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Cityscape: Volume 22 Number 3 | The Moving to Work Retrospective Evaluation

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The goal of Cityscape is to bring high-quality original research on housing and community development issues to scholars, government officials, and practitioners. Cityscape is open to all relevant disciplines, including architecture, consumer research, demography, economics, engineering, ethnography, finance, geography, law, planning, political science, public policy, regional science, sociology, statistics, and urban studies.

Cityscape is published three times a year by the Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.



The Moving to Work Retrospective Evaluation

Volume 22 Number 3

Mark D. Shroder

Michelle P. Matuga

Reviving Rammed Earth as a Sustainable Construction Technique

Hota Gangarao
David Johnson
Ray Liang
West Virginia University

Mike Blanford
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development


The status quo for single-family home construction has been wood frame construction, commonly called “stick framing” because of the dominant use of 2” x 4” dimensional lumber. Wood frame construction has served the homebuilding community well; however, alternative building approaches are beginning to catch on. The alternative discussed in this article—rammed earth—is actually a historical construction technique that practitioners are reviving.


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