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Gulf Coast Housing Revival

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23 March 2011    
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Gulf Coast Housing Revival

USHMCTo help communities with disaster relief, HUD’s Office of Policy Development and Research has released Housing Recovery in the Gulf Coast Phase 1: Results of Windshield Observations in Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas, which evaluates housing recovery and the supportive role played by Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds. The analysis is based on “windshield observations” (sidewalk or street views) of 3,511 residential properties affected by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. These properties were selected based on being located on a Census block with three or more FEMA-assessed properties with “major” or “severe” damage. Estimates of repair needs, visible occupancy rates, and rebuilding status were determined using these windshield observations, which were made in early 2010. The findings were analyzed in relation to receipt and size of CDBG awards received by property owners. A planned second phase of the study will enhance results of the windshield observations through interviews and further analysis.
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Key Findings

  • 74.6% of properties had a residence with no substantial repair needs; 10.8% of the properties had no permanent residential structure; and 14.6% had residences with substantial repair needs.


  • About 83% of properties appeared habitable; occupancy rates ranged from 78 to 82.6% (windshield survey) or 82.3 to 89.1% (U.S. Postal Service records). Occupancy rates varied by property condition.


  • Owner-occupied residences in 2005 (at time of hurricane) were more likely to be occupied in 2010 than renter-occupied units.


  • About 4% of properties were actively under reconstruction; about 69.7% had been rebuilt since the storm.


  • Properties still in need of repair were generally found to be geographically clustered and/or in areas with lower incomes.


  • Black and Hispanic neighborhoods, controlling for income and level of damage, showed significantly higher rates of rebuilding.


  • Many CDBG-assisted properties have been rebuilt, but others are part of longer-term recovery plans, such as demolition and land banking.


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