullnullearnullnullut about the fanullts undernullying nullhanges
in tenurenullbut honulleonullnership nullosses by very nullonullnullinnullonulle and subnull
prinulle honulleonullners nullay have been nullonnulleanulled in these data by honulle
purnullhases by higher innullonulle renters that nullinullited the overanullnullgronullth in
renters. nullonullpared nullith the null.nullnullpoint denullnulline in the benullonullnullnullediannull
innullonulle honulleonullnership ratenullthe nullPS data shonullthat the overanullnull
honulleonullnership rate denullnullined by a nullunullh snullanullnuller null.nullpoints betnulleen
the third nulluarters of nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullnullfronullnullnull.nullto nullnull.nullpernullent.
The fanullt that honulleonullner innullonulles snullid donullnnullard substantianullnully fronull
nullnullnullnullto nullnullnullnullis anullso suggestive. Despite an innullrease of nullnullnullnullnullnullnull
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. DnullnullOnullRnullPHnullnull nullnullD nullnullOnullOnullnullnull
nullnullUSnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullSnullnullnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull nullnullnullDSnull
2nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of
Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnull
null
Added W
orst Case nulleds nullnullnullnull Household
Formation
nullnull
Renter
Share
nullnull
Renter
nullcome
nullsses
nullnullnull
Rental
Assistance
nullp
nullnullnull
Affordable
nullit
Competition
nullnullnull
nullt
Change
in Worst
Case
nulleds
nullnullnull
nullnulleases Denull eases nullt nullsunull

21
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 3. undeRstanding the tRend in WoRst Case needs
null
nullnull nullnull.
null
BLS nullnullnullBLS nullnull.
null
nullte that AMnullis nullnullunullted on the basis of anull househonullsnullnot nullst renters.
in the totanullnunullber of honulleonullnersnulla nearnully enulluivanullent denullrease
onullnullurred in those nullith innullonulles above nullnullpernullent of AMnullnullanullnullonullnull
panied by an innullrease of null.nullnull inullnullion very nullonullnullinnullonulle honulleonullners
nullsee tabnulle Anullnullbnull.
Finanullnullynullthe nunullber of very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullight have innullreased
even nullore rapidnully if unrenullated individuanulls had not doubnulled up into
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenullnullother nonfanullinullynullhousehonullds nullsee enullhibit nullnullnullnull. nullndinull
viduanulls nullhose innullonulles fanullnullbenullonullthe very nullonullnullinnullonulle threshonulld
nullight not fornullvery nullonullnullinnullonulle househonullds nullhen they poonulltheir
resournulles and share housing. Doubnulling up anullso nullounulld henullp enullpnullain
the nullonuller rate of househonulld fornullation and the nullat proportion of rentnull
ers observed during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod.
A nullanullor nullause of denullnullines in tenant innullonulle nullas the rapid innullrease
in unenullpnulloynullent during the renullession and the persistennulle of unenullnull
pnulloynullent after the renullession ofnullnullianullnully ended. The renullession ofnullnullianullnully
onullnullurred entirenully nullithin the nullidnullnullnullnullnullto nullidnullnullnullnullnullperiod for nullhinullh
nullhanges in nullorst nullase needs are estinullatednullit began in Denullenullnull
ber nullnullnullnulland ended nullith the trough in the business nullynullnulle in nullune
nullnullnullnull.
nullnull
The inullpanullt on unenullpnulloynullent nullas dranullatinull. nulln Septenullber
nullnullnullnullnullthe unenullpnulloynullent rate nullas null.nullpernullent and null.null inullnullion peopnulle
nullere unenullpnulloyed. nullnenullpnulloynullent doubnulled during the renullessionnullso
that by Septenullber nullnullnullnullthe unenullpnulloynullent rate nullas null.nullpernullent
and nullnull.nullnullinullnullion nullere unenullpnulloyed.
nullnull
nullhanges in the nullffordable Housing
Supply
nullnullhibits nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullin the previous senulltion presented the nullidenull
spread denullnulline in avainullabinullity of affordabnulle rentanullunitsnullbut the reanull
sons nullay not be nullnullear given the renullative stabinullity of the proportion
of renters and honulleonullners. Sonulle additionanulldatanullinnullnulluding nulley
nunullbers undernullying the nullhanges in avainullabnulle unit ratiosnullnullinullnullshed
nullight on the issue.
nullacancy RatesnullRentsnulland nullmpetition
for Units
nullnullhibit nullnullnullenullanullines the fanulltors responsibnulle for the nullhange in the
avainullabinullity of affordabnulle units. During the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull periodnull the
overanullnull .S. rentanullstonullnullinnullreased by null.nullpernullentnullor nullnullnullnullnullnullnullunitsnull
and the nunullber of renters innullreased by a sinullinullar null.nullpernullentnullor
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullhousehonullds. These nullhanges offer no indinullation of nullhy dranull
nullatinullinnullreases in nullorst nullase needs arose.
nullt shounulld be noted in enullhibit nullnullnullthat nullnullD innullonulle nullinullitsnull hinullh denullne
the enulltrenullenully nullonullnullvery nullonullnulland nullonullnullinnullonulle nullategoriesnullinnullreased
about nullpernullent during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. During the sanulle
nullnullyear periodnullthe nulledian renternulls innullonulle innullreased by onnully null.nullpernull
nullent.
nullnull
This differennulle indinullates that stagnant or denullreasing innullonulles
nullay have anullnullonulled nullore renters to snullip benullonullthe innullonulle nullategory
threshonullds. The innullreases in the nunullbers of enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle
renters nullnull.nullpernullentnulland very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullnull.nullpernullentnullinullnull
nullustrate that innullonulles snullippednulland suggest nullhy nullonullpetition for the
nullost affordabnulle units gained strength.
As the ananullysis at the beginning of this senulltion shonullednullinnullreased
nullonullpetition for affordabnulle units nullas a nullanullor fanulltor in innullreasing the
innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs. Suppnully and denulland fanulltors nullaused
the nulledian housing nullost for anullnullrenters to innullrease by null.nullpernullent
during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod.
nullent innullreases nullere nullore severe at the nullonullend of the nullarnullet. Mean
rents innullreased by nullnull.nullpernullent for renters nullith very nullonullinnullonulles during
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull. nullPernullentage innullreases nullere about the sanulle for the nullnullnullnull
pernullent of AMnulland the nullnullnullnullnullpernullent of AMnullgroups. See tabnulle Anullnullnull.null
Anullthough innullreases in the nunullber of units enullnulleeded innullreases in rentnull
ers on an overanullnullbasisnullthe situation is substantianullnully different at the nullonullnull
er end of the affordabinullity snullanulle. For very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullaffordabnulle
and avainullabnulle units denullreased by nullnullnullnullnullnullnullbut renters innullreased by
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull. For enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullaffordabnulle and avainullabnulle
units denullreased by nullnullnullnullnullnullnullbut renters innullreased by nullnullnullnullnullnullnull.
A signinullnullant part of the story is the redunulltion in vanullant units that
onullnullurred at nullonuller rent ranges. nullnullhibit nullnullnullinullnullustrates that nullnullnullnullnullnullnull
fenuller units affordabnulle to enulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullere vanullant in
nullnullnullnullthan in nullnullnullnull. Very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters nullost nullnullnullnullnullnullnullvanullant units.
Anullross the entire nullarnulletnulla net innullrease of nullnullnullnullnullnullnullvanullant units
onullnullurred nullostnully anullong units renting for nullore than very nullonullnullinnullonulle
fanullinullies nullounulld afford.
The absorption of the nullost affordabnulle vanullant units in the nullarnullet is
nullonsistent nullith the surge of poor renters that onullnullurred as a resunullt
of shrinnulling innullonulles and nullortgage forenullnullosures. Tanullen togethernull
the absorption of vanullant unitsnullthe innullrease in dispnullanullenullent of very
nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnulland the innullrease in the rents they paid paint
a nullonullpenullnulling pinullture of the inullpanullt of innullreasing nullarnullet nullonullpetinull
tion fronull nullnullnullto nullnullnullnull. These fanulltors shonullthat denullographinull and
nullanullroenullononullinullnull hanges in the popunullation of unassisted very nullonullnull
innullonulle renters nullay have a direnullt effenullt on nullorst nullase needs. The
direnullt effenulltnullhonullevernullis enullanullerbated by the effenullt of nullonullpetition for
affordabnulle housing.
nulloncluding Summary
An ananullysis of the effenullts of the innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs on
the nationnulls popunullation of vunullnerabnulle very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters and the
effenullts of popunullation nullhange during the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod indinullates
that nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenull ases of nullorst nullase needs nullnullnull.nullpernullentnullresunullted
fronulldenullographinull hangesnulland null nullnullnullnullnenull ases nullnullnull.nullpernullentnull
fronullnullhanges in innullidennulle.

