HUD Biennial Report FY 2011-2012

by HUDUSER

HUD’S OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT & RESEARCH
BIENNIAL REPORT FY 2011-2012
BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | Office of Policy Development and Research

4 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
PD&R plays two roles in TI—administering
the research and demonstrations, and serving
as the executive sponsor on department-wide
technical assistance projects�
The Transformation Initiative provides HUD
with funding, flexibility, and the authority to
direct resources where they are most needed
in support of the Department’s strategic
goals� Under TI, PD&R has funded some
groundbreaking studies, which the following
sections address in more detail� HUD
purposefully implements a number of these
studies as demonstrations, using a controlled,
random-assignment design, which is widely
recognized as the most rigorous and scientific
type of social science research methodology�
TI provided $71�581 million in FY 2010,
$16�351 million in FY 2011, and $11�8
million in FY 2012 for research, evaluation,
and demonstrations�
In addition to receiving funding for research,
technology, evaluation and demonstrations,
PD&R received funding for a variety
of grant programs to assist colleges and
universities to address community and
economic development concerns in local
neighborhoods through the Office of
University Partnerships� The college and
university grant programs were not directly
funded in FY 2012� Direct federal funding
for universities is not likely to return for
a variety of reasons, but a shift in the
Administration’s approach to place-based
initiatives means more opportunities for
universities to engage in their communities�

6 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
PD&R’S DATA
P
D&R creates, publishes, and maintains
a large amount of data important
to the field of housing and community
development� It maintains the national
data infrastructure by supporting five major
national housing surveys and other sources of
national housing data�
THE AMERICAN
HOUSING SURVEY
The statutorily mandated American
Housing Survey (AHS) is the richest
source of information about the nation’s
housing stock and the characteristics of its
occupants, and it has an important role in
assessing the performance of government
housing programs� HUD provides funding,
oversight, and leadership on the AHS while
the United States Census Bureau provides
operational management and conducts data
collection� The additional funding devoted
to Research & Technology beginning in FY
2010 and continuing through FY 2011 and
FY 2012 enabled HUD to restore the AHS
to its historical level of 60 metropolitan-area
surveys on a four-year rotating basis� The
AHS metropolitan surveys are important
because they enable PD&R to observe
housing market activity at a subnational
level� The increased funding levels enabled
HUD to expand the AHS national sample to
improve the statistical reliability of estimates,
to add an oversample of HUD-assisted
units to get reliable statistics on HUD-
assisted tenants’ views of the condition of
their housing, and to design and implement
topical modules on various subjects of
interest� In addition, this increased sample
provided resources to conduct the survey
in New Orleans a few years after Hurricane
Katrina to permit comparison to the
survey conducted just before the storm
and document the dramatic change to the
housing inventory caused by the hurricane�
Overall, these additions led to a fuller
national picture and more information
about local markets� For 2013, the AHS
will include new questions to provide
greater insight into the causes of doubled-up
households�
“After experiencing one of the worst
housing downturns in our nation’s
history, as well as contending with
an unprecedented string of natural
disasters in recent years, the value
of having solid information on the
characteristics and condition of the
housing stock is even more apparent.
The American Housing Survey is
an invaluable resource to help us
understand how communities across
the country are coping with these
housing challenges.”
—Kermit Baker
Harvard University
Joint Center for Housing Studies
THE RENTAL HOUSING
FINANCE SURVEY
The newest of the national surveys, which
began fieldwork in FY 2012, is the Rental
Housing Finance Survey (RHFS), designed
to create a nationally representative sample
of data on the financing of multiunit
rental housing� The RHFS, conducted in
partnership with the Census Bureau, will
be biennial, include both longitudinal and
cross-sectional elements, and be available to
the public in early 2013�
FAIR MARKET RENT DATA
Fair Market Rents (FMRs) are gross rent
estimates that include the shelter rent plus
the cost of all tenant-paid utilities except
telephones, cable or satellite television service,
and Internet service� Using data from the
Census Bureau, HUD annually estimates
FMRs for each metropolitan area and each
nonmetropolitan county to ensure that a
sufficient supply of rental housing is available

7FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
to program participants� By law, in any fiscal
year, HUD must publish and make available
the final FMRs for use at the start of that fiscal
year, October 1� HUD uses Fair Market Rents
(FMRs) primarily in the following ways: to
determine payment-standard amounts for the
Housing Choice Voucher Program (HCVP),
to determine initial renewal rents for some
expiring project-based Section 8 contracts,
to determine initial rents for housing
assistance payment contracts in the Moderate
Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy
Program, and to serve as a rent ceiling in the
HOME rental assistance program�
INCOME LIMITS DATA
The U�S� Housing Act of 1937 requires
the Department to set income limits that
determine the eligibility of applicants for
HUD’s assisted housing programs� One of
the major active assisted housing programs
is the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher
Program (Section 8)&#65533; HUD’s Section 8
Income Limits begin with the production
of Median Family Income (MFI)
estimates� HUD uses Section 8’s FMR
area definitions in developing MFI
estimates; therefore, HUD develops income
estimates for each metropolitan area, parts
of some metropolitan areas, and each
nonmetropolitan county� HUD calculates
Section 8 Income Limits for every FMR area,
with adjustments for family size and for areas
that have unusually high or low income-to-
housing-cost relationships�
CONSOLIDATED PLAN
HUD periodically receives custom
tabulations of census data from the U�S�
Census Bureau that are largely not available
through standard Census Bureau products�
These data, known as the Comprehensive
Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS)
data, are used by HUD grantees to prepare
consolidated and PHA Plans� They
demonstrate the extent of housing problems
and housing needs, particularly for low-
income households� Local governments use
the CHAS data to plan how to spend HUD
funds, and HUD may use them to distribute
grant funds�
The primary purpose of the CHAS data is to
demonstrate the number of households in need
of housing assistance; that is, the estimated
number of households that have certain
housing problems and incomes low enough to
qualify for HUD’s programs (primarily 30, 50,
and 80 percent of Area Median Income)� The
CHAS data are also important for considering
the prevalence of housing problems among
different types of households, such as those
including the elderly, disabled people, and
minorities� The CHAS data provide counts of
the numbers of households that fit these HUD-
specified characteristics in HUD-specified
geographic areas�
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
In addition to supporting the major surveys,
HUD also maintains and makes public
its administrative data� HUD maintains
data on the approximately five million
households living in public and assisted
housing and on community and housing
investments made from such programs as
the Community Development Block Grant
(CDBG) Program, HOME Investment
Partnership, and the LIHTC Program� Data
that PD&R makes available publicly include
the following:
A PICTURE OF SUBSIDIZED HOUSEHOLDS.
A Picture of Subsidized Households is a
compilation of information on subsidized
housing from HUD’s major data collection
systems� The report is useful in answering
public policy and program questions without
revealing the identity of individual assisted
families� It consists of publicly available
statistics on the characteristics of households
that receive assistance through federal
housing programs, including socioeconomic
and demographic information such as
family income, race, ethnicity, age of
head of household, number of household

9FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
public and assisted households from HUD’s
Real Estate Assessment Center office; the
data required for the Choice Neighborhoods
mapping tool; United States Postal Service
data on vacant addresses; data from the
Federal Emergency Management Agency and
the Small Business Administration to assess
unmet disaster needs; and the creation of the
Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP)
foreclosure risk scores�
HOUSING MARKET REPORTS
PD&R’s Field Economist Organization
prepared 66 Comprehensive Housing Market
Analysis Reports for selected metropolitan
housing market areas� These reports, located
on PD&R’s website www�huduser�org,
assist and guide HUD in its operations
and have proven to be useful to builders,
mortgagees, and others concerned with
local housing condition trends� For each
analysis, field economists develop a factual
framework based on information available,
as of a particular date, from both local and
national sources� Each analysis takes into
consideration changes in the economic,
demographic, and housing inventory
characteristics of a specific housing market
area during three periods: from 1990 to
2000, from 2000 to the as-of date of the
analysis, and from the as-of date to a three-
year forecast date� The reports present counts
and estimates of employment, population,
households, and housing inventory� Recent
reports include: Boston, Massachusetts;
Denver, Colorado; Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma; and Nashville, Tennessee�
OTHER HOUSING MARKET
SURVEYS
HUD provides funding, oversight, and
leadership for three important surveys
of the housing market� The Survey of
Construction, a joint effort between HUD
and the U�S� Census Bureau, provides
critical information about new home sales,
including New Residential Sales, a Principle
Federal Economic Indicator� The statutorily
mandated Manufactured Homes Survey
provides estimates of manufactured home
sales and inventory� Finally, the Survey of
Market Absorption of Apartments is a survey
of buildings with five or more units� The
survey provides estimates of rent level and
market uptake for apartments and sales price
and market uptake for condominiums and
cooperatives�

11FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
counseling assists clients in making good
decisions regarding homeownership and
might help to make homeownership
more sustainable�
WHAT HAPPENS TO LOW-INCOME
HOUSING TAX CREDIT PROPERTIES AT
YEAR 15 AND BEYOND?
In the past few years thousands of properties
financed through the Low-Income Housing
Tax Credit Properties (LIHTC) have become
eligible to leave the program, ending rent and
income-use restrictions� In the worst-case
scenario, more than 1 million LIHTC units
could leave the affordable housing stock by
2020, a potentially serious setback to the goal
of expanding housing choices for low-income
households� PD&R commissioned this study
to discover what happens to these properties
as they become eligible to leave the program�
In addition to exploring the issue of whether
owners of older LIHTC properties continue
to provide affordable housing for low-income
renters, this study examines the factors that
affect owners’ decision to leave the LIHTC
Program and the implications of these
departures for the affordable housing market�
Based on interviews with owners, tax credit
syndicators and brokers, and direct investors,
the study describes the issues and decisions
that LIHTC property owners confront as their
tax-credit projects reach the 15-year mark�
The authors from Abt Associates find that
most LIHTC properties remain affordable
despite having reached and passed the
15-year period of compliance with
Internal Revenue Service use restrictions�
A limited number of exceptions are
closely related to local housing market
conditions and to events that occur at
year 15 and beyond, including whether
the property’s use restrictions change,
and whether the property is sold to a new
ownership entity� Note that although most
older LIHTC properties are not at risk of
becoming unaffordable, over time, they
will become mid-market rental properties
indistinguishable from other mid-market
rental housing� This result is favorable if
the goal is to achieve more mixed-income
communities� The researchers recommend
that federal policymakers revise Qualified
Allocation Plan standards to encourage
Housing Finance Agencies (HFAs) to create
higher priorities for those properties that
need additional use restrictions to keep
them from becoming unaffordable and
that HFAs lower priorities for properties in
locations where low-income renters have
other alternatives�
THE TENANT BASED RENTAL
ASSISTANCE COST MODEL
PD&R completed the Tenant Based Rental
Assistance (TBRA) Cost Model in FY
2011–2012� This project, conducted in
partnership with Econometrica, developed
a cost model for the Housing Choice
Voucher Program (HCVP) that estimates the
correlations of average per-tenant voucher
costs with various contemporaneous national
and regional economic measures that
respected private research entities forecast�
The Model monitors the effect of changes in

