This publication examines the impact of the Eagle Ford Shale oil and gas boom on rural South Texas communities. It highlights the economic benefits, such as job creation and increased income, alongside significant challenges, including housing shortages, rising costs, and environmental concerns. The research underscores the disparity between wealthy landowners with mineral rights and vulnerable populations, such as low-income families and emergency responders, who face housing insecurity. The University of Texas at San Antonio collaborated with local stakeholders to address these issues by designing affordable, permanent housing solutions. The publication emphasizes the need for sustainable development and community revitalization to ensure long-term benefits for all residents, particularly in areas historically affected by poverty and lacking basic infrastructure.