22
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
Four denullographinullfanulltors affenullt the nunullber of unassisted very nullonullnull
innullonulle renters nullho are susnulleptibnulle to nullorst nullase needs. nullationanull
househonulld fornullation anullnullounts for a snullanullnull franulltion of nenull nullorst
nullase needsnull .nullpernullent of the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullinnullrease. nullhanges in the
renter share of househonullds nullere negnulligibnullenullnullausing a null.nullnullpernullent
denullrease in nullorst nullase needs. The nullanullor denullographinullfanulltors nullere
renter innullonulle nullosses that nullaused renters to snullip into the very nullonullnull
innullonulle popunullation. This fanulltor anullnullounted for nullnull.nullpernullent of adnull
ditionanull orst nullase needsnullor nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenull ases. Finanullnullynullthe gap in
rentanullassistannulle renullative to gronulling need anullnullounts for nullnull.nullpernullent
of nenullnullasesnullor nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnenullnullases.
The prinullary nullauses of innullreased nullorst nullase needs are enullononullinull
in naturenullinvonullving the nullnull.nullpernullent of nenullnullases resunullting fronull
renullessionnulldriven nullosses of renter innullonulle nullpart of the denullographinull
shiftnull and the nullnull.null pernullent nullonulling fronull housingnullnullarnullet driven
innullreases in innullidennulle of severe housing probnullenulls.
Linullitednullbut suggestivenullevidennulle indinullates that supernullnullianullnully stabnulle
tenure data do not dispnullay the effenullt of forenullnullosures and other nullosses of
honulleonullnership enullperiennulled by renullent honullebuyers during the nullnullnullnullnull
nullnullnullnullperiod. Losses of honulleonullnership by benullonullnullAMnullhousehonullds
nullay be nullonnulleanulled by honulle purnullhases by higher innullonulle renters
even though innullonulles are generanullnully denullnullining. Forenullnullosed honulleonullnnull
ers nullounulld nullinullenully innullrease the poonulls of very nullonullnullinnullonulle and enulltrenullenully
nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnullnullhinullh anulltuanullnully innullreased by a substantianullnull.null
and null.nullpernullentnullrespenulltivenullynullduring the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiod. An inullnull
portant nullause of innullonulle nullosses nullas the doubnulling of unenullpnulloynullent
during the renullessionnullfronullnull.nullpernullent nullnull.nullnullinullnullion peopnullenullin Sepnull
tenullber nullnullnullnullto null.nullpernullent unenullpnulloynullent nullnullnull.nullnullinullnullion peopnullenullin
Septenullber nullnullnullnull.
nulligher innullidennulle of nullorst nullase needs anullong unassisted very nullonullnull
innullonulle renters prinullarinully renullenullts innullreased nullonullpetition for snullarnulle
affordabnulle units. nullapid gronullth in the nunullber of very nullonullnullinnullonulle
renters both innullreases the nunullber of househonullds seenulling eanullh afnull
fordabnulle unitnulland nullhen innullonulles suddennully denullnullinenull an nullause rents
that nullere fornullernully affordabnulle to benullonulle severe burdens.
Severanull nulley statistinulls denullnstrate the greater nullonullpetition for afnull
fordabnulle units in the nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullperiodnullthe null.nullnullpernullent innullrease in
nulledian gross rent nullnullonullpared nullith onnully a null.nullnullpernullent innullrease

nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnull2. FnullnullnullORS nullnullPnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullHnullnullnullnullS nullnullRnullnullnullnullnullHOUSnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullRnullnullnullnull2nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull
nulltremely
nullnullnullcome
nullnullnullnullnullnull
nullery nullnull
nullcome
nullnullnullnullnullnull
nullnullnullcome
nullnullnullnullnullnull nullotal
nullmulative Households nullnullnullnull
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Pernullntage nullange nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullmulative nullfordable and nullvailable Housing Units nullnullnullnull
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Pernullntage nullange nullnull.null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
nullcome nullmit nullediannullnullrrent Dollarsnull
nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null
nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null
Pernullntage nullange nullnull nullnull nullnull null
nulldian Household nullcome nullll Rentersnullnullrrent Dollarsnull
nullnull null null null nullnullnullnull
nullnull null null null nullnullnullnull
Pernullntage nullange null null null nullnull
nulldian nullnthly Housing nullst nullll Rentersnullnullrrent Dollarsnull
nullnull null null null nullnull
nullnull null null null nullnull
Pernullntage nullange null null null nullnull
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data

23
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
seCtion 3. undeRstanding the tRend in WoRst Case needs
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullHnullnullnullnull nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS
nullnull nullFFORDnullnullnullnullnullnullnull OF Rnullnullnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2nullnullnull
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of
Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
null
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
null null
nullnullnull
nullnullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
null
null
nullnull
nullnull
null nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullntanullnullits nullinullionsnull
Affordabinullty nulltegory
nullernullnt of AMnullneeded to afford the highest rent in the nulltegorynull
in nulledian renter innullonullenullnulla nullnull.nullnullpernullent innullrease in gross rents of
very nullonullnullinnullonulle rentersnulland the net absorption of nullnullnullnullnullnullnullvanullant
units affordabnulle to very nullonullnullinnullonulle renters.
Anullhough the pinullure of gronullng nullrst nullse needsnull in generanull is
bnullanull there is reason to hope that nullrst nullse needs nully again denull
nulline. The nullnulloenullnonullnullfanullors that nulleated great pressures for
very nullnullinnullnull rentanullhousing are nullnullnull to ease as the rebound fronull
renullssion anullenullrates. nullverthenullssnullnullen nullre than nullpernullnt of
the nationnull househonulls enulleriennull this fornullof hardshipnullthe need
for prioritizing assisted housing in nationanullponullnull denullberations has
never been greater.

24
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
Bureau of Labor Statistinulls. nullnullnullnull. nullThe nullditornulls Desnull.nullhttpnullnullnullnullnullnull.bnulls.govnullopubnulltednullnullnullnullnullnull
onulltnullnullnullnullnullrtnullnull.htnullnullanullnullessed nullovenullber nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull.
nullnullnull. nullnullnullnull. nullThe nullditornulls Desnull.nullhttpnullnullnullnullnullnull.bnulls.govnullopubnulltednullnullnullnullnullnulltednullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull.htnull
nullanullnullessed nullovenullber nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull.
nulloint nullenter for nullousing Studies of nullarvard nullniversity. nullnullnullnull. nulltate of tnulle Nationnulls Housing:
200null. nullanullbridgenullMAnullnulloint nullenter for nullousing Studies of nullarvard nullniversity. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.
nullnullhs.harvard.edunullpubnullinullationsnullnullarnulletsnullonnullnullnullnullnullindenull.htnullnullanullnullessed nullanuary nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull.
Khaddurinull nullinullnullnull Kinullbernully Burnettnull and David nullodda. nullnullnullnull. nullargeting Housing nullrodunulltion
nullubsidies: nulliterature Revienull. Washingtonnull Dnullnull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullnull
opnullentnull fnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullpubnullinullationsnull
pdfnulltargetingnullitrevienull.pdf nullanullnullessed nullanuary nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull.
nullationanullBureau of nullnullononullinull esearnullh. nullnullnullnull. Minutes of Business nullynullnulle Dating nullonullnullittee.
httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.nber.orgnullnullynullnullesnulleptnullnullnullnull.htnullnullnullanullnullessed nullovenullber nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull.
null.S. nullensus Bureau. nullnullnullnull. Amerinullan Housing nullurvey for tnulle nullnited nulltates: 200null. Series
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull ousing and nullousehonulld nullnullononullinullStatistinulls Division. WashingtonnullDnullnull .S. nullennull
sus Bureau. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.nullensus.govnullhhesnullnullnullnullnullhousingnullhsnullhs.htnullnull.
null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullent nullnullnullDnull. nullnullnullnull. nullerformannulle and Anullnull
nullountability Reportnullnullisnullal nullear 2009 . WashingtonnullDnullnullnull.S. Departnullent of nullousing and
nullrban Devenullopnullent.
null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull fnullnulle of nullonullnullunity Pnullanning and Denull
venullopnullent nullnullnullDnullnullPDnull. nullnullnullnull. nullnulle 2009 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress.
WashingtonnullDnullnullnull.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of nullonullnullunull
nity Pnullanning and Devenullopnullent. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullportanullnullpubnullinullationsnullpovsonullnullharnullnull.
htnullnull.
null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and
nullesearnullh nullnullnullDnullPDnullnullnull. nullnullnullnulla. Codeboonullfor tnulle Amerinullan Housing nullurveynullnullublinullnullse
nullile: null99nulland nullater . WashingtonnullDnullnull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull
nullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnulldatasetsnullhsnullhsprev.
htnullnull.
nullnullnullnullRnullnullURnull
nullnullnullnullD

25
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
literature Cited
nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullb. nullrograms of Hnullnullnull200null: nullanullor nullortgagenullnullrantnull
Assistannulle and Regulatory nullrograms. WashingtonnullDnullnull .S. Departnull
nullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnull fnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnull
nullent and nullesearnullh. httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullportanullnullpubnullinullationsnull
progsnullofnullhud.htnullnull.
nullnullnull. nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullnullnullationanullAnullerinullan nullousing Survey Additions
to nullodeboonull.null httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullportanullnulldatasetsnullahsnullahsdatanullnull.
htnullnullanullnullessed nullanuary nullnullnullnullnullnullnull.
nulldditional Reading
null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully
Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh. nullnullnullnull. Housing Needs of nullersons Witnull
nullisabilities: nullupplemental nullindings to tnulle Affordable Housing Needs
200nullReport . WashingtonnullDnullnullnull.S. Departnullent of nullousing and
nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullh.
httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.orgnullpubnullinullationsnullffhsgnullffhsgneedsdis.htnullnull.