12 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
FMRs, payment standards, and tenant rent
requirements (and possibly other HCVP
policies) on the cost of the HCVP� The
TBRA Cost Model is designed for use in
budget forecasting and monitoring costs in
the HCVP�
RESEARCH AND
EVALUATION UNDER WAY
The substantial increase in research funding
beginning in FY 2010 has enabled HUD
to initiate a number of new research and
evaluation efforts� Those projects include:
STUDY OF HOUSING DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST SAME-SEX COUPLES. The Study
of Housing Discrimination Against Same-Sex
Couples undertaken by Morris Davis, Inc�
measures baseline levels of rental housing
discrimination against men partnering with
men and women partnering with women
for a representative national (metropolitan)
sample of housing units� The study used
paired e-mail tests instead of traditional
paired in-person testing to measure housing
discrimination� Between June and October
2011, the study successfully administered
6,833 tests in 50 metropolitan areas across
the country in which Craigslist market
coverage was available� The study tested
female and male couples separately and
compared the treatment of same-sex couples
with that of heterosexual married couples�
Results are expected to be public in the first
quarter 2013�
HOUSING DISCRIMINATION STUDY. PD&R
awarded the contract for the Housing
Discrimination Study (HDS) to the Urban
Institute in September 2010� The first project
is a rigorous, national study using in-person
paired testing to estimate discrimination
against racial and ethnic minorities in rental
and sales housing markets in metropolitan
communities across the United States� This
project is the fourth in a series of national
studies that PD&R has done roughly once
every decade to measure the extent of racial
and ethnic housing discrimination, assess
the forms it takes to assist enforcement
activities, and indicate progress as reflected
in declining overall rates of housing market
discrimination� This series of national studies
has provided a standard for local testing and
enforcement activities and stimulated public
awareness of the issues involved� Subsequent
orders will extend the assessment of the
incidence of housing discrimination to other
classes protected under federal fair housing
law, which have not received the same level of
analysis as racial and ethnic groups� PD&R
is preparing additional projects under the
study with more TI funding� These projects
include national testing of rental housing
discrimination against people with physical
disabilities, specifically deaf and wheelchair-
bound renters� There will also be separate
pilot administered by Morris Davis, Inc�
testing studies directed toward developing
effective measures of discrimination against
persons with mental disabilities, families
with children, and those using vouchers
in the rental housing market� The study of
rental housing market discrimination against
members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and
transgender community will be extended to
in-person testing�
HOUSING CHOICE VOUCHER PROGRAM
(HCVP) ADMINISTRATIVE FEE STUDY.
The Housing Choice Voucher Program
Administrative Fee Study is designed to evaluate
the amount of funding needed to administer
a high-performing and efficient HCVP based
on direct measurement of the work actually
performed by voucher administrators and
a detailed collection of overhead and non-
labor costs associated with the program at a
sample of 60 high-performing PHAs� The
study, conducted by Abt Associates, will
measure and identify the tasks performed by
PHA staff to meet program requirements, to
assist voucher holders in finding and renting
suitable housing in a timely way, and to ensure
that a broad range of affordable rental housing

13FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
throughout the community is available to
voucher families� The study will use these
data to model the total administrative cost
per voucher for each PHA in the study, as
well as costs for the major tasks involved in
voucher administration at different types
of PHAs operating in different labor and
housing markets and serving different client
populations� These cost models will then
be used to develop a new administrative fee
formula that is based on the actual costs of
operating the voucher program and adjusts for
market and other local factors known to affect
PHA costs�
Ultimately, the findings of the study will be
used to inform the development of a
new formula for allocating HCVP
administrative fees�
ASSESSMENT OF NATIVE AMERICAN,
ALASKA NATIVE, AND NATIVE HAWAIIAN
HOUSING NEEDS. Housing quality is more
likely to be inadequate and conditions
more likely to be overcrowded among
Native American, Alaska Native, and Native
Hawaiian communities than among the
overall population� This congressionally
mandated study will gather and analyze
data from multiple sources, including the
census, a survey of households in tribal areas,
interviews with tribal leaders and housing
providers, and a survey of lenders� The study,
conducted by the Urban Institute, will also
examine the changes brought about by the
passage of the Native American Housing
Assistance and Self-Determination Act
(NAHASDA) in 1996�
IMPACT OF HOUSING ON YOUNG
CHILDREN. With TI funding HUD entered
an interagency agreement with the National
Institute of Child Health and Human
Development to co-fund a rigorous study
carried out by the Research Triangle Institute
titled Housing trade-offs as they are perceived
and as they affect children’s well-being. The
study investigates how housing options and
their links to neighborhoods and schools
jointly affect the socioemotional development,
academic achievement, and health of children
ages three to eight� Families with at least
one child between the ages of three and
eight will be randomly assigned to receive
a housing choice voucher or not� Random
assignment is the basis for strong causal
inference about the impact of housing on
children� The study will also examine a sample
of low-income families who did not apply
for a voucher� Over a period of 40 months,
researchers will survey all three groups of study
participants—those receiving a voucher, those
not receiving a voucher, and similar families
who did not apply for a housing choice
voucher—three times� Data collected will
include family demography, housing quality,
cognitive and health outcomes, residential
preferences and tradeoffs (including data from
a vignette study), and interviewer rating of
neighborhood features thought to be key to
child development� The study will advance
knowledge by producing strong evidence
about how families make housing choices, the
impact of those choices on children, and the
impact of receiving a housing choice voucher
on families’ choices and children’s outcomes�
INTERFACE OF MOBILITY AND
SUSTAINABILITY: THOMPSON STUDY.
The purpose of this study is to assess
achievement of the goals of the partial
settlement agreement in Thompson v. HUD,
which African American residents of public
housing in the city of Baltimore initiated
in 1995� In 1996, HUD agreed to a partial
consent decree that provided significant
desegregative opportunities to the plaintiff
class families� The study will conduct
research and analysis related to expanding
housing opportunity through a program of
sustainable mobility using remedial vouchers,
and it will answer research questions
designed to both inform the Department
on the outcomes of that case and explore
the broader application of lessons learned
from the case to reduce racial isolation and

14 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
concentration of poverty� Some of the areas
the research will address include (1) analysis
of the physical and environmental conditions
of the neighborhoods of families using the
Thompson vouchers; (2) an assessment of
initial neighborhood choices of families using
Thompson vouchers to move to opportunity
areas in the Baltimore region; and (3) the
identification and analysis of impediments to
meeting the objectives of the settlement� The
study will also build on an in-house analysis
of geographies of opportunity that is under
way in PD&R
A final settlement was reached in November
2012 which will allow more than two
thousand additional families to be served� The
settlement also calls for the continuation and
expansion of the housing opportunity study�
RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS. In FY 2012,
PD&R gained new authority to accept
unsolicited research proposals that meet
published research priorities with at least
50 percent of project funding from other
sources� This recently initiated program
offers an exciting new way to encourage and
support important research projects� In the
1990s, a similar matching program led to the
development and creation of the Jobs Plus
demonstration that had important findings
on how the combination of job supports and
rent incentives created long-term income
benefits for public housing tenants and was
used to justify a new initiative in HUD’s
FY 2013 budget proposal�
SMALL GRANT PROGRAMS
A new innovation for PD&R was the
creation of a number of grant programs
to encourage academic research in several
varying topics of interest to the Department�
Those small grant programs include:
NATURAL EXPERIMENTS GRANT
PROGRAM. In January 2011, HUD invited
investigators to submit proposals for funding
to support scientific research that uses
natural experiments to evaluate the effects of
local, state, and federal policies� HUD was
particularly interested in funding evaluations
that can help policymakers determine how
to spend taxpayer dollars effectively and
efficiently� HUD awarded grants to the
New York City Housing Preservation and
Development Department, to estimate the
effect of a new LIHTC project on tenants
admitted to the project; to the New York City
Department of Homeless Services, to estimate
the effect of an employment program on
homeless men; and to Case Western Reserve
University, to estimate the effect on young
people of scattered-site public housing relative
to high-density public housing�
DEMONSTRATION SMALL GRANT
PROGRAM. HUD made four awards
designated for small grants to complement the
study of The Impact of Housing and Services
Interventions on Homeless Families (the Family
Options Study), a HUD-funded, 12-site
national study that will be the largest study of
homelessness yet to use an experimental design�
The grants include studies of (1) barriers to
preschool enrollment among homeless families;
(2) involvement of homeless families in
county-level public services (public assistance,
child protective services, mental health, and
substance abuse); and (3) the impact of housing
interventions on school performance of
children in homeless families�
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES RESEARCH
GRANT PROGRAM. The Sustainable
Communities Research Grant Program
(SCRGP) supports efforts by the research
community to build on existing evidence-
based studies to evaluate new and existing
tools and strategies that promote and
implement more effective policies that (1)
preserve housing affordability; (2) improve
accessibility through effective transit
systems; (3) reduce the regulatory barriers to
sustainable development and strengthen land

15FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
use planning and urban design standards; (4)
advance economic opportunities that create
jobs and promote diverse communities; and
(5) address the health of the environment by
reducing carbon emissions and conserving
energy� Six grants were awarded in FY 2010�
The purpose of the FY 2013 SCRGP is to fill
key data and information gaps and to begin
developing and evaluating policy alternatives
that communities can adopt to facilitate
decision making about various community
investments in sustainability initiatives�
For this round of sustainability research
grants, HUD is primarily interested in
sponsoring cutting-edge research in quality,
equitable affordable housing development
and preservation; transportation and
infrastructure planning; and “green,” energy-
efficient practices� HUD gives priority to
applications that advance evidence-based
research on the effectiveness of federal
programs in these areas, which include
HUD programs such as HOME, CDBG,
public housing, Choice Neighborhoods, and
the range of HUD programs that address
sustainability issues� HUD believes that
the results from the program will enable it
to develop a broader sustainability agenda
beyond current departmental priorities and
any future efforts or initiatives that it may
consider based on the results of the research�
DEMONSTRATIONS
FY 2011–2012
COMPLETED DEMONSTRATIONS
MOVING TO OPPORTUNITY FOR FAIR
HOUSING DEMONSTRATION
Support from outside funders made possible
the final report of the long-running Moving
to Opportunity (MTO) for Fair Housing
demonstration by the National Bureau of
Economic Research� In 2012, PD&R issued
the final report for this demonstration that
HUD initiated in the early 1990s� HUD
designed MTO to test whether offering
housing vouchers to families living in
public housing projects in high-poverty
neighborhoods of large inner cities could
improve their lives and the lives of their
children by enabling them to move to
lower poverty neighborhoods� The original
authorizing legislation for MTO charged
HUD with describing “the long-term
housing, employment, and educational
achievements of the families assisted under
the demonstration program�”
Between 1994 and 1998, MTO randomly
assigned families to one of three groups:
(1) the experimental group, which allowed
families to use the voucher only in low-
poverty neighborhoods; (2) the Section 8
group, which allowed the families to use
the voucher in any neighborhood; and (3)
the control group, which did not receive
vouchers� All MTO families had the option
of remaining in their current neighborhoods�
HUD tracked and interviewed the families
through 2010�
Thanks to the generous support of other
federal government agencies and private
foundations, the scope of study of MTO
families was expanded to include a number
of outcome domains beyond those under
HUD’s charge, most notably physical and
mental health� The additional funders that
enabled this important expansion to the
study’s scope included the National Science
Foundation, the National Institute for
Child Health and Human Development,
the Centers for Disease Control, the
National Institute of Mental Health, the
National Institute on Aging, the National
Opinion Research Center’s Population
Research Center (supported by the National
Institute of Child Health and Human
Development), University of Chicago’s
Center for Health Administration Studies,
the U�S� Department of Education’s Institute
of Education Sciences, the John D� and
Catherine T� MacArthur Foundation, the

16 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
Smith Richardson Foundation, the Spencer
Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation, the Russell Sage Foundation,
and the Annie E� Casey Foundation�
“The findings of the long-term study
of MTO suggest that housing mobility
programs can improve the quality of
the immediate environments families
experience, with respect to living
conditions related to housing quality,
neighborhood poverty and other
aspects of disadvantage, and safety.
Our findings also suggest there are
some extensions of the MTO mobility
effects to health and mental health in
the form of less extreme obesity, for
example, and better mental health for
adults. However, moving to lower-
poverty neighborhoods does not
appear to have large direct effects on
employment and earnings, at least for
the disadvantaged sample of adults
who enrolled in MTO.”
—MTO Final Report
The Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing
Demonstration Program: Final Impacts
Evaluation was published in October 2011
and demonstrated that, overall, vouchers
and mobility need to be combined with
support in other areas, such as education,
job training, health care, and transportation�
The demonstration’s experimental design
overcame some of the empirical challenges of
identifying neighborhood effects on people’s
life outcomes� It particularly showed the
link between poverty and health� The Final
Impacts Evaluation states, “Housing mobility
interventions such as MTO may not be
powerful enough to greatly affect long-term
outcomes without being combined with
additional training and education programs
to improve parental earnings opportunities�”
In the demonstration, very low-income
women who had the opportunity to move
from high-poverty neighborhoods into lower
poverty areas were significantly less likely to
be extremely obese or to have diabetes and
were shown to be demonstrably happier�
The results also show that MTO moves led
to sustained improvements in areas such
as housing quality and in many aspects of
the neighborhood’s environment, including
socioeconomic composition and safety, but
not in others�
HUD formally released the report in
November 2011 at the How Housing
Matters Conference, which attracted more
than 600 participants� HUD Secretary Shaun
Donovan stressed the importance of the
study in a keynote address� PD&R’s Winter
Quarterly Update, which more than 168
people attended or later viewed, also featured
MTO� PD&R posted the final written
report online on February 28, 2012, and it,
along with the summary report, has been
downloaded 125,100 times�
The October 20, 2011 New England Journal
of Medicine (NEJM) also featured an article
on the MTO report titled, “Neighborhoods,
Obesity, and Diabetes: A Randomized

17FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
Social Experiment�” The findings in the
NEJM article showed that giving very low-
income families the opportunity to move to
neighborhoods with lower poverty rates can
have a positive effect on the physical health
of adult women� It found that women with
the opportunity to move to lower-poverty
neighborhoods were nearly 20 percent less
likely to be extremely obese and 20 percent
less likely to have diabetes than were women
who were not offered a housing voucher
through MTO� A recent article in Science
magazine showed the program to have strong
positive effects on household happiness�
“Moving to Opportunity (MTO)
is often described as the most
important policy experiment
carried out in the U.S. in the last
quarter-century. For example recent
findings from the long-term (10-15
year) follow-up of families in MTO
published in the October 2011 New
England Journal of Medicine have
shed new light on the way that
housing policy matters for health,
with enormous impacts on key health
problems like extreme obesity and
diabetes. The measurement of these
health problems would not have been
possible without the foresight and
open-mindedness of PD&R.”
—Jens Ludwig
McCormick Foundation Professor of Social
Service Administration, Law, and Public Policy
University of Chicago
MTO was also featured in an issue of
Cityscape in an article titled, “Moving
to Opportunity: Why, How, and What
Next?” It examines the background policy
for MTO, the innovations in its design
and implementation, and a few of the
implications for future policy�
DEMONSTRATIONS UNDER WAY
HOMELESS FAMILIES INTERVENTION
FAMILY OPTIONS STUDY. With family
homelessness rising, HUD realized it needed
to learn more about the effects of housing
and services interventions for homeless
families� Senate Report 109-109 for the
FY 2006 Transportation, Treasury, the
Judiciary, Housing and Urban Development
and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill
authorized this intervention by directing
HUD to “undertake research to ascertain
the impact of various service and housing
interventions in ending homelessness for
families�” In response to this directive,
HUD launched the Family Options
Study� Previous research described the
characteristics and needs of homeless families
and explored the effectiveness of different
interventions, but none of the previous
work explicitly compared the results of
different interventions using a rigorous
methodology� Thus, significant gaps remain
in the understanding of the best strategies
to address homelessness among families�
This study of homelessness is the largest ever
conducted using an experimental design�
The Family Options Study by Abt Associates,
Inc� compares several combinations of
housing assistance and services in a multisite
experiment to determine which interventions
work best to promote housing stability,
family preservation, child well-being, adult
well-being, and self-sufficiency� To provide
the strongest possible evidence of the effects
of the housing and services interventions,
the evaluation uses an experimental research
design, with eligible families assigned at
random to one of the designated housing
and services interventions, including project-
based transitional housing, community-based
rapid rehousing, subsidy only, and usual care�
Twelve communities and more than 2,300
families are participating in the study�
Researchers interviewed study families at

18 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
baseline (entry and random assignment),
tracked them for 18 months after
intervention, and are administering a follow-
up interview� An interim report describing
the study design, participating communities,
programs, and baseline characteristics of
the study families will be available in early
2013, and the final report describing the
impact analysis is expected to be complete in
December 2014�
FAMILY SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROGRAM
DEMONSTRATION. The Family Self
Sufficiency Program (FSS) serves voucher
holders and residents of public housing
and aims to increase a family’s income and
savings� Case managers work with families to
connect them with services and employment
opportunities while money accumulates in
an escrow account�
The intent of the FSS Program
Demonstration is to gain a deeper
understanding of the program and illustrate
strategies that assist participants in obtaining
greater economic independence� The
demonstration, conducted by MRDC,
requires a random-assignment model
because participant self-selection into FSS
limits the ability to assess whether program
features, rather than the characteristics of
the participating families, led to tenant
income gains� Random assignment will
limit the extent to which selection bias
drives observed results� The demonstration
will document the progress of a group of
FSS participants from initial enrollment to
program completion (or exit)� Although the
primary objective of FSS is stable, suitable
employment, the many interim outcomes
of interest include (1) getting a first job;
(2) getting a better paying job; (3) self-
employment or small-business ownership; (4)
no longer needing benefits provided under
one or more welfare programs; (5) obtaining
additional education, whether in the form
of a high school diploma, higher education
degree, or vocational training; (6) buying a
home; (7) buying a car; (8) setting up savings
accounts; or (9) accomplishing similar goals
that lead to economic independence�
The study is under way and currently in the
site reconnaissance phase�
PRE-PURCHASE HOMEOWNERSHIP
COUNSELING DEMONSTRATION.
The objective of the Pre-Purchase
Homeownership Counseling Demonstration
and Impact Evaluation is to test the
effectiveness and impact of two different
types of pre-purchase housing counseling
modalities on mortgage preparedness,
homebuyer outcomes, and loan performance
for a large sample of prospective low-to-
moderate-and middle-income (LMMI; less
than 120 percent of Area Median Income)
first-time homebuyers� The demonstration
is a randomized experiment designed to
test the impact of two types of pre-purchase
homeownership counseling on a sample
of 6,000 prospective LMMI first-time
homebuyers� HUD is working with Abt
Associates Inc�, three national lenders,
and two national pre-purchase counseling
intermediaries to enroll and randomly assign
the sample to one of two interventions—(1)
remote online pre-purchase education plus
telephone counseling, or (2) in-person group
pre-purchase education plus individual pre-
purchase counseling—or a control group
in about 25 metropolitan areas across the
country with high mortgage loan application
volumes� HUD expects the research team
to track the sample over three to four
years and determine to what extent their
outcomes might result from the counseling
intervention they received�
RENT REFORM DEMONSTRATION. The
Rent Reform Demonstration will study and
compare different rent structures in HUD
assisted housing and assess their effect on
the residents that rely on federal rental
assistance� The purpose of the demonstration
is to understand the effect of an alternative

19FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
to the current rent system, especially on
income and earnings� The Rent Reform
Demonstration, undertaken by MDRC,
Inc�, is designed to test alternatives to a solely
income-based rent structure� Rent reform
may affect assisted housing residents in terms
of the rents they pay, the amounts they save
and earn, and the income stream to the
housing agency that administers the housing
subsidy� The Demonstration will be critical
in understanding the effects of alternative
rent systems at the Public Housing Authority
(PHA) and household level�
CHOICE NEIGHBORHOODS
DEMONSTRATION. Choice Neighborhoods
is designed to transform neighborhoods of
concentrated poverty into neighborhoods
of choice—viable, mixed-income
neighborhoods where families have access to
employment opportunities, well-functioning
services, good-quality public schools and
education programs, and a variety of good
transportation options� PD&R and the
Urban Institute are studying how Choice
Neighborhoods has been implemented in
the first five sites (Boston, Chicago, New
Orleans, San Francisco, and Seattle) and
surveying the residents of the neighborhoods
targeted for transformation�
NATIVE AMERICAN SUSTAINABLE
BUILDING PRACTICES DEMONSTRATION.
PD&R, in partnership with the Office of
Native American Programs, launched a new
effort in FY 2011 to support and increase
sustainable construction in Native American
communities� By building sustainable
housing, tribes can provide their members
with healthier, more comfortable, and more
resource-efficient homes�
This initiative includes several activities�
HUD is working with other federal
agencies, key stakeholders, and FirstPic,
Inc� to identify and overcome barriers to
the adoption of sustainable construction
practices in Indian country� A call was
issued seeking tribes interested in this
effort� Participating tribes receive technical
assistance to support their adoption of
sustainable construction practices in
residential construction or rehabilitation
projects� HUD will also provide training on
sustainable construction practices�
SMALL AREA FAIR MARKET RENT
DEMONSTRATION GRANTS. As described
earlier in the “PD&R’s Data” section, HUD
uses FMRs primarily to determine payment
standard amounts for the Housing Choice
Voucher Program (HCVP)� At the direction
of Secretary Donovan, PD&R undertook
the task of developing a methodology
for creating FMRs for ZIP Codes within
metropolitan areas� Because they will
more accurately reflect the cost of rental
housing in these areas, Small Area FMRs
will enable voucher tenants access to more
units in neighborhoods of opportunity� At
the same time, and for the same reason,
Small Area FMRs will discourage voucher
tenants from locating in neighborhoods of
concentrated poverty� Small Area FMRs
represent a fundamentally different way
of operating the HCVP in metropolitan
areas by helping in the understanding of
neighborhood demographics� HUD is
undertaking an invitational demonstration
program with a limited number of Public
Housing Authorities to better understand
and solve potential operational issues and to
collect data on tenant location choices before
determining if the Department will choose
to use Small Area FMRs on a nationwide
basis� The participants in the invitational
demonstration program will operate their
voucher programs using Small Area FMRs
from October 1, 2012, through September
30, 2016�
SUPPORT AND SERVICES AT HOME
EVALUATION. Support and Services at Home
(SASH) coordinates services to support aging
in place and health care services in HUD
housing� The evaluation of SASH, supported

21FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
STRONG CITIES,
STRONG COMMUNITIES
In March 2012 President Barack Obama
signed an Executive Order establishing
the White House Council on Strong Cities,
Strong Communities (SC2)� The SC2
Council is co-chaired by Secretary Donovan
and the Assistant to the President for
Domestic Policy, Cecilia Muñoz� More than
20 departments, agencies, and other offices
within the Administration, including the
Director of the Office of Management and
Budget and the Chair of the Council
of Economic Advisors, are part of the
SC2 Council�
SC2 is set up to help economically and
fiscally distressed communities reinvent and
grow their economies after either chronic
or acute decline resulting from the recent
economic recession� The aim is to break
down federal silos and help cities facing
long-term challenges by providing technical
assistance and access to federal agency
expertise, creating new public- and private-
sector partnerships, leveraging existing assets,
providing new resources, and fostering
new connections at the local and national
levels� The Executive Order requires that
the Council recommend to the President
ideas on policy reform to increase economic
growth in distressed communities, build
local capacity and expertise, and show how
SC2 best practices can be incorporated
government-wide�
The signing of the Executive Order in
March 2012 coincided with a White
House SC2 Convening that featured panel
conversations and roundtables with mayors
of the pilot cities where SC2 Community
Solutions Teams have been deployed and
philanthropic, nonprofit, and business
leaders� Most significantly, President Obama
made a surprise appearance to reiterate his
support for SC2� The Convening served both
as a culmination of two years of program
development and implementation and as a
launching pad into the initiative’s next phase,
which includes the institutionalization of this
new federal approach for cities through the
SC2 Council�
SC2 has four core components: SC2
Pilots/Community Solutions Teams in six
locations; the SC2 Fellows Program; the
Economic Visioning Challenge; and the SC2
Resources Network� The first two programs
are being piloted in: Chester, Pennsylvania;
the Northeast Ohio region of Cleveland
and Youngstown, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan;
Fresno, California; Memphis, Tennessee; and
New Orleans, Louisiana�
THE SC2 PILOTS/COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS
TEAMS. These teams are interagency groups
of federal employees that work in the pilot
locations to assist in implementing plans and
approaches to recovery and revitalization
already adopted by the mayor and other
local leaders� The teams work with local
governments, nonprofits, the private sector,
and other institutions to leverage federal
dollars, ensure that those dollars are well
spent in conjunction with the approach the
community has laid out to support recovery,
and support the work being done at the
local level to foster economic growth and
community development� The work of the
Community Solutions Teams forms the
foundation for the policy recommendations
the SC2 Council will be providing to the

22 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
President Obama addressed the
SC2 Convening in March 2012.
President according to the Executive Order�
The teams will be on the ground for up to
two years (September 2011 to September
2013)� A second round of pilots will be
announced by the SC2 Council in 2013�
THE SC2 FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. Through
a generous $2�5 million contribution
from the Rockefeller Foundation, HUD
established a cooperative agreement with
the German Marshal Fund of the U�S�
(GMFUS) to provide mid-career fellows
to the six communities that are part of
the SC2 Pilot� These SC2 Fellows, 17 in
all, are currently embedded in each city
and are providing capacity in a number of
topic areas including planning, economic
development, stakeholder engagement,
health and education policy, and downtown
revitalization� The Fellows will be in place
for two years from their starting date of
September 2012�
THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
VISIONING CHALLENGE. The Economic
Development Administration (EDA) has
created a program by which EDA dollars
are used to create a competition where
outside organizations (private and non-
profit) can compete for the right to create
and implement a new economic vision for a
community that is economically distressed�
In the fall of 2012, EDA awarded $1 million
to three cities—Hartford, Connecticut;
President Obama addressed the
SC2 Convening in March 2012.

23FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
Greensboro, North Carolina; and Las Vegas,
Nevada—as part of this program�
THE SC2 NATIONAL RESOURCES
NETWORK. On November 28, 2012
HUD announced a NOFA seeking an
administrator for the SC2 National
Resources Network� This Network will
provide technical assistance to distressed
cities and communities� It will aid these
communities in navigating federal and
other funding sources, ensuring that these
communities know where and how to access
assistance� The Network will also provide
direct technical assistance to distressed
communities on a range of issues—
fiscal efficiency, economic development,
stakeholder capacity building for economic
recovery and community development, land
use, and other areas of need� The Network
administrator will also connect distressed
communities with other federal efforts,
especially in and around the Administration’s
place-based initiatives�
SC2 sets a transformative example for future
government projects� It provides a model
of collaboration across different levels of
government and a lesson about how to more
effectively coordinate existing government
resources� SC2 strives to transform not only
the pilot cities it reaches, but also the way
government as a whole does business�

25FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
“I very much enjoyed the meeting.
Although the participants came from
a variety of different backgrounds
(government, academia, and the
private sector), we seemed to
have many of the same general
concerns and goals with regard to
data linking. One recurring theme
was the challenge of balancing the
competing objectives of protecting
individual privacy and making
the data as widely accessible as
possible. Another was the difficulty
in creating or obtaining data sets
that are nationally representative.
Overall, I think there is a lot to be
gained from greater coordination
and centralization of mortgage data
management, and this meeting was a
great first step in that direction.”
—Sarah Riley
Attendee of “Using Data to Understand
Borrower’s Access to Credit” Conference
Senior Research Economist
UNC Center for Community Capital
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
PD&R, often in partnership with other
organizations, presents several awards� The
HUD Secretary’s Awards are presented
annually to honor projects that exemplify
excellence in four categories: community
planning, historic preservation, affordable
housing design, and cooperative public/
private efforts� The awards are presented in
partnership with the American Planning
Association, the American Institute
of Architects, the National Trust for
Historic Preservation, and the Best in
American Living Competition� This year
a new award, The Secretary’s Award for
Community Foundations with the Council
on Foundations, was introduced� More
information on these awards, including recent
winners, is included in a following section�
The U�S� Housing and Market Conditions
publication is released quarterly providing
national and regional housing and market
statistics� It collects, analyses, and reports on
housing production, marketing, affordability,
foreclosures, and trends throughout the
United States� Each issue features a summary
piece that elucidates what the statistical
trends indicate�
POLICY AND RESEARCH TRANSLATION.
PD&R introduced a new publication titled
Evidence Matters as part of its stakeholder
outreach� Since it was first published in the
winter of 2011, Evidence Matters has released
five issues, and its subscriber base has grown
to 24,670� A few highlights of the first two
years of Evidence Matters:
• Prominent economists Ed Glaeser, David
Crowe, and Todd Sinai contributed
opinion pieces on the future of the
mortgage interest deduction in the spring
2011 issue on rental housing policy�
• The winter 2012 issue on metropolitan
resilience detailed the research
underpinning SC2�
• In the summer 2012 issue on
homelessness, Acting Assistant
Secretary for Community Planning and
Development, Mark Johnston, wrote an
article about the way HUD uses data to
understand and combat homelessness�

26 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
HIGH QUALITY RESEARCH
DISSEMINATION. Cityscape is a
multidisciplinary scholarly journal that
PD&R publishes three times a year to
advance the state of knowledge, policy, and
practice in the areas of HUD’s mission� Each
issue includes a Symposium of scholarly
papers on a common theme� In FY 2011 and
2012, Cityscape symposia covered brownfields
(contaminated properties), new dissertation
work on homelessness, national rental
housing policy, the relationship between
crime and urban form, research based on the
American Housing Survey, and the findings
of the MTO demonstration�
A new feature introduced in FY 2012,
Point of Contention, included such areas
of disagreement as the size of the shadow
inventory (properties with delinquent
mortgages not yet foreclosed on or foreclosed
on and held by the lender without being
offered for sale) and the operational
definition of a neighborhood�
The refereed papers in FY 2011 and
2012 explored the definition of “high-
opportunity” neighborhoods, measuring
neighborhood quality in surveys, the
experience of homeowners in bankruptcy,
the sorting of different types of families into
different program options as they relocated
from Chicago public housing, geographic
patterns of mortgage delinquency, and the
housing needs of families on waiting lists
for assistance�
Departments, short papers to help scholars
or new students explore the areas of HUD’s
mission, included Impact, which details and 
explains the benefit and cost calculations for
new HUD regulations; Policy Briefs; Graphic
Detail, which illustrates the power of maps to
inform public policy and social science; and
Data Shop, which introduces the reader to
new data sets and new procedures for using
the data in familiar sources�
All published works, including those
described previously, are available online via
PD&R’s website, www�huduser�org�
CITYSCAPE DOWNLOADS:
FY 2011: 567,339
FY 2012: 712,029
PD&R PUBLICATIONS ADVISORY BOARD. Peter Dreier, Occidental College;
Richard K� Green, University of Southern California; Keith R� Ihlanfeldt, Florida
State University; Annette M� Kim, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Carlos E�
Martin, Abt Associates; Douglas S� Massey, Princeton University; Sandra J�
Newman, Johns Hopkins University; Marybeth Shinn, Vanderbilt University;
Raymond J� Struyk; Paul Waddell, University of California, Berkeley; and John C�
Weicher, Hudson Institute, Inc�

27FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
HUD USER USAGE:
FY 2011 FY 2012
Total Downloads 9�95 million 10�85 million
Average Downloads per Month 891,754 904,327
Average Visits per Month 409,307 486,488
Total Page Views 13�5 million 14�1 million
Orders Processed 1,600 1,434
Publications Disseminated 1,580 1,355
QUICK ACCESS. PD&R released The Edge
as a smart phone application (app)� The app
enables users to share content on popular
social media networks such as Facebook
and Twitter and via e-mail� The Edge app is
the first HUD app in the General Services
Administration store�
An additional mobile app was released that
enables users to easily access FMRs and
income limits of localities across the country�
CITYSCAPE GUEST EDITORS. Sandra Susan Brunson, Discovering Homelessness,
Cityscape Volume 13, Number 1, 2011; Vicki Been and Ingrid Gould Ellen, Rental
Housing Policy in the United States� Cityscape Volume 13, Number 2, 2011; Ronald
E� Wilson, Crime and Urban Form, Cityscape Volume 13, Number 3, 2011; Shawn
Bucholtz, American Housing Survey, Cityscape Volume 14, Number 1, 2012; Jens
Ludwig, Moving to Opportunity, Cityscape Volume 14, Number 2, 2012; Cynthia
Guy, Residential Mobility: Implications for Families and Communities, Cityscape
Volume 14, Number 3, 2012�

28 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
PD&R’S PARTNER OUTREACH
P
D&R contains two offices that work
specifically on partner outreach� The
Office for International and Philanthropic
Innovation and the Office of University
Partnerships work with internal and external
stakeholders to further HUD’s mission�
THE OFFICE FOR
INTERNATIONAL AND
PHILANTHROPIC INNOVATION
HUD’s Office for International and
Philanthropic Innovation (IPI) works
with program offices to position HUD
as a hub for innovation by highlighting
lessons learned and best practices from its
philanthropic and international partners and
creating networks and partnerships at all
levels of government and across all sectors�
IPI strengthens the relationships between
HUD and its partners to spotlight and scale
solutions that are working in communities
across the country�
PHILANTHROPIC INNOVATION. In FY 2012,
IPI joined with the Council on Foundations
to launch the inaugural HUD Secretary’s
Award for Community Foundations,
which showcases outstanding examples
of partnerships between philanthropy
and the public sectors at the local level�
The Council on Foundations selected 10
community foundations from a large and
very competitive pool of applicants� Awards
were announced in September 2012 at the
Council’s Fall Conference for Community
Foundations in New Orleans�
The award program is the first step in IPI’s
community foundation strategy to both
broaden and deepen HUD’s relationships
with permanent, place-based philanthropy
across the country (see Award Winners
section)� In the United States, community
foundations serve tens of thousands of
donors, administer more than $31 billion
in charitable funds, and address the core
concerns of nearly 700 communities and
regions� By strengthening the connections
between government and place-based
philanthropic partners, this award
program encourages the creation of public-
philanthropic partnerships at the federal,
regional, and local levels and increases the
positive effect on the places HUD serves�
IPI has engaged HUD’s partners and
increased access to information through
the launch of partner�hud�gov� This new
web tool features contact information and
proposal details for grantees and the highest
scoring applicants to HUD’s community
development initiatives� IPI designed
partner�hud�gov to boost public-private
partnerships and philanthropic support
for the most promising plans for turning
the nation’s distressed communities into
viable and sustainable mixed-income
neighborhoods linked to good schools, retail,
transportation, and access to jobs�
The web feature provides information to
funders and other local stakeholders that
they can use to find and support applications
HUD deemed promising but was unable to
fund� It will also offer communities greater
HUD signed a Memorandum of Understanding
with the government of Brazil.

29FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
access to work happening around the country
and best-practice models that might help
shape their efforts�
“Rather than having to spend time on
information searches, we would rather
put our resources toward ensuring
that more youth in underserved
urban areas have access to structured
physical activity, mentoring, and
better nutrition. HUD’s new online tool
will help us save time and resources in
efforts to establish strategic working
relationships and contribute to the
renewal of a community.”
—Greg Griffith
Director of Development
U.S. Soccer Foundation
IPI strives to find and lift up innovative
ideas and models in the field of housing and
community development, no matter where or
from whom they originate� The new online
Innovation of the Day (IOD) helps HUD
identify emerging trends, promising solutions,
and successful means of implementation�
IOD is a hub for collecting and disseminating
effective housing, community development,
built environment, and urban innovations
from around the world� Its purpose is to
crowdsource best practices and models that
can be leveraged not only within HUD but
by other agencies, municipalities, NGOs, and
citizens seeking to improve their communities�
Anyone—HUD staff, local governments,
nonprofits, and citizen activists—can
submit an application� Innovations will be
featured on www�hud�gov and social media
outlets with brief descriptions and any
submitted multimedia�
INTERNATIONAL. IPI continues to reach
out to partners not only across sectors but
across geographical boundaries� In the
past year, HUD has signed Memoranda of
Understanding with the governments of
Germany and Brazil� Both agreements focus
on the need for sustainable and inclusive
communities, whether the context is within
cities seeking to make transitions to adapt and
maintain infrastructure or within communities
experiencing rapid population growth and the
policies necessary to improve opportunities
for all residents� Through joint research, policy
exchanges, conferences, and other connections,
HUD’s formal agreements with Germany and
Brazil set the stage for sharing lessons learned
and working together as HUD and its partners
search for new solutions in a global community�
THE OFFICE OF
UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS
EMPOWERMENT SERIES. In FY 2011
and 2012, PD&R’s Office of University
Partnerships (OUP) held a series of events to
highlight the development and application of
best practices that OUP grantees have used
to address a variety of critical community and
affordable housing issues� The first session,
held on September 20, 2011, discussed the
research from the March issue of Cityscape:
“Discovering Homelessness�” OUP then
joined with the Corporation for National
and Community Service to cosponsor a
second event, held on October 20, 2011, to
highlight the efforts of two Hispanic-Serving
Institutions Assisting Communities grantees
with a panel on “Institutions of Higher
Education Engaging Communities�” The third
event, held on December 2, 2011, was titled
“Anchor Institutions—Focus on the Future�”
At the event leading practitioners engaged
in a thoughtful and robust conversation
about the growing influence of institutions
of higher education on the nation’s landscape
and future roles that they can play in helping
to improve communities� A fourth event
hosted by OUP on September 24, 2012 in
Nashville, Tennessee titled “Universities and
Communities Collaborating to Improve
School Performance focused on how to close
the achievement gap of students in the Pearl
Cohn Cluster Schools�

30 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
OUP ANNUAL CONFERENCE. OUP held
its annual conference in New Orleans, April
23–26, 2012, with the theme “Strategies for
Strengthening Communities�” The purpose
of this conference was to provide a forum to
discuss strategies and share information and
perspectives on how institutions of higher
education can use their skills, intellectual
capital, and other resources to help stabilize
and strengthen the nation’s urban and rural
communities during these difficult times�
The conference showcased successful models
that could help stabilize and strengthen
communities, and it provided an opportunity
for participants to network and to build
and establish contacts and partnerships
with other potential funders� Conference
participants comprised current and former
OUP grantees and community partners as
well as representatives from other colleges
and universities, federal agencies, advocacy
organizations and foundations� Session topics
included The Role of Anchor Institutions;
Strengthening Communities (the White
House Revitalization Initiative, SC2, and
Choice Neighborhoods); Accessing Private
Resources Through Foundations and Private
Partnerships; Accessing Federal Resources,
Investing in the Future: Colleges Working
With K–12 Schools Is a Community Benefit;
Tribal Colleges and Universities: Telling Their
Story; Housing Counseling and Foreclosure
Prevention; and Workforce Development�
LOOKING FORWARD: FORUMS—
ANCHOR INSTITUTIONS REVITALIZING
COMMUNITIES. In today’s tumultuous
economic times, communities need
established, dependable ways to achieve
sustainability and growth� Anchor
institutions—schools, higher education,
hospitals, faith-based organizations, and
community-based organizations that
have deep roots in the community—
are longstanding contributors to the
community’s stability and strength�
Oftentimes, these institutions are the largest
employers, purchasers, landowners, and,
subsequently, contributors to a community’s
economy, thus enhancing their importance
as permanent anchors for that community’s
well-being�
In FY 2013 OUP plans to conduct
additional forums� At each forum, OUP will
chair a discussion focusing on addressing
local community/economic development
issues and sharing successful practices that
might be helpful to community stakeholders�

32 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
TRANSFORMATION INITIATIVES (TI)
OBLIGATIONS (IN THOUSANDS)
ACTUAL ACTUAL
FY 2011 FY 2012
TI Research
Natural Experiments Grant Program $600
Demonstration Small Grant Program 267 $746
Sustainable Communities Research
Grant Program
1,497
Interface of Mobility & Sustainability 1,093
TBRA Cost Model 379
HCVP Administrative Fee Study 5,322 409
Assessment of Native American & Hawaiian
Housing Needs
3,964 1,483
MTO: Data Archive 10
Strategic Planning Metrics 1,380 110
Impact of Housing on Young Children 2,000
Housing Discrimination Study 10,735
Total $13,419 $16,576
TRANSFORMATION INITIATIVES (TI)
OBLIGATIONS (IN THOUSANDS)
ACTUAL ACTUAL
FY 2011 FY 2012
TI Demonstrations
Pre-Purchase Counseling $2,500 $1,500
Rent Reform 3,496
Family Sufficiency 12,468
Homeless Families Intervention 5,447 16
Choice Neighborhoods 2,464 2,461
Native American Sustainable Building 1,121
Small Area FMR Demonstration
Grants
540
Support and Services at Home (SASH)
Evaluation
500
Total $11,532 $20,981

33FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
ORGANIZATION CHART:
OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH
ECONOMIC MARKET
ANALYSIS
DIVISION (EMAD)
Peter B� Kahn
Director
Pamela R� Sharpe
Deputy Director
RESEARCH UTILIZATION
DIVISION (RUD)
Rachelle Levitt
Director
Eileen Faulkner
Deputy Director
HOUSING FINANCE
ANALYSIS
DIVISION (HFAD)
William Reeder
Director
PD&R Field Economists
POLICY DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION (PDD)
Marge F� Martin
Director
PROGRAM EVALUATIONS
DIVISION (PED)
Carol S� Star
Director
PROGRAM MONITORING
AND RESEARCH
DIVISION (PMRD)
David E� Chase
Director
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
RESEARCH AND
TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION (AHRTD)
Elizabeth Cocke
Director
HOUSING AND
DEMOGRAPHIC
ANALYSIS DIVISION (HDAD)
Shawn J� Bucholtz
Director
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
AND PUBLIC FINANCE
DIVISION (EDPFD)
Alastair McFarlane
Director
OFFICE OF DEPUTY ASSISTANT
SECRETARY FOR ECONOMIC
AFFAIRS (ODAS/EA)
Kurt G� Usowski
Deputy Assistant Secretary
Edward J� Szymanoski
Associate DAS
OFFICE OF DEPUTY
ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR
INTERNATIONAL AND
PHILANTHROPIC INNOVATION
(ODAS/IPI)
Ana Marie Argilagos
Deputy Assistant Secretary
Stewart Sarkozy-Banoczy
Director
OFFICE OF DEPUTY ASSISTANT
SECRETARY FOR POLICY
DEVELOPMENT (ODAS/PD)
Vacant
Deputy Assistant Secretary
Todd M� Richardson
Associate DAS
OFFICE OF DEPUTY ASSISTANT
SECRETARY FOR RESEARCH,
EVALUATION, AND MONITORING
(ODAS/REM)
Vacant
Deputy Assistant Secretary
Mark D� Shroder
Associate DAS
BUDGET, CONTRACTS AND
PROGRAM CONTROL DIVISION
(BCPCD)
Patrick J� Tewey
Director
MANAGEMENT AND
ADMINISTRATIVE
SERVICES DIVISION (MASD)
Jacqueline D� Buford
Director (AO)
ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR
POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND
RESEARCH (PDR)
Erika C� Poethig (A)
Assistant Secretary
Jean Lin Pao
General Deputy Assistant Secretary
OFFICE OF UNIVERSITY
PARTNERSHIPS (OUP)
Sherone E� Ivey
Deputy Assistant Secretary
STRONG CITIES/STRONG
COMMUNITIES (SC2)
Mark A� Linton
Executive Director
(A) Acting
Current Organization Chart as of December 3, 2012

34 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
AWARD WINNERS
T
he U�S� Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) annually presents its
Secretary’s Awards to honor projects that exemplify
excellence in four categories: community planning,
historic preservation, affordable housing design, and
cooperative public/private efforts� HUD presents the
awards in partnership with the several leading housing
and community development organizations�
THE SECRETARY’S AWARD FOR
EXCELLENCE IN HISTORIC
PRESERVATION
HUD presents the Secretary’s Award for Excellence in
Historic Preservation in partnership with the National
Trust for Historic Preservation to recognize efforts that
both advance the nation’s historic preservation goals and
provide affordable housing and economic development
opportunities for low- and moderate-income residents�
2010 Winner: Crown Village Development, LLC,
St. Louis, Missouri
Crown Village Development, LLC, pioneered an effort
to plan, implement, and sustain positive change and
growth in a long-neglected and long-distressed urban
neighborhood in St� Louis�
The project consists of the complete and accurate
historic rehabilitation of 27 buildings: 13 mixed-use
buildings on the former North 14th Street Mall and
14 residential buildings adjacent to the structures on
the mall� The end result is 80 mixed-income rental
homes (42 affordable and 38 market-rate apartments,
townhouses, live/work spaces, and lofts), plus about
33,000 square feet of street level commercial and retail
space� To meet the needs of low- to moderate-income
families, the developers reserved 20 percent of the 42
affordable apartments for occupancy by households
earning 50 percent or less of Area Median Income
(AMI) and are leasing the balance to households earning
60 percent or less of AMI� The remaining 38 apartments
are unrestricted market-rate rentals�
2011 Winner: The Volunteer Ministry Center,
Knoxville, Tennessee
Before The Volunteer Ministry Center undertook its
redevelopment, Minvilla Manor experienced a 40-year
period of neglect and deterioration and had been
condemned by the city of Knoxville� The Center bought
Minvilla Manor in 2006 to create permanent, supportive
housing for homeless men and women� The project
consists of ENERGY STAR certified townhouses made
from durable, good-quality materials� Minvilla Manor
now provides 57 permanent supportive housing units to
low- and very low-income residents� The Center created
the $5 million historic rehabilitation project, financed
sing a master tenant lease pass-through structure
nown as a sandwich lease, to maximize the use of low-
come and historic tax credits�
HE SECRETARY’S AWARD FOR
OMMUNITY FOUNDATIONS
e Secretary’s Award for Community Foundations,
n undertaking of the Office for International
nd Philanthropic Innovation and the Council
n Foundations’ Public-Philanthropic Partnership
nitiative, recognizes excellence in public-philanthropic
artnerships that have both transformed the relationship
etween the sectors and led to measurable benefits
terms of increased employment, health, safety,
ducation, sustainability, inclusivity and cultural
pportunities, and housing access for low- and
oderate-income families� The inaugural year for this
ward was 2012, and a winner was chosen from each of
UD’s 10 regions�
012 WINNERS:
egion 1: The Boston Foundation, for the
eighborhood Stabilization Loan Fund (NSLF)
e $22 million NSLF is a five-year statewide public,
rivate, and philanthropic partnership� It provides
nancing to acquire and rehabilitate foreclosed
roperties in distressed urban areas with high foreclosure
oncentrations� As of May 2012, NSLF had supported
e acquisition of 468 foreclosed units in 137 buildings�
SLF has managed to retain 32 percent of units as
ffordable to households with incomes up to 50 percent
f AMI and to retain 70 percent of units as affordable to
ouseholds with incomes up to 120 percent of AMI�
egion 2: Community Foundation for Greater Buffalo,
r the Green and Healthy Homes Initiative
HHI) Buffalo
uffalo is one of 17 HUD-designated GHHI pilot
ites around the country� GHHI Buffalo aligns and
oordinates public and private funding sources with
rograms for weatherization, lead hazard control, asthma
ontrol, and other home health and safety interventions
low-income homes� The community foundation’s
adership helped create a system for bringing resources
gether in low-income homes� GHHI Buffalo plans to
nalize the collaborative system by the end of 2012 and
ake improvements to 200 homes�
u
k
in
T
C
Th
a
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I
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in
e
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p
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35FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
Region 3: Hampton Roads Community Foundation
(HRCF), for ending homelessness in Norfolk, Virginia
HRCF is a longtime supporter of shelters and nonprofits
that help homeless people� HRCF staff members
have provided leadership and technical assistance
and convened partners around homeless issues� The
foundation advocated for a regional approach, provided
more than $2 million in grants, and leveraged other
funding� From 2006 through 2011, the number of
homeless people in Norfolk dropped 15 percent despite
a lingering economic recession� In addition, the number
of chronic homeless individuals dropped 18 percent
from 2009 through 2011�
Region 4: The Community Foundation of Middle
Tennessee, for the Metro Nashville Disaster
Response Fund
On May 1, 2010, Middle Tennessee experienced its
worst flooding in more than a thousand years� Following
the disaster, the Metro Nashville Disaster Response
Fund raised nearly $4 million in contributions and
helped leverage gifts to other community foundation
flood-relief funds totaling $15 million� These gifts came
from more than 20,000 individual donations� Grants from
these funds have enabled nonprofit grantees to rebuild
500 homes, handle ongoing case management of flood
victims, provide more than 1,000 pieces of furniture and
bedding, offer mortgage and rental assistance to hundreds
of flood victims, remove more than 143 tons of debris from
waterways, and more�
Region 5: Cleveland Foundation, for the Evergreen
Cooperative Initiative (ECI)
Launched in 2008, the ECI is working to create living-
wage jobs in six low-income neighborhoods of 43,000
residents with a median household income of less than
$18,500 in an area known as Greater University Circle�
Based on a vision of “community wealth building,”
the Cleveland Foundation designed the ECI to foster
an economic breakthrough in Cleveland� It has drawn
substantial support, including multimillion-dollar
financial investments from the federal government
(particularly HUD) and major institutions in Cleveland�
Community wealth strategies aim to improve the
ability of communities and individuals to increase asset
ownership, anchor jobs locally, strengthen the municipal
tax base, prevent financial resources from leaking out of
the area, and ensure local economic stability� The ECI
has successfully started two cooperative businesses—the
Evergreen Cooperative Laundry and Evergreen Energy
Systems—with a third, Green City Growers, that was
scheduled to open in 2012�
Region 6: Greater New Orleans Foundation (GNOF),
for Fighting Blight with Strategies that Work
Nearly five years after Hurricane Katrina, New
Orleans had more than 43,755 vacant, abandoned,
and blighted properties and no effective strategy for
dealing with them� In 2010, a partnership was formed
among GNOF, the City of New Orleans, the New
Orleans Redevelopment Authority, and the Center for
Community Progress to turn blighted properties into
assets to promote community development, economic
growth, and neighborhood stability� In the first 15
months of the partnership, the city reduced blight
by 3,615 properties� The initiative consolidated and
restructured city departments, held them to a high
standard of public accountability, and established a
streamlined data-management system� The city took the
innovative approach of using tax-lien foreclosure sales as
the primary vehicle for turning over problem properties�
The code enforcement process now takes three to six
months, as opposed to 18� Through this partnership,
New Orleans is developing a national model for dealing
with blight�
Region 7: Lincoln Community Foundation (LCF), for
Lincoln Community Learning Centers (CLC)
In 1999, LCF funded the initial grant for a community
feasibility study and funds to launch the first four pilot
CLCs� That original $100,000 has leveraged millions
of dollars from federal, state, and city governments,
corporations, and other foundations� The goals of CLCs
are to (1) improve student learning and development,
(2) support and strengthen families, and (3) bolster
neighborhoods� Data compiled from the past 13 years
show that students’ test scores are higher when they are
in a CLC� Today, 25 CLCs are in place at every Title
I elementary and middle school and one high school
in Lincoln� CLC partnerships create a community
underpinning to address safe, affordable housing;
affordable, quality child care; workforce development;
and accessible health care�
Region 8: Telluride Foundation, for the Paradox
Community Trust (PCT)
In 2008, the Telluride Foundation initiated the PCT, a
private-public partnership among local municipalities,
county governments, state agencies, and federal
departments� The effort works to moderate the inevitable
boom-and-bust cycles of local economies that rely on
oil, gas, and mining production and to create long-term
community investment� PCT does this by combining
resource extraction severance taxes with foundation grants,
charitable contributions, and local estate giving to create
a locally controlled, permanent fund for community
improvement and economic development investments�
Region 9: The San Diego Foundation, for the
Climate Initiative
In 2006, The San Diego Foundation commissioned its
Climate Initiative to analyze how philanthropy could
address issues related to climate change and to invest
in more sustainable economic growth and a higher
quality of life� The initiative’s goals are to (1) spur
regional action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, (2)
deepen community awareness about the local effect
of climate change, and (3) reduce the risks the region