26
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

27
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing
data on Housing problems and
supply oF aFFordable Housing
table a–1a. Housing Conditions of renter Househonullds nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null
table a–1b. Housing Conditions of onullner Househonullds nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null
table a–2a. Housing Conditions of renters nullnd onullnersnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller of
Househonullds nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–2b. Housing Conditions of renters nullnd onullnersnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullPernullentnullge of
Househonullds nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–3. Housing Conditions of unnullssisted renter Househonullds nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenull
nullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–4. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong renters nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenull
nullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–5a. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters
nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–5b. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters
nullith Disnullnullinullities nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–nulla. Housing Pronullnullenulls nullnd Chnullrnullnullteristinulls of nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters
nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–nullb. Housing Pronullnullenulls nullnd Chnullrnullnullteristinulls of enulltrenullenullnull lonullnullinnullonulle renters
nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–null. Housing Pronullnullenulls nullnd Chnullrnullnullteristinulls of nullorst Cnullse renters
nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–null. Housing Pronullnullenulls nullnd Chnullrnullnullteristinulls of enulltrenullenullnull lonullnullinnullonulle
nullorst Cnullse renters nullnullHousehonulld tnullnullenullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–9. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters
nullnull rnullnulle nullnd ethninullitnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–10. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters
nullnull regionnullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullgenullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull
table a–11. innullidennulle of Housing Pronullnullenulls anullong nullernull lonullnullinnullonulle renters
nullnull metronullonullitnulln lonullnulltionnullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnullnull nunullnuller nullnd Pernullentnullge nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–12. Househonullds onullnullunullnulling unullsnull rentnullnull units nullnull affordnullnullinullitnullof rent
nullnd innullonulle of onullnullunullnullntsnullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
table a–13. renters nullnd rentnullnull units affordnullnullnulle nullnd anullnullinullnullnullnulle to thenullnullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenull
nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull
table a–14. anullernullge innullonulle nullnd anullernullge gross rent of renter Househonullds
nullnull renullnulltinulle innullonullenullnullnullnullnullnullnd nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null
nullnullPPnullnullDnullnull

28
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF RnullnullnullnullR HOUSnullHOnullDS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull
2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull
Household nullcome as Percentage
of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome
2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null
nulll
nullcomes
nullotal households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull
a
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull
a
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnullnull
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull null2 2null nullnull nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only
b
nullnull2 nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull null2 nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth no problems nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Household nullcome as Percentage
of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome
2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null
nulll
nullcomes
nullotal households nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull
a
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull
a
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnull 2null nullnull nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only
b
nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnullnull
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull

a
See tabnulle Anullnullfor housing probnullenulls enullperiennulled by unassisted renters.
b
See Tabnulle Anullnullfor estinullates of the innullidennulle of nonnullsevere probnullenulls nullithout regard to nullhether severe probnullenulls are anullso present.
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

29
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing
nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF OnullnullnullR HOUSnullHOnullDS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull
2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull
Household nullcome as Percentage
of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome
2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null
nulll
nullcomes
nullotal households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted null null null null null null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull 2null2null null2null null2 nullnullnull
nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull 2null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth no problems nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullnull
Household nullcome as Percentage
of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome
2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null
nulll
nullcomes
nullotal households nullnullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted null null null null null null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull

Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

30
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullotal households nullnullnullnull null2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullonulled housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullonulled housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Onuller households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted null null null null null null
nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullnullnullnullnull nullnull2null. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullD OnullnullnullRSnullnull nullnullnullnull2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR OF HOUSnullHOnullDS
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

31
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnull2null. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullD OnullnullnullRSnull nullnullnullnullnull2nullnullnullnullPnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull
OF HOUSnullHOnullDS
nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullotal households nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullst burden nullnull of innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Renter households nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
Assisted null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Onuller households nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
Assisted null null null null null null
nullst burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null null.null
nullst burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

32
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull nullOnullDnullnullnullOnullS OF UnullnullSSnullSnullnullD RnullnullnullnullR HOUSnullHOnullDS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull
2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull
Household nullcome as Percentage
of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome
2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null
nulll
nullcomes
nullotal unassisted households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull null22null nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnull2null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2null2null nullnull 2null nullnull nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull
nullnd rent nullFair Marnullt nullntnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull nullnull2 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnull null22null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null22null nullnullnull nullnullnull
Household nullcome as Percentage
of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome
2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null
nulll
nullcomes
nullotal unassisted households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnull2 nullnullnull 2nullnullnull
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull 2null null2 nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull
nullnd rent nullFair Marnullt nullntnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnull
nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

33
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull
2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF nullnull
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullcome nullnullnullnullHnullFnullnullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnull2 null.2null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnull2 null.null null.null

34
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull
2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF nullnull
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullcome nullnullnullnullHnullFnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullcome nullnullnullnullHnullFnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth severe problems nullnull null2 null2null null2null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull 2nullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null

35
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull
2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF nullnull
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullcome nullnullnullnull HnullFnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth severe problems 2null 2null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull null null nullnull nullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
null null nullnull nullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullcome null2null HnullFnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnull null nullnull nullnull
nully nullth severe problems nullnull nullnull 2.null 2.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull null null nullnull nullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
null null nullnull nullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull null2 null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullAMFnullnullnullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle.
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

36
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD
nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullderly nullthout children nullnullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
Families nullth children nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems 2nullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only 2nullnull 2nullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null

37
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD
nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
Other families nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing null null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing null null nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnull 2null 2nullnull null.null
Other nonfamily nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems 2nullnull 2nullnull null.2null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnull 2nullnull null.null
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

38
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullnullH
DnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull
nullderly nullthout children nullnullnullnull null nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null nullnull
Assisted null null.null
nully nullth severe problems null null.2null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null null.2null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing null null.null
nullonulled housing null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull null null.null
nully nullth no problems null null.null
Families nullth children nullnullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null nullnull
Assisted nullnull null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnull null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnull null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing null nullnull
nullonulled housing null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnull null.null

39
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullnullH
DnullSnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull
Other families nullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null nullnull
Assisted nullnull null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnull null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnull null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing null nullnull
nullonulled housing null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull null null.null
nully nullth no problems null 2nullnull
Other nonfamily nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnull null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null nullnull
Assisted nullnull null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnull null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnull null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnull null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing null nullnull
nullonulled housing null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull null.null
nully nullth no problems 2null 22.null
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

40
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS
nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnull OF 2null
nullotal
nullderlynull
null nullildren
Families
nullth
nullildren
Other
Families
Other
nullnfamily
Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullnuller of nullinullren nullnullnull null nullnullnull null null
nullnuller of peopnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullinullrennullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Peopnullnullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnull 2nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull null nullnull null null
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nully nullth no problems null2null nullnull nullnullnull 2null nullnull

41
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS
nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2 OF 2null
nullotal
nullderlynull
null nullildren
Families
nullth
nullildren
Other
Families
Other
nullnfamily
Other nullaracteristics
nulle person in househonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null nullnullnull
nullsbandnullife fanullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull null
Fenullnull head nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Minority head nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
AFDnullSonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
SonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnullof poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullgh snulloonullgraduate nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Tnullnullyears post high snulloonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullrnings at nullninullnullnullgenull
At nullast hanull tinull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
At nullast funull tinull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullrnings nullin sournull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullusing rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullusing rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullighborhood rated poor nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullighborhood rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullntranullnullties nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Suburbs nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Midnullst nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
South nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
West nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
AFDnullnullAid to Fanullinullies nullith Dependent nullhinulldren.
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

42
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS
nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnull OF 2null
nullotal
nullderlynull
null nullildren
Families
nullth
nullildren
Other
Families
Other
nullnfamily
Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnull2 nullnull nullnullnull
nullnuller of nullinullren nullnullnull null nullnullnull null null
nullnuller of peopnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullinullrennullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Peopnullnullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull2 nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull null nullnull null null
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nully nullth no problems nullnull2 nullnull nullnull null nullnull

43
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS
nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2 OF 2null
nullotal
nullderlynull
null nullildren
Families
nullth
nullildren
Other
Families
Other
nullnfamily
Other nullaracteristics
nulle person in househonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null nullnullnull
nullsbandnullife fanullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null
Fenullnull head nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Minority head nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
AFDnullSonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
SonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnullof poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullgh snulloonullgraduate nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Tnullnullyears post high snulloonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullrnings at nullninullnullnullgenull
At nullast hanull tinull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
At nullast funull tinull nullnullnull null nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullrnings nullin sournull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullusing rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullusing rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullighborhood rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullighborhood rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullntranullnullties nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Suburbs nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Midnullst nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
South nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
West nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
AFDnullnullAid to Fanullinullies nullith Dependent nullhinulldren.
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

44
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD
nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnull OF 2null
nullotal
nullderlynull
null nullildren
Families
nullth
nullildren
Other
Families
Other
nullnfamily
Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnull 2nullnull
nullnuller of nullinullren nullnullnull null nullnullnull null null
nullnuller of peopnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullinullrennullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Peopnullnullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null null null null null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null null null null null
Assisted null null null null null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null null null null null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null null null null null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing null null null null null
nullonulled housing null null null null null
nullnt burden onnull null null null null null
nully nullth no problems null null null null null

45
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD
nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2 OF 2null
nullotal
nullderlynull
null nullildren
Families
nullth
nullildren
Other
Families
Other
nullnfamily
Other nullaracteristics
nulle person in househonull nullnullnull nullnullnull null null nullnullnull
nullsbandnullife fanullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null
Fenullnull head nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Minority head nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
AFDnullSonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
SonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnullof poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullgh snulloonullgraduate nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Tnullnullyears post high snulloonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullrnings at nullninullnullnullgenull
At nullast hanull tinull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
At nullast funull tinull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
nullrnings nullin sournull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullusing rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullusing rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullighborhood rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullighborhood rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullntranullnullties nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Suburbs nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
Midnullst nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
South nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
West nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
AFDnullnullAid to Fanullinullies nullith Dependent nullhinulldren.
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

46
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull
RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnullnull OF 2null
nullotal
nullderlynull
null nullildren
Families
nullth
nullildren
Other
Families
Other
nullnfamily
Renter households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnuller of nullinullren nullnullnull null nullnullnull null null
nullnuller of peopnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullinullrennullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Peopnullnullousehonull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull null null null null null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull null null null null null
Assisted null null null null null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null null null nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null null null null null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull null null null null null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing null null null null null
nullonulled housing null null null null null
nullnt burden onnull null null null null null
nully nullth no problems null null null null null

47
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullD nullHnullRnullnullnullnullRnullSnullnullnullS OF nullnullnullRnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull nullORSnull nullnullSnull
RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull HOUSnullHOnullD nullnullPnullnull2 nullnullnullnull2 OF 2null
nullotal
nullderlynull
null nullildren
Families
nullth
nullildren
Other
Families
Other
nullnfamily
Other nullaracteristics
nulle person in househonull nullnullnull nullnull null null nullnullnull
nullsbandnullife fanullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnull null
Fenullnull head nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
Minority head nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
AFDnullSonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
SonullanullSenullrity innullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnullof poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullnullnull benullnullnullnull of poverty threshonull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullgh snulloonullgraduate nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Tnullnullyears post high snulloonull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullrnings at nullninullnullnullgenull
At nullast hanull tinull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
At nullast funull tinull nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullrnings nullin sournull of innullnull nullnullnull null nullnullnull nullnull nullnull
nullusing rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullusing rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullighborhood rated poor nullnull null nullnull null nullnull
nullighborhood rated goodnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullntranullnullties nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Suburbs nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
Midnullst nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
South nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
West nullnullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull
AFDnullnullAid to Fanullinullies nullith Dependent nullhinulldren.
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

48
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnull nullnullD
nullnullHnullnullnullnullnullnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullnnullispanic nullite nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only 2nullnull 2nullnull null.null 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2null2null 2null2null
nullnnullispanic nullacnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null2null nullnull2 null.null 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnull null2 2nullnull null.null

49
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull Rnullnullnull nullnullD
nullnullHnullnullnullnullnullnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
Hispanic nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Assisted nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null2null nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

50
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull RnullnullnullOnullnull
2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullrtheast nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems null2 nullnull 22.null 2nullnull
nulldnullst nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing null nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.2null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnull null2 2nullnull 2nullnull

51
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS nullnull RnullnullnullOnullnull
2nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
South nullnullnullnull nullnull2 nullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems 2null2null nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullest nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Assisted nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull 2nullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only null2null null2null null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

52
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS
nullnull nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullntral cities nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null nullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnullnull null2null null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only 2null2null 2nullnull null.null 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Suburbs nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems 2nullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.2null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull nullnullnull 2null2null null.null

53
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullnull OF HOUSnullnullnull PROnullnullnullnullS nullnullOnullnull nullnullRnull nullOnullnullnullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRS
nullnull nullnullnullROPOnullnullnullnullnull nullOnullnullnullnullOnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnullnullnullUnullnullnullR nullnullD PnullRnullnullnullnullnullnullnull null2 OF 2null
nullmber Percentage
2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull
nullnmetropolitan nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnull2 nullnull null.null 2nullnull
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing null null nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnull nullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnull null2 2nullnull 2nullnull
U.S. total nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth severe probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth nonnullevere probnullnull onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth severe problems nullnull2 nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnull of innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Severenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull
a
nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth nonnullevere problems only nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnt burden nullnullnullnullof innullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Moderatenull inadenullate housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullonulled housing nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullnt burden onnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nully nullth no problems nullnullnull null2null 2nullnull null.2null
a
The estinullates for nullrent burden onnullynullenullnullnullude househonullds nullith any nonnullsevere probnullenulls.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

54
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull2. HOUSnullHOnullDS OnullnullUPnullnullnullnull U.S. Rnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS nullnull nullFFORDnullnullnullnullnullnullnull OF Rnullnullnull nullnullD
nullnullnullOnullnull OF OnullnullUPnullnullnullSnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull
Relative nullcome of
Households
Occupied and nullacant Rental Units nullnullnullnullby Unit null fordability nulltegory
nullercent of HnullFnullneeded to afford the highest rent in the categorynull
2nullnull nullnull 2null null null null null null null null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullotal
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull
null≤nullnullnullMFnull
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null null nullnull nullnullnull
Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullotal null2null 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 null2 null2 2nullnull nullnullnull
Vanullnt units for rent null null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Relative nullcome of
Households
Occupied and nullacant Rental Units nullnullnullnullby Unit null fordability nulltegory
nullercent of HnullFnullneeded to afford the highest rent in the categorynull
2nullnull null
null
2null null null null null null null null nullnull nullnull nullnull nullotal
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull
null≤nullnullnullMFnull
nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnull nullnullnull
Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null null nullnull nullnullnull
Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullotal nullnullnull 2nullnull 2nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null2 null2 2nullnull nullnullnull
Vanullnt units for rent nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullAMFnullnullnullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle.
nullThe nullnullpernullent of nullAMFnullnullategory innullnulludes units onullnullupied nullith no nullash rent.
Sourcenull .S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

55
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix a. Data on Housing Problems anD suPPly of afforDable Housing
nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. RnullnullnullnullRS nullnullD Rnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS nullFFORDnullnullnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullO nullHnullnull nullnull Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull
nullnullnullnullnull2nullnullnull
nullnull 2nullnull
c
2nullnull 2nullnull
d
2nullnull 2nullnull
Renter Households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull null≤nullnullnullMFnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullfordable Units
a
nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2null nullnullnull nullnullnull
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull null≤nullnullnullMFnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullfordable and nullvailable Units
b
nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2null nullnullnull nullnullnull
nulltrenullnull nullnullinnullnull null≤nullnullnullMFnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Very nullnullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Lonullinnullnull nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Middnull innullnull or higher nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullAMFnullnullnullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle.
a
Affordabnulle units are rentanullunits nullnullhether vanullant or onullnullupiednullthat rent for no nullore than nullnullpernullent of spenullinulled innullonulle nullevenulls nullrenullative to the
nullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonullenull.
b
Affordabnulle and avainullabnulle units are rentanullunits that are affordabnulle as desnullribed in footnote a and that anullso are either nullurrentnully avainullabnulle for rent or
are anullready onullnullupied by a househonulld nullith the spenullinulled innullonulle nullevenull.
null
nullstinullates for nullnullnullare based on nullnullnullnullnullensus nulleights rather than the nullnullnullnullensus nulleights used enullsenullhere in this report.
d
The estinullates of units for nullnullnullnullere erroneous as originanullnully pubnullished but are nullorrenullted in this version.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