36 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
faces from those effects� To date, the foundation has
awarded more than $400,000 in grants to support
transportation, equity, and environmental and public
health advocates who integrate housing, land use, and
transportation planning, especially those focused on
low-income residents, whom climate change may affect
most adversely�
Region 10: Oregon Community Foundation (OCF),
for Ready to Smile (RTS)
RTS is a formal partnership between the Oregon OCF
and Coos County Public Health that ensures students in
grades 1, 2, 6, and 7 in Coos and Curry County Public
Schools receive oral hygiene education, screenings for
dental disease, sealants and fluoride varnish, and referrals
to a dentist for urgent care when necessary� In its first
year, RTS reached 744 students at 12 schools, nearly
40 percent of all local schoolchildren� By the end of the
current school year, student participation will be greater
than 60 percent� The estimated value of all services to
date is more than $330,000�
THE SECRETARY’S OPPORTUNITY
AND EMPOWERMENT AWARD
HUD has issued the Secretary’s Opportunity and
Empowerment Award since 1998 in partnership with the
American Planning Association� This award recognizes
excellence in planning that has led to measurable benefits in
terms of increased economic employment, education,
or housing choice or mobility for low- and moderate-
income residents�
2010 Winner: Enterprise Green Communities,
Columbia, Maryland
The Enterprise Green Communities initiative, founded
by Enterprise Community Partners, is a national
green building program focused entirely on affordable
housing� It provides financing, funding, and expertise to
enable developers to build or rehabilitate environmentally
sustainable homes without compromising affordability� The
initiative offers a roadmap for achieving significant health,
economic, and environmental benefits for residents
through cost-effective green design methods and materials�
Since 2004, Enterprise Green Communities has invested
$700 million to create 15,800 green affordable homes
in 350 developments in 30 states� The initiative also
trained 4,000 housing professionals in green affordable
development and advised more than 20 states and cities
about environmentally sustainable affordable housing
policies� Seven state and local green building laws
and housing plans now include the Enterprise Green
Communities criteria�
2011 Winner: Sherwood Village Senior
Apartments, Salinas, California
Sherwood Village transformed the property,
originally an abandoned motel that was a haven
for crime, into an affordable housing development
for seniors, who participated in each step of the
planning and development process� To meet the goal
of enabling residents to peacefully age in place in a
noninstitutional setting, Sherwood Village designed all
124 apartments with wheelchair access, roll-in showers,
adjustable kitchen sinks and stoves, and modern
bathrooms� Transformed in partnership between
nonprofit developer CHISPA Housing and the Salinas
City Council, the development incorporated sustainable
building practices� The developer reused 75 percent of
the original structure and installed innovative heating and
air conditioning systems, dual flush toilets, solar tubes
that bring natural light into the units, ENERGY STAR
appliances, and solar panels to reduce electricity load and
greenhouse gas generation�
THE SECRETARY’S HOUSING AND
COMMUNITY DESIGN AWARDS
EXCELLENCE IN AFFORDABLE
HOUSING DESIGN AWARD
This award recognizes architecture that demonstrates
overall excellence in terms of design in response to both
the needs and the constraints of affordable housing�
2011 Winner: New Carver Apartments,
Los Angeles, California
New Carver Apartments revived an underused
neighborhood in downtown Los Angeles with funds
from the Los Angeles Housing Department, California’s
Department of Housing and Community Development,
and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act� This
sustainable development, which exceeds California’s
energy-efficiency requirements, includes 97 units for
formerly homeless individuals who earn less than 50
percent of AMI� Shared spaces and private units offer a
safe and secure environment and encourage interaction
between residents� Onsite social services are available�
2012 Winner: Drs. Julian and Raye Richardson
Apartments, San Francisco, California
In the heart of San Francisco, this project remediates
the site of a collapsed freeway� A mixed-use, single-
room occupancy building, it provides 120 permanent
supportive studio apartments for formerly homeless
residents, many of whom have mental and physical
disabilities� The design is responsive to their needs,
balances independence with security, maximizes a
constricted site to meet program needs, and creates
attractive homes and community spaces� This five-story
structure draws inspiration from its surroundings, both
standing out and fitting in with the neighborhood
fabric� Focus on the natural beauty of materials—zinc,
concrete, and salvaged wood—and on the iconic
corner, entry, and shared spaces has created a building
with a strong identity and sense of place� A landscaped
courtyard, second-level deck, and roof garden provide
social opportunities and address community concerns
about loitering� Well-lit sidewalks, permeable paving,

37FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
plantings, and bike racks make for a safe, active addition
to the streetscape� The retail corner is to house a social-
service bakery/café that will offer jobs and job training
to residents�
CREATING COMMUNITY
CONNECTION AWARD
This award recognizes projects that incorporate housing
within other community amenities for the purpose of
either revitalization or planned growth�
2011 Winner: Haven for Hope,
San Antonio, Texas
Haven for Hope has turned a formerly blighted area into
an epicenter of promise and opportunity� Determined
to change the plight of its homeless population, the city
of San Antonio worked together with Bexar County
and nonprofit and private organizations to create a
community that addresses and treats the root causes of
homelessness� Bordering downtown and a low-income
community, the site was an industrial park with several
abandoned warehouses� The challenge was to create
public spaces that invoked a campus environment
while reaching out to the community� Architects
and stakeholders held design charrettes and progress
meetings with service providers, interest groups, law
enforcement, and neighborhood associations� San
Antonio-based agencies, including University Health
System and the Center for Health Care Services, are
intimately involved in the operations�
2012 Winner: Bud Clark Commons,
Portland, Oregon
Through a combination of low-income housing tax
credits, urban renewal funding, and HUD stimulus
dollars, Bud Clark Commons, a service and shelter
project for the homeless, opened in the summer of
2011� It is now setting a new standard for services by
joining permanent supportive housing and temporary
shelter with a community resource center� Bud Clark
Commons offers a day center with access to services,
a temporary shelter for men, and apartments for
homeless adults seeking permanent, supportive housing�
Centrally located at the gateway to downtown Portland
and adjacent to light rail, buses, and an historic train
station, this project combines the rigorous programmatic
requirements of a coalition led by the municipal
client, a progressive design approach, and sustainable
building practices� The building has a LEED Platinum
certification from the U�S� Green Building Council, and
the energy-efficient technologies are estimated to achieve
savings of $60,000 per year�
COMMUNITY-INFORMED
DESIGN AWARD
This award recognizes design that supports physical
communities as they rebuild social structures and
relationships that may have weakened because of out-
migration, disinvestment, and the isolation of
inner-city areas�
2012 Winner: Boston Public Library, Mattapan Branch,
Boston, Massachusetts
With numerous windows looking onto a major urban
street, this stone-and-brick building creates a strong
civic presence that is decidedly open and inviting to
the community� The building’s interior reflects this
same sense of invitation in each of its major spaces� The
main reading room, with its high ceiling, warm wood
shelving, and sun grillage, creates a welcoming space
for adults to work quietly� The children’s room and
young adults’ room each provide colorful and active
spaces flanking an outdoor courtyard� A community
room, wrapped in warm wood, enables the library to
serve the community beyond library hours� Reflecting
the importance of the teenage population to the local
community, this library provides the largest young
adults’ space of any regional public library� Its young
adults’ room is an oasis, a lively space with robust
technology encouraging heavy use after school and
during the weekends�
ALAN J. ROTHMAN AWARD FOR
HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY
This award is named for Alan Rothman, a longtime
former HUD Office of Policy Development and
Research employee and recognized leader in accessibility
design and architecture�
2011 Winner: Magnolia Mid-Mod,
Seattle, Washington
A whole-house interior renovation of a midcentury
modern home, this project is universally designed for
a family of three that includes two wheelchair users
(mother and daughter)� The family needed both a larger
kitchen that would accommodate two wheelchairs and a
private space in which the daughter could socialize with
friends� Because adding a second story to the house was
costly, would severely diminish the home’s midcentury
scale and charm, and would require using an elevator
multiple times a day, the solution was to find more
square footage within the existing space� The result is a
home that is highly functional and universally appealing�
Magnolia Mid-Mod aims to inspire others to consider
the investment potential, both financial and experiential,
of planning for a broad range of mobility over a long
period of time�

38 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
CONFERENCES HELD
EVENT NAME DATE PARTNERS
American Housing Survey Users
Conference
March 8, 2011
Neighborhoods of Choice and
Opportunity: Lessons from the
HOPE VI Experience and Research
March 16, 2011
Council of Large Public
Housing Authorities
PD&R Quarterly Update September 19, 2011
Advancing Sustainability
Performance: A Research and
Practice Forum
September 28, 2011
National Housing Conference,
HUD’s Office of Sustainable
Housing and Communities
How Housing Matters Conference November 2, 2011
MacArthur Foundation,
National Building Museum
Research Agenda Conference November 17, 2011
LGBT Elder Housing Summit December 7, 2011
National Center for
Lesbian Rights
PD&R Quarterly Update December 8, 2011
Encouraging Innovation through
Government Challenges
January 26, 2012
General Services
Administration, Environmental
Protection Agency, U�S�
Department of Agriculture
OECD Roundtable of Mayors and
Ministers
March 8, 2012
Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development
SC2 Convening March 15, 2012 SC2 Partner Agencies
Quarterly Update March 22, 2012
Office of University Partnerships’
Annual Conference
March 23–26, 2012
Pay for Success Workshop April 11, 2012
Nonprofit Finance Fund,
Social Finance U�S�
Reinventing Older Communities:
Building Resilient Cities
May 9–11, 2012
Federal Reserve Bank
of Philadelphia
Research Agenda Convening
for Design, Construction and
Technology
May 16, 2012
Nearing Naples I-IV
May 24, June 18, July
16, August 15, 2012
American Planning Association,
USAID, Habitat for Humanity,
UN-Habitat, National
Building Museum
Quarterly Update June 7, 2012
Summer Philanthropic Engagement
Series with Secretary Donovan
July 6–9, 2012
Impact of Housing and Services
Interventions on Homeless Families
July 19, 2012 Abt Associates
Rental Alignment Conference August 1, 2012
U�S� Department of the
Treasury, USDA Rural
Development, White House
Domestic Policy Council

39FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
EVENT NAME DATE PARTNERS
Child Welfare Research Convening August 3, 2012
HUD Office of the Secretary,
Casey Family Programs
Using Data to Understand
Borrowers’ Access to Credit
August 22, 2012
Ford Foundation,
Urban Institute
Green Retrofits and Public Housing
Philanthropic Workshop
September 19, 2012 Living Cities

40 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
PUBLICATIONS AND DATA SETS
2011 PUBLICATIONS AND DATA SETS RELEASED
Apgar, William C�, Jr�, Christopher E� Herbert, and Priti Mathur� 2009� Risk or Race: An Assessment of Subprime
Lending Patterns in Nine Metropolitan Areas. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
Arena, Lois, Pallavi Mantha, and Achilles N� Karagiozis� 2010� Monitoring of Internal Moisture Loads in Residential
Buildings: Final Report, Supplemental, & Data File. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
Been, Vicki, and Ingrid Gould Ellen, eds� 2011� Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research 13 (2):
Rental Housing Policy in the United States. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban
Development�
Brunson, Sandra Susan, ed� 2011� Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research 13 (1): Discovering
Homelessness� Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Culhane, Dennis P�, John Fantuzzo, Whitney LeBoeuf, Chin-Chih Chen, and The University of Pennsylvania� 2011�
Alternative Approach: Assessing the Impact of HUD’s Assisted Housing Programs on Educational Opportunity
and Well-Being. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Dawkins, Casey J� 2011� Exploring the Spatial Distribution of Low Income Housing Tax Credit Properties� Cadre Report�
Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Dawkins, Casey J�, Theodore C� Koebel, Marilyn Cavell, Steve Hullibarger, David B� Hattis, and Howard Weissman�
2011� Regulatory Barriers to Manufactured Housing Placement in Urban Communities. Washington, DC:
U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
de Silva, Lalith, Imesh Wijewardena, Michelle Wood, and Bulbul Kaul� 2011� Evaluation of the Family Self-Sufficiency
Programs: Prospective Study. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
Early, Dirk W� 2011� Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Rents of Constant Quality Units in the Housing Choice Voucher
Program: Evidence from HUD’s Customer Satisfaction Survey� Cadre Report. Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Econometrica, Inc� 2011� Codebook for the American Housing Survey, Public Use File: 1997 and later. Washington, DC:
U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Eggers, Frederick J�, Kwame Donaldson, and Fouad Moumen� 2011� Components of Inventory Change and Rental
Dynamics: New Orleans 2004–2009. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
Eggers, Frederick J�, and Fouad Moumen� 2011�Components of Inventory Change: 2007–2009. Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development�
———� 2011� Rental Market Dynamics: 2007–2009. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
———� 2010� Investigating Very High Rent Burdens Among Renters in the American Housing Survey. Washington, DC:
U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Ellen, Ingrid Gould, Michael C� Lens, and Katherine O’Regan� 2011� Memphis Murder Revisited: Do Housing Vouchers
Cause Crime? Cadre Report. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Ellen, Ingrid Gould, and Keren Mertens Horn� 2011� Creating a Metric of Educational Opportunity for Assisted
Households� Cadre Report� Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Freeman, Lance� 2011� The Impact of Source of Income Laws on Voucher Utilization and Locational Outcomes� Cadre
Report. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Holin, Mary Joel, Larry Buron, Gretchen Locke, and Alvaro Cortes� 2003� Interim Assessment of the HOPE VI Program.
Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�

41FY 2011-2012  PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT
ICF Macro International� 2009� Quality Control for Rental Assistance Subsidy Determinations: Final Report for FY 2009.
Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Lens, Michael C�, Ingrid Gould Ellen, and Katherine O’Regan� 2011� Neighborhood Crime Exposure Among Housing
Choice Voucher Households. Cadre Report. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
Locke, Gretchen, Ken Lam, Meghan Henry, and Scott Brown� 2011� End of Participation in Assisted Housing: What
Can We Learn About Aging in Place? Cadre Report. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
McClure, Kirk� 2011� Housing Choice Voucher Marketing Opportunity Index: Analysis of Data at the Tract and Block
Group Level� Cadre Report. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
———� 2011� Reduction of Worst Case Housing Needs by Assisted Housing� Cadre Report. Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Randolph, John, Arthur C� Nelson, Joseph M� Schilling, and Jonathan Logan� 2007� Effects of Environmental Regulatory
Systems on Housing Affordability. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
Steffen, Barry L�, Keith Fudge, Marge Martin, Maria Teresa Souza, David A� Vandenbroucke, and Yung-Gann David
Yao� 2011� Worst Case Housing Needs 2009: Report to Congress. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of
Housing and Urban Development5533;
Temkin, Kenneth, Tracy McCracken, and Veralee Liban� 2011� Study of the Fair Housing Initiatives Program.
Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Turnham, Jennifer, Jonathan Spader, Jill Khadduri, and Meryl Finkel� 2010� Housing Recovery in the Gulf Coast,
Phase I: Results of Windshield Observations in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development.
U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development� 2011� FY 2011 Income Limits� Data set� Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development�
U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research� 2011� Cityscape:
A Journal of Policy Development and Research 13 (3): Crime and Urban Form. Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development�
———� 2011� U.S. Housing Market Conditions, 2nd Quarter 2011. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing
and Urban Development�
———� 2011� U.S. Housing Market Conditions, 1st Quarter 2011. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
———� 2010� U.S. Housing Market Conditions, 4th Quarter 2010. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing
and Urban Development�
———� 2010� U.S. Housing Market Conditions, 3rd Quarter 2010. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing
and Urban Development�
Wallos, Kimberly Gugino, Kristen Mui, Janet Pershing, and Eric Oetjen� 2011� Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Green
Building Design in Section 202 and Section 811 Programs. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing
and Urban Development�
2012 PUBLICATIONS AND DATA SETS RELEASED
Abravanel, Martin D�, and Bohne G� Silber� 2011� Partner Satisfaction With HUD’s Performance: 2010 Survey Results
and Trends Since 2005. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Bucholtz, Shawn, ed� 2012� Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research 14 (1): American Housing Survey.
Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Cantrell, Randall A�, Isabelina Nahmens, John Peavey, Karmen Bryant, and Matthew Stair� 2012� Pre-Disaster Planning
for Permanent Housing Recovery, Vol.1: Overview� Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�

42 PD&R BIENNIAL REPORT  FY 2011-2012
———� 2012� Pre-Disaster Planning for Permanent Housing Recovery, Vol.2: Planning Strategy. Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development�
———� 2012� Pre-Disaster Planning for Permanent Housing Recovery, Vol.3: Planning Tools. Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development�
———� 2012� Pre-Disaster Planning for Permanent Housing Recovery, Vol.4: Basic Plant Design. Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Feinberg, Robert, Daniel Kuehn, Signe-Mary McKernan, Dough Wissoker, and Sisi Zhang� 2012� What Explains
Variation in Title Charges? A Study of Five Large Markets. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing
and Urban Development�
Jefferson, Anna, Jonathan Spader, Jennifer Turnham, Shawn Moulton, and IMPAQ International LLC� 2012�
Foreclosure Counseling Outcome Study: Final Report� Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�

Joice, Paul, Ben J� Winter, Heidi Johnson, and Abubakari Zuberi� 2011� Redistribution Effect of Introducing 2010 Census
and 2005–2009 ACS Data Into the CDBG Formula� Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
Khadduri, Jill, Carissa Climaco, Kimberly Burnett, in partnership with Laurie Gould, Louise Elving� 2012� What
Happens to Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Properties at Year 15 and Beyond? Washington, DC: U�S�
Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc�, and Newport Partners, LLC� 2012� A Model Housing Transportation Plan.
Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Ludwig, Jens, ed� 2012� Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research 14 (1): Moving to Opportunity.
Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Sanbonmatsu, Lisa, Jens Ludwig, Lawrence F� Katz, Lisa A� Gennetian, Greg J� Duncan, Ronald C� Kessler, Emma
Adam, Thomas W� McDade, Stacy Tessler Lindau, Matthew Sciandra, Fanghua Yang, Ijun Lai,
William Congdon, Joe Amick, Ryan Gillette, Michael A� Zabek, Jordan Marvakov, Sabrina Yusuf, and
Nicholas A� Porter� 2011� Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing Demonstration Program: Final Impacts
Evaluation� Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Turnham, Jennifer, Kimberly Burnett, Carlos Martin, Tom McCall, Randall Juras, and Jonathan Spader� 2011� Housing
Recovery on the Gulf Coast, Phase II: Results of Property Owner Survey in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas�
Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
Turnham, Jennifer, and Anna Jefferson� 2012� Pre-Purchase Counseling Outcome Study� Research Brief. Washington,
DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research� 2012� Picture of
Subsidized Households, 2009� Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and Urban Development�
———� 2012� U.S. Housing Market Conditions, 1st Quarter 2012. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing and
Urban Development�
———� 2012� U.S. Housing Market Conditions, 4th Quarter 2011. Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing
and Urban Development�
———� 2011� U.S. Housing Market Conditions, 3rd Quarter 2011� Washington, DC: U�S� Department of Housing
and Urban Development�

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Policy Development and Research
Washington, DC 20410-6000
December