56
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull. nullnullnullRnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnull nullnullD nullnullnullRnullnullnull nullROSS Rnullnullnull OF RnullnullnullnullR HOUSnullHOnullDS nullnull
Rnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullOnullnullnull2 nullnullnull nullnullD 2nullnullnull
Household nullcome as Percentage
of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome
2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null
nulll
nullcomes
nullotal households nullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2 nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull null nullnullnull
nullverage monthly income nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullverage gross rent nullnull nullnull nullnull null2null nullnullnull null2null
nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull
Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull
Household nullcome as Percentage
of HUDnulldnullsted nullea nulldian Family nullcome
2nullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull nullnullnullnull null2null
nulll
nullcomes
nullotal households nullnullnullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull
nullverage monthly income nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull2null
nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
Assisted nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull
nullverage gross rent nullnull nullnull nullnull null2null nullnullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth priority probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth other probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnull
nullassisted nullth no probnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Assisted nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data

57
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix b. suPPlemental enullHibits
nullnullPPnullnullDnullnull
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. nullnullRDnullS nullnullnull nullnullnullnull OF nullORSnull nullnullSnull HOUSnullnullnull
nullnullnullDS nullnull 2nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullOnullSnull
null2null
nullnull
null2null
nullnull
nullnull
2.null
Worst Case nulleds
nullnull
nullher Renters
nullnullnull
nullassisted
nullery nullnullnullcome
Renters nullnullnull
Renters With
Severely nulladenullate Housing
nullnull
Renters With
Severe Rent nullrden
nullnull
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully
Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey data
supplemental exHibits

58
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

FMnullnullFair Marnullet nullent.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing
Survey data
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnullnull. Rnullnullnullnullnull SnullOnullnull OF nullnullnullOnullnullFnullR UnullnullnullSnull2 nullnullnull
Renters nullnullnullnull Housing Units nullnullnullnull Housing Units per nullnullRenters
nullfordable
nullfordable
and
nullvailable
nullfordablenull
nullvailablenull
and
nullenullate nullfordable
nullfordable
and
nullvailable
nullfordablenull
nullvailablenull
and
nullenullate
nulll 2nullnullnull 2nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null2.2 null.null null.null
nullrtheast nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Midnullst nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
South nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
West nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullties nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
Suburbs nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnnulltroponulltan areas nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnull null.null null.null
nullnullHnullnullnullnull nullnull2. nullFFORDnullnullnullnull Rnullnullnullnullnull UnullnullnullS FRnullnullUnullnullnullnullnull nullRnull OnullnullUPnullnullD nullnull HnullnullHnullR nullnullnullOnullnull RnullnullnullnullRSnull2 nullnullnull
AMnullnullArea Median nullnnullonulle.
Sourcenull null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullentnullnullfnullnulle of Ponullinully Devenullopnullent and nullesearnullhnulltabunullations of Anullerinullan nullousing Survey
data
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null null
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
nullnull
null nullnull nullnull nullnullnull nullnull nullnull nullnull
nullntanullnullits nullinullionsnull
nullit Affordabinullty nullernullnt of AMnullneeded to afford the highest rent in the nulltegorynull
nullnters nullth innullnulls nullnull AMnull
nullnters nullth innullnulls nullnullnullnullAMnull
nullnters nullth innullnulls nullnullnullnullAMnull
nullnters nullth innullnulls nullnullnullnullAMnull
Vanullnt units for rent

59
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix C. Federal Housing assistanCe and aFFordable Housing programs
nullnullPPnullnullDnullnull
Federal Housing assistanCe and
aFFordable Housing programs
The null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and nullrban Devenullopnullent nullnullnullDnullprovides rentanullhousing
assistannulle through three nulley progranullsnull
null Public housing. Provides affordabnull housing to nullnullnullnullion fanullnulles through units
onulled and nullnaged by nullnullnullpubnullnullhousing agennulles nullnullsnull Fanullnulles are renullired
to pay null pernullnt of their innullnull for rent.
null Pronullctnullased assisted housing. Provides assistannull to nullnullnullnullion fanullnulles nullving in
privatenull onulled rentanullhousing. The assistannull is attanulled to the unitsnullnullinull are renull
served for nullnullinnullnull fanullnulles that are renullired to pay null pernullnt of their innullnull for rent.
null nullenantnullased rental assistance. The Senullion nullvounuller progranullsuppnullnullnts
rent paynullnts of nullre than nullnullnullnullion fanullnulles in the private rentanullnullrnullt. The
progranullis adnullnistered through state and nullnullnullhousing agennulles. Anullhough null pernull
nullnt of innullnull is the rent basenullnenullfanullnulles often pay nullre and use these portabnull
subsidies to nullnullte housing of their nulloinull.
A nunullber of other federanullhousing progranulls produnulle affordabnulle housingnulltypinullanullnully nullith
shanullnullonuller subsidies. Anullthough these units are often nullore affordabnulle than nullarnulletnullrate
unitsnull ithout additionanullrent subsidies nullsunullh as vounullhersnullnullenulltrenullenully nullonullnullinnullonulle fanullinullies
nullounulld often have to pay nullenullnull ore than nullnullpernullent of their innullonulle under these progranullsnull
null nullnullnullcome Housing nullanullnulledit Program. Tanullnulledits offered to investors by the
Treasury Departnullnt subsidize the nullpitanullnullsts of units that have rents affordabnull to
househonulls nullth innullnulls at or benullnullnull pernullnt of the Area Median nullnullnull nullMnull.
null HOnull nullvestment Partnership. Provides annuanullfornullnull grants to state and nullnull
nullnullgovernnullnts that nulln be used to assist honullonullersnullnullstnullinull honullbuyersnullor
renters. To nullanullfynullrents nullst be affordabnull to househonulls nullth innullnulls at or benullnull
null pernullnt of AMnullor nullst be benullnullnullnullnullFair Marnullt nullntsnullnullinullever is nullss.
null Housing Opportunities for Persons nullth nullDS. Annuanullfornullnull and nullnulletitive
grants are avainullbnull to state and nullnullnullgovernnullnts and nonpronull organizations for
rentanullassistannull targeted to a spenullanullneeds popunulltion.
null Older rental subsidy programs. Progranull nanulld for senullions of the nulltionanull
nullusing Anullnullprinullrinull the Senullion nullnulldnullnull BenullnullMarnullt nullterest nullte Progranull
and the Senullion nullnullMortgage Assistannull Progranull nullre anullive fronullthe earnull
nullnulls through the earnull nullnulls. They nullre designed to produnull housing affordabnull
for fanullnulles nullth innullnulls above the pubnullnullhousing innullnull nullnullts.
For further detainullon nullnullD progranullrenulluirenullentsnullsee nullnullDnullPDnullnullnullnullnullnullnullbnull.

60
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
DnullPPnullnullDnullnull
prenullious reports to Congress on
Worst Case needs
null nulliority nulloblems and nullWorst Casenull Needs in nullnull nullune nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullPDnull.
null nulle nullnulltion of Worst Case Needs in tnull nullte nullnulls nullenullnuller nullnullnullnullDnullnullnull
PDnull.
null Worst Case Needs for Housing Assistannull in tnull nullited nullates in null90 and null9null
nullune nullnullnullnullDnullnullnullPDnull.
null Rental Housing Assistannull at a Crossroads: A Report to Congress on Worst Case
Housing Needs nullarnull nullnullnull
null Rental Housing Assistannull—nulle Crisis Continues nullprinullnullnullnull
null Rental Housing Assistannull—nulle Worsening Crisis: A Report to Congress on Worst
Case Housing Needs nullarnull nullnullnull
null A Report on Worst Case Housing Needs in null99: Nenullnullportunity Amid Continuing
Cnullllengesnullnullenulltive nullmmary nullanuary nullnullnull
null nullrends in Worst Case Needs for Housingnullnullnullnullnull99 nullenullnuller nullnullnull
null Affordable Housing Needs: A Report to Congress on tnulle nulligninullnullant Need for Housing
nullenullnuller nullnullnull
null Affordable Housing Needs 200null Report to Congress nullay nullnullnull
null Housing Needs of nullrsons Witnullnullsabilities: nullpplemental nullndings to tnull Affordable
Housing Needs 200nullReport nullebruary nullnullnull
null Worst Case Housing Needs 200null A Report to Congress nullay nullnullnull
These pubnullinullations are avainullabnulle on nulline at httpnullnullnullnullnullnull.huduser.org.

61
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix e. Data anD metHoDology
nullnullPPnullnullDnullnull
data and metHodology
Using the nullmerican Housing Survey Data
This report uses data fronullthe nullatest avainullabnulle Anullerinullan nullousing Survey nullAnullSnullin nullnullnullnull.
The AnullS is sponsored by the null.S. Departnullent of nullousing and Devenullopnullent nullnullnullDnullnull
nullondunullted by the null.S. nullensus Bureaunulland is the onnully detainulled periodinullnationanullhousnull
ing survey in the nullnited States. nullt provides nationanullnully representative data on a nullide
range of housing subnullenulltsnullinnullnulluding apartnullentsnullsingnullenullfanullinully honullesnull obinulle honullesnull
vanullant honullesnullfanullinully nullonullpositionnullinnullonullenullhousing and neighborhood nulluanullitynullhousnull
ing nullostsnullenulluipnullentnullfuenulltypenullsize of housing unitsnulland renullent nulloves. nullationanulldata
are nullonullnullenullted every nullyears fronulla sanullpnulle of about nullnullnullnullnullnullhousing units. The surveynull
nullhinullh started in nullnullnullnullnullhas sanullpnulled the sanulle housing units sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullit anullso sanullpnulles
nenullnully nullonstrunullted units to ensure both nullontinuity and tinullenulliness of the data. nullnfornull
nullation fronullthe nullorst nullase needs reports has henullped infornullpubnullinullponullinully denullisionsnull
innullnulluding denullisions on targeting enullisting resournullesnulldeternullining the need for additionanull
resournullesnulland the fornullhousing assistannulle shounulld tanulle.
To anullnulluratenully estinullate nullorst nullase needs for federanullrentanullassistannulle fronullAnullS datanull
nulle nullust deternulline nullhether househonulld innullonulles fanullnullbenullonullnullnullDnulls ofnullnullianullvery nullonullnull
innullonulle nullinullits nullnullnullpernullent of nullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle nullnullAMFnullnullternulled
AMnullin this reportnullnullnullnullhether a househonulld anullready renulleives housing assistannullenulland
nullhether an unassisted innullonullenullenulligibnulle househonulld has one or nullore of the priority probnull
nullenulls that fornullernully nullonferred preferennulle in tenant senullenulltion for assistannulle nullrent burdens
enullnulleeding nullnullpernullent of innullonullenullsubstandard housingnullor invonulluntary dispnullanullenullentnull.
nulleighting. Benullause the AnullS is based on a sanullpnulle of housing units rather than a
nullensus of anullnullhousing unitsnullestinullates based on the data nullust be nullnulleighted upnullso that
totanulls for eanullh year nullatnullh independent estinullates of the totanullhousing stonullnulland better
represent the funullnullhousing stonullnull. The nullensus Bureau nulleights up responses to anullnullount
for undernulloverage of househonullds nullabout null.nullpernullentnulland househonulld nonresponse
nullabout nullnullpernullentnull. The nulleights for nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullAnullS data used in this report are based
on the nullnullnullnullnullensus of nullousingnullnullith adnullustnullents for estinullated nullhange sinnulle then.
nullnullclusions. nullousehonullds reporting innullonulles that are zero or negative are enullnullnulluded
fronullestinullates of nullorst nullase needsnullanullthough they are innullnulluded in nullounts of totanull
househonullds. nullf sunullh househonullds pay rents greater than the Fair Marnullet nullent nullhinulle renull
porting zero or negative innullonullesnullthen their innullonulle situation is presunulled tenullporarynull
and so they are innullnulluded and higher innullonulles are inullputed to thenull.

62
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
Household and Family nullypes
nullousehonullds and fanullinulliesnullnulln this reportnull the ternulls nullfanullinullynull and
nullhousehonulldnullare not internullhangeabnulle ternulls. Anullthough anullnullfanullinullies are
househonulldsnullnot anullnullhousehonullds are fanullinullies. nullnullousehonulldnulltypes innull
nullnullude househonullds nullith renullativesnullhousehonullds nullith nullhinulldrennullenulldernully
singnulle peopnulle age nullnullor onulldernulland singnulle peopnulle nullith disabinullities.
nullFanullinulliesnullrefers onnully to a subset of househonullds in nullhinullh one or nullore
peopnulle are renullated to another househonulld nullenullber by birthnull arriagenull
or adoption.
Families nullith children. nullousehonullds nullith a nullhinulld under age nullnull
present. They are presunulled to nulleet the denullnition of a fanullinully through
renullation by birth or adoption nullinnullnulluding grandparents as parentsnull.
nulllderly households. nullousehonulld in nullhinullh at nulleast one househonullder
or spouse is age nullnullor onulldernulland no nullhinulldren are present.
Other families. nullousehonullds nullith a nonenulldernully househonullder and no
nullhinulldren in nullhinullh either one or nullore peopnulle is renullated to the housenull
honullder by birthnullnullarriagenullor adoptionnullor one or nullore subfanullinullies
reside there that have nullenullbers renullated to eanullh other by birthnull arnull
riagenullor adoption.
Other nonfamilies. nullousehonullds nullith a singnulle nonenulldernully person nullivnull
ing anullone or onnully nullith nonrenullatives. The nullother nonfanullinullynullsubgroup
appearing in tabnulle Anullnulla and others anullnullounts for a signinullnullant propornull
tionnullnullnullpernullentnullof househonullds nullith nullorst nullase needsnulleven after
enullnullnulluding those nullith disabinullities. Most of these househonullds are singnulle
peopnulle nulliving anullonenullrather than unrenullated peopnulle sharing housing.
Disabilities. Before nullnullnullnullnullthe AnullS nullontained no direnullt nulluestions
that nullounulld asnullertain nullhether individuanulls suffered fronulldisabinullities.
Worst nullase needs reports for nullnullnullnull and earnullier years identinulled
househonullds nullontaining peopnulle nullith disabinullities using various fornulls
of innullonullenullbased pronullies. Disabnulled househonullds nullere nullnullnullnot fanullinull
nullies nullith nullhinulldrennullnullnullnullnot enulldernully househonulldsnulland nullnullnullrenulleiving sonulle
fornullof innullonulle or governnullent assistannulle that indinullates that an adunullt
nullith disabinullities is present in the househonulld. Beginning nullith the nullnullnullnull
AnullSnulldirenullt nulluestions about inullpairnullents and difnullnullunullties nullith anulltivinull
ties of dainully nulliving are asnulled about eanullh househonulld nullenullbernullinnullnulluding
nullhinulldren. This nullorst nullase needs reportnullthereforenulladdresses disnull
abinullity on the basis of peopnulle identinulled nullith these probnullenulls. nullnulldernully
peopnulle nullith disabinullities are not nullounted benullause of the prevanullennulle
of disabinullities assonulliated nullith aging. A forthnullonulling suppnullenullentanull
report nullinullnull fonullus on nenull data about peopnulle nullith disabinullities and
nullorst nullase needs anullong househonullds nullontaining these individuanulls.
Housing nullssistance Status
nulln nullnullnullnullnullthe AnullS nulluestions intended to identify househonullds renulleivnull
ing rentanullassistannulle nullere nullhanged in both nullontent and order fronull
those used previousnully. After nullarefunullrevienullnullnullnullD and the nullensus
Bureau adopted the fonullnullonulling pronulledure to identify assisted units in
a nullay that produnulles resunullts that are nullore nullonullparabnulle to prenullnullnullnullnull
data. These nulluestions nullere further renullned in nullnullnullnullas a resunullt of adnull
ditionanullnullognitive researnullh.
null Deternullne nullether the househonull nullst renullrtify in order to
deternullne the rent it pays.
null Deternullne nullether the rent is nullnullr benulluse of a federanull statenull
or nullnullnullgovernnullnt housing progranull
null Deternullne nullether the househonull has a housing vounullernullandnull
if sonullnullether the vounuller nulln be used to nullve to another
nullnulltion.
null Deternullne nullether the housing authority is the househonullnulls
nullndnullrd.
null Deternullne nullether the househonull nulls assigned to its housing
unit or nullether they nullre anullonulld to nulloose it thenullenulles.
Housing Problems
nullent or nullost burdennullA ratio betnulleen housing nullosts nullinnullnulluding
utinullitiesnulland househonulld innullonulle that enullnulleeds nullnullpernullentnullnullhinullh is
a nullonventionanullstandard for housing affordabinullity. To the enulltent that
respondents underreport totanullinnullonullenullthe AnullS estinullates nullay overnull
nullount the nunullber of househonullds nullith nullost burden. A nullseverenullnullost
burden enullnulleeds nullnullpernullent of reported innullonulle. A nullnulloderatenull ost
burden enullnulleeds nullnullpernullent but is nulless than or enulluanullto nullnullpernullent
of reported innullonulle. nullnnully severe nullost burdens nulluanullify as potentianull
nullorst nullase needs. nullousehonullds reporting zero or negative innullonulle
are denullned as having no nullost burden.
nullnadenulluate housingnullnullousing nullith severe or nulloderate physinullanull
probnullenullsnullas denullned in the AnullS sinnulle nullnullnullnulland nullodinulled fronulltinulle
to tinulle in order to renullenullt nullhanges in the survey. Severe inadenulluanull
nullies nullonstitute potentianull orst nullase needs but nulloderate inadenulluanull
nullies do not. The nullnullnullnullAnullS enullinullinated the nulluestions about hanullnullnullays
nullnullonullnullon stairnullays and nullight nullnullturesnullin nullunulltiunit strunulltures in the
senulltion on senullenullted physinullanullprobnullenulls. This affenullts the nullnullassinullnullation
of units having severe or nulloderate physinullanullprobnullenulls. Brienullynulla unit
is denullned as having severe physinullanullinadenulluanullies if it has any one of
the fonullnullonulling four probnullenullsnull
null Plumbing. Lanulling piped hot nullter or a nullsh toinullt or nullnulling
both bathtub and shonullrnullanull for the enullnullsive use of the unit.
null Heating. nullving been unnullnullortabnull nullnull nullst nullnter for null
hours or nullrenullor nulltinulls for at nullast nullhours eanullnullbenulluse of
bronullnnullonull heating enullipnullnt.
null nullectrical. nullving no enullnullrinullty or having anull of the fonullonullng three
enullnullrinullnullprobnullnullnullenullosed nullringnulla roonullnullth no nullrnullng
nullnull outnulltnull and three or nullre bnullnull fuses or tripped nullrnullit
breanullrs in the nullst null days.

63
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix e. Data anD metHoDology
null Upnullep. nullving any nulle of the fonullonullng sinullnullintenannull probnull
nullnullnullnullanull fronulloutdoorsnullnullanull fronullindoorsnullhonulls in the nullornull
honulls or open nullanulls in the nullnulls or nullinullngsnullnullre than a snullare
foot of peenullng paint or pnullsternullor rats in the nullst null days.
A unit has nulloderate inadenulluanullies if it has any of the fonullnullonulling four
probnullenullsnullbut none of the above severe probnullenullsnull
null Plumbing. nullving anull toinullts breanulldonull sinullnullaneousnull at nullast
nulltinulls in the nullst nullnullnths for at nullast nullhours eanull tinull.
null Heating. nullving unvented gasnulloinull or nullrosene heaters as the
nullin sournull of heat nullenulluse these heaters nully produnull unsafe
funulls and unheanullhy nullvenull of nullisturenull
null Upnullep. nullving any three of the sinullupnullep probnullnull nullnnull
tioned under severe inadenullanulles.
null nullitchen. Lanulling a sinnull rangenullor refrigerator for the enullnullsive
use of the unit.
Overcronullding. The nullondition of having nullore than one person per
roonullin a residennulle. nullvernullronullding is nullounted as a nulloderate probnull
nullenullrather than a severe probnullenullthat nullonstitutes a potentianullnullorst
nullase need.
nullPrioritynullproblems. Probnullenulls nulluanullifying for federanullpreferennulle in
adnullission to assisted housing progranulls betnulleen nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnullnull
paying nullore than onenullhanullf of innullonulle for rent nullsevere rent burdennullnull
nulliving in severenully substandard housing nullinnullnulluding being honullenulless or
in a honullenulless shenullternullnullor being invonulluntarinully dispnullanulled. These probnull
nullenulls infornulled the originanulldenullnition of nullorst nullase needs. Benullause
the AnullS sanullpnulle tranullnulls housing units and thus nullannot nullount the
honullenullessnullAnullS estinullates of priority probnullenulls are nullinullited to the tnullo
severe probnullenulls desnullribed abovenullsevere rent burdens greater than
nullnullpernullent of innullonulle or severe physinullanullprobnullenulls. nulln anullnullord nullith
the intention to estinullate the nunullber of unassisted very nullonullnullinnullonulle
renters nullith priority probnullenullsnulla nunullber of tabnulles in appendinullA
nullnullassify househonullds nullith a nullonullbination of nulloderate probnullenulls and
severe probnullenulls as having severe probnullenulls.
nullncome nulleasurement
nullncome sources. nullnnullonulle nulleans gross innullonulle reported by AnullS
respondents for the nullnullnullonths prenulleding the intervienull. The nullnullnullnull
AnullS innullonulle nulluestions nullere very sinullinullar to those used in nullnullnullnull. The
onnully nullhange nullas that the nullonullbined interestnulldividendnullrentanullinnullonulle
nulluestion nullas spnullit into separate nulluestions. The nullother innullonullenullnulluesnull
tion nullas anullso nullodinulled to no nullonger innullnullude nullhinulld support or anullinullony.
For eanullh person in the fanullinullynullthe AnullS nulluestionnaire nullonullnullenullts the
anullounts of nullnulldifferent types of innullonulle. nullnnullonulle innullnulludes anullounts
reported for nullage and sanullary innullonullenullnet senullfnullenullpnulloynullent innullonullenull
SonullianullSenullurity or rainullroad retirenullent innullonullenullpubnullinullassistannulle or
nullenullfare paynullentsnulland anullnullother nulloney innullonullenullbefore dedunulltions
for tanulles or any other purpose. nullnullputed innullonulle fronullenulluity is not
innullnulluded as innullonulle in this report. Fonullnullonulling nullnullD runulles for deternullinnull
ing innullonulle enulligibinullity for nullnullD progranullsnullthe earnings of teenagers
aged nullnullyears or younger are not nullounted as innullonulle for this report.
Supplemental and innullnullind income sources. Poorer renters nullith
high rent burdens are asnulled severanullnenullnulluestions about nullhether
peopnulle outside the househonulld nullontributed to househonulld enullpenses
sunullh as rentnullfoodnulland nullhinulld nullare. The suppnullenullentanull uestions are
asnulled of assisted renters nullho paid nullore than nullnullpernullent of their
reported innullonulle for rentnulland of unassisted renters nullith househonulld
innullonulle benullonullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullho paid nullore than nullnullpernullent of their innull
nullonulle for rent. nullThese nulluestions nullere not asnulled in the nullnullnullnullAnullS
benullause the nullodunulle nullounulld not be transnullated to the nullensus Bureaunulls
nenullnullonullputer nullanguage nullBnullaisenullin tinulle.null
Family income. nulleported innullonulle fronullanullnullsournulles for the housenull
honullder nullthe nullrst househonulld nullenullber nullnullyears or onullder nullho is nullisted as
an onullner or renter of the housing unitnulland other househonulld nullenullnull
bers renullated to the househonullder.
Household income. nulleported innullonulle fronull anullnull sournulles for anullnull
househonulld nullenullbers nullnullyears or onullder.
nullncome nullategories
nullnullDnulladnullusted area nulledian fanullinully innullonulle and ofnullnullianullinnullonulle nullinullnull
itsnullnullnullD is renulluired by nullanull to set innullonulle nullinullits eanullh year that
deternulline the enulligibinullity of appnullinullants for assisted housing progranulls.
nulln nullnullnullnullnullnullongress denullned nullnullonullinnullonullenulland nullvery nullonullinnullonullenullfor
nullnullD rentanullprogranulls as innullonulles not enullnulleeding nullnulland nullnullpernullentnull
respenulltivenullynullof the area nulledian fanullinully innullonullenullas adnullusted by nullnullD.
nullAMFnullis nullore nullonullnullonnully referred to as the Area Median nullnnullonulle
nullAMnullnullnullanullthough the nullatter ternullnullay be subnullenullt to nullisinterpretation.
nullt shounulld be noted that innullonulle nullinullits are based on nulledian fanullinully
innullonullenullnot nulledian househonulld innullonulle. nullanullh base innullonulle nullutoff
is assunulled to appnully to a househonulld of four peopnullenulland ofnullnullianullinnull
nullonulle nullinullits are further adnullusted by househonulld sizenullone personnullnullnull
pernullent of basenulltnullo peopnullenull nullpernullentnullthree peopnullenull nullpernullentnull
nullve peopnullenullnullnullnullpernullentnullsinullpeopnullenullnullnullnullpernullentnulland so on. nullanullh
househonulld is assigned to an innullonulle nullategory using the innullonulle nullinullit
appropriate to its area and the nunullber of househonulld nullenullbers.
nullnnullonulle nullutoffs in assonulliation nullith AnullS geographynullTo nullategorize
househonullds in renullation to nullnullonullanullnullinnullonulle nullinullits as anullnulluratenully as posnull
sibnulle nullithin the nullinullitations of the geography given on the AnullS pubnull
nullinulluse nullnullesnullnullnullD nullonullpares househonulld innullonulles nullith area innullonulle
nullinullits. Very nullonullnulland nullonullnullinnullonulle nullutoffs for a househonulld of four are
denullned for eanullh unit of geography identinulled in the AnullS nationanull inull
nullrodata nullnulles. For housing units outside these nulletroponullitan areasnullthe
AnullS geography identinulles onnully four regionsnull etroponullitan statusnulland
sinull nullinullate zones. nullnullD estinullated average innullonulle nullinullits for eanullh of
these nullnullnullonullations.

64
Worst Case Housing needs 2009: RepoRt to CongRess
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research
Benullause devenulloping estinullates of ofnullnullianullinnullonulle nullinullits for the geognull
raphy identinulled on the AnullS nullinullrodata nullas tinulle nullonsunullingnullnullnullD
prepared innullonulle nullinullits to use nullith AnullS geography onnully for nullyearsnull
nullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnulland nullnullnullnull. Beginning nullith the nullnullnullnullAnullSnullinnullonulle nullutoffs
have been based on nullnullDnulls ofnullnullianullinnullonulle nullinullits for those yearsnull
nulleighted by AnullS nulleights. The nullensus Bureau added these nullutoffs
to the AnullS pubnullinulluse nullnulle.
nullategorizing househonullds by innullonullenullFor this reportnull hen housenull
honullds are nullategorized using the very nullonullnulland nullonullnullinnullonulle nullutoffsnull
the nullutoffs are adnullusted for househonulld size using the sanulle adnullustnull
nullent fanulltors used by nullnullD progranulls.
nulln additionnullhousehonullds reporting negative innullonulle are attributed innull
nullonulles nullust above the AMnullif their nullonthnully housing nullosts enullnulleed the
Fair Marnullet nullent and they nullived in adenulluate and unnullronullded housing.
The nullustinullnullation for inullputing higher innullonulles is that nullany housenull
honullds in this situation nullive in housing nullith anullenities sunullh as dining
roonullsnullbanullnulloniesnulland offnullthenullstreet parnulling and thus nullay be renull
porting tenullporary anullnullounting nullosses.
For housing needs estinullates using AnullS data sinnulle nullnullnullnullnull nullD has
nullnullassinulled househonullds nullith innullonulles above nulledian innullonulle by nullonullnull
paring their innullonulle to nullith the anulltuanull edian fanullinully innullonulle for the
nullonullationnullrather than to nullnullpernullent of the nullonullnullinnullonulle nullutoffnullas nullas
the onnully approanullh possibnulle for estinullates nullade through nullnullnullnull.
null nulltremely lonullincome. nullnullnull not in enulless of null pernullnt
of AMnull
null nullery lonullincome.nullnullnull not in enulless of null pernullnt of AMnull
Very nullnullinnullnull thus innulludes enullrenullnull nullnullinnullnullnullanullhough
the ternullsonulltinulls is used nullosenull in spenullnull nullntenullsnullsunull as
nullsnulltnull ananullsisnullto nullan innullnulls betnullen null and null pernull
nullnt of AMnull
null nullnullincome. nullported innullnull not in enulless of null pernullnt of
AMnullornullif nullnullrnullthe nationanullnulldian fanullnull innullnull.
null Poor. nullusehonull innullnull benullnullthe nationanullpoverty nulltoffs for
the nullited States for that househonull size. nulls disnullssed in apnull
pendinullA of the nullnsus Bureaunulls Anull pubnullnulltionsnullAnull poverty
estinulltes differ fronullofnullianullpoverty estinulltes nullde fronullthe
nullrrent Popunulltion Survey. Anull poverty estinulltes are based on
innullnull of househonulls rather than innullnull of fanullnulles or individunull
anullnulland Anull innullnull nullestions are nullnull nullss detainulld and refer
to innullnull during the past null nullnths rather than a nulled period.null
The poverty nulltoff for a fanullnull of nullis appronullnulltenull null pernullnt of
AMnull nullnullarisons of innullnull nullnullts nullth poverty threshonulls are
presented in tabnulls AnullanullAnullbnullAnullnulland Anull.
null nullddle income. For this reportnullinnullnulls above null pernullnt
and benullnullnullnullpernullnt of AMnull
null Upper income. For this reportnullhousehonulls nullth innullnull above
nullnullpernullnt of AMnull
nullcation
Metroponullitan StatistinullanullArea nullMSAnullnullFronull nullnullnullto nullnullnullnullnullthe denullninull
tions of nulletroponullitan nullonullation in AnullS data nullorresponded to the nullnullnull
Standard Metroponullitan StatistinullanullAreas used in the nullnullnullnullnullensus.
Sinnulle nullnullnullnullnullnulletroponullitan nullonullation in the AnullS has referred to the
MSAs denullned in nullnullnullnullnullbased on the nullnullnullnullnullensus.
Region. The four nullensus regions are the nullortheastnull Midnullestnull
Southnulland West.
nullismatch of Supply and Demand for
nullffordable Rental Housing
nullismatch. The disnullrepannully betnulleen the nunullber of rentanullunits
needed by renters in various innullonulle nullategories and the nunullber
provided by the nullarnullet that are affordabnulle at those innullonulle nullevenulls.
nullffordability. Severanullfederanullrentanullprogranulls denullne nullaffordabnullenull
rents as those renulluiring not nullore than nullnullpernullent of an innullonulle nullutnull
off denullned in renullation to AMnull. nullnder the Lonullnullnullnnullonulle nullousing Tanull
nullredit nullLnullnullTnullnullProgranullnullfor enullanullpnullenullhousing units nulluanullify as affordnull
abnulle and enulligibnulle for the nullredit if they have rents as high as nullnullpernullent
of an innullonulle enulluanulling nullnullpernullent of AMnull.
This report generanullizes the approanullh devenulloped to denullne LnullnullTnull
nullanullinullunullrents for units of different size to denullne three nullategories
of affordabinullity nullenulltrenullenully nullonullinnullonullenullvery nullonullinnullonullenulland nullonullinnull
nullonullenullbased on the innullonulles that are sufnullnullient for the rentsnullat or
benullonull nullpernullent of AMnullnullabove nullnulland up to nullnullpernullent of AMnullnulland
above nullnullpernullent of AMnull. nullross rents for eanullh unitnullinnullnulluding paynull
nullents for utinullitiesnullare nullonullpared nullith nullnullpernullent of nullnullDnulls innullonulle
nullinullitsnullnullhinullh are set at nullnullpernullent and nullnullpernullent of AMnull.
The innullonulle nullinullits used to denullne rent affordabinullity are adnullusted
for nunullber of bedroonulls using the fornullunulla nullodinulled at nullnullnull.S.null.
nullnullnullgnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullno bedroonullsnullnullnullpernullent of basenullone bedroonullnullnullnullpernull
nullentnulltnullo bedroonullsnull nullpernullentnullthree bedroonullsnull nullnullpernullentnullfour
bedroonullsnull nullnullpernullentnullpnullus nullnullpernullent of base for every additionanull
bedroonull. This fornullunulla assunulles that an efnullnulliennully unit houses one
personnulla onenullbedroonullunit houses null.nullpeopnullenulland eanullh additionanull
bedroonullhouses another null.nullpeopnulle. For vanullant unitsnullthe nullosts of
any utinullities that nullounulld be paid by an onullnullupant nullere anullnullonullated using
a nullhot denullnullnulltenullhninullue based on a nullatrinullof strunullture typenullAnullS
nullnullinullate nullodenulland eight nullategories of gross rent.
nullhree measures of affordability. We use three nulleasures in Senullnull
tion nullto ananullyze the suppnully of the rentanullhousing stonullnullin renullation to
househonulld innullonulles.
nullategorinulling rental units by affordability and households by
income. To ananullyze nullisnullatnullhes betnulleen affordabinullity and innullonulle
in Senulltion nullnullhousehonulld innullonulles and housing unit rents nullere nullonullnull
pared nullith nullnullnullnullinnullonulle nullinullits nullfor innullonulle and rent nullategories up
to and innullnulluding nullnullpernullent of AMnullnulland to the anulltuanull edian fanullinully

65
U.S. Department of HoUSing anD Urban Development | office of policy Development anD reSearcH
appendix e. Data anD metHoDology
innullonulles nullfor nullategories above nullnullpernullent of AMnullnull. As in the ananullynull
sis of househonulld innullonullenull househonullds reporting negative innullonulle
nullere redenullned as having innullonulles nullust above nulledian innullonulle if their
nullonthnully housing nullosts nullere above the Fair Marnullet nullent and they
nullived in adenulluate and unnullronullded housing. nullnits nullith nullno nullash rentnull
reported are nullategorized sonullenully on the basis of utinullity nullosts. nulltinullity
nullosts are anullnullonullated to vanullant units through nullhotnulldenullnullnullinullputation
based on units that are nullonullparabnulle on the basis of nullostnullnunullber of
unitsnullregionnulland tenure.
Race and nullthnicity
nulln nullnullnullnullnullthe AnullS began using revised nullensus Bureau nullategories
of ranulle and ethninullity that are not direnulltnully nullonullparabnulle nullith the nullnullnullnull
and earnullier AnullS. Survey respondents nonullare anullnullonulled to senullenullt nullore
than one ranullianullgroupnull ausing snullight but signinullnullant denullreases in the
size of previousnully nullononullithinullnullategories.

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Washington, DC 20410–null00
nullfinullal nullsiness
nullnaltnullfor nullivate Use null00
nullturn Servinull nullnullested